Sorbus Aria Research Articles

Effective Tree Species for Local Airquality Management

The beneficial effect that trees have on air quality is often stated in arboricultural literature but has rarely been researched. The presented study aims to identify trees from 5 contrasting species that maximize the benefit to local air quality. Results show that all trees examined captured large quantities of airborne particulates, from the health-damaging size fractions (particle diameters of 10 to 2.5 |im, 2.5 to 1 |Xm, and <1 |am). Coniferous species were found to capture more particles than did broad-leaves, with pines (Pinus spp.) capturing significantly more material than cypresses (Cupresses spp.). Of the broad-leaved species, whitebeam (Sorbus aria) captured the most and poplar (Populus spp.) the least weight of particles. Trees situated close to a busy road captured significantly more material from the largest particle size fraction than those situated at a rural, background site. There was very little variation between the 2 sites in the weight of particulates from the 2 smallest particle size fractions (i.e., the fractions that are potentially the most damaging to human health).

Recruitment of fleshy‐fruited species under different shrub species: Control by under‐canopy environment

Seedling densities and the mortality of fleshy‐fruited species under 10 European tall‐shrub species and the tree Sorbus aria were analyzed in 10‐year‐old experimental scrub for one growing season. The mean total densities of seedlings of 18 fleshy‐fruited species differed under the different ‘hosts’, being highest under Crataegus monogyna, Viburnum opulus and Rosa canina (24–20 m−2); intermediate under Sorbus aria, Rhamnus catharticus, Cornus sanguinea, Ligustrum vulgare and Juniperus communis (17–12 m−2); and lowest under Euonymus europaeus, Viburnum lantana and Prunus spinosa (10–9 m−2). This ranking was similar for the 11 planted species and for nine bird‐dispersed, non‐planted species which invaded the site, notably Hedera helix and Solanum dulcamara. Within the experimental scrub as a whole mortality of seedlings differed significantly among species, being highest in those with the smallest number of recruits. Mortality ranged from 94% and 89% for Solanum dulcamara and Viburnum opulus to 26% for Hedera helix and Ligustrum vulgare. The mean mortality across all species of seedlings did not differ significantly between host species, although it was slightly higher under Juniperus and Cornus (56%, 53%) and lower under Viburnum lantana and Rhamnus (42%, 41%). In four species, the mortality of seedlings was significantly higher under conspecific adults. Mean topsoil water content after a dry spell was negatively correlated with the diffuse site factor (DSF). The mean density of accumulated seedlings of the most abundant seedling species (Hedera) was positively correlated with the topsoil water content. Densities of other species showed no strong correlations with either topsoil water content or DSF. The probable factors controlling recruitment are discussed.

A Garden Experiment on Susceptibility to Rabbit‐Grazing, Sapling Growth Rates, and Age at First Reproduction for Eleven European Woody Species

Abstract: Eleven European shrub and tree species have been grown for 13 years in a randomized array (with 2 or 3 provenances for 5 of 11 species) in an experimental garden in southern England. A plague of rabbits in the second year damaged a greater proportion of plants in species with faster height growth, including those that are the commonest colonizers of pastures; most plants recovered rapidly. Apparently, resilience rather than resistance enables these plants to be invaders of abandoned grasslands. Among the shrubs there was little evidence of a trade‐off between initial rate of height growth and final height. The small tree Crataegus monogyna overtook the tallest shrub (Cornus sanguinea) in the 12th year. Among the shrubs, after 12 years, there was a trend for basal area to be greater in taller species; the trees had notably low basal area for their height. Most individuals of the shrub species reproduced before those of Crataegus and Sorbus aria (in 3–6 years rather than 5–13). Among the shrubs, the earliest to reproduce were fast‐growing (Rosa canina, then Ligustrum vuigare, Prunus spinosa and Rhamnus catharticus), but then species with a wide range of growth rates all reproduced at the same time (Euony‐mus europaeus, Juniperus communis and Viburnum opulus slow‐growing, Cornus sanguinea and V. lantana fast‐growing). The results are discussed in relation to theories of resource allocation, and the behaviour of the particular species in the field.

Whitebeam ( Sorbus aria) as a nature reserve tree on poor soils : J. A. Richardson, Arboricultural Journal, 16(2), 1992, pp 99–102

Whitebeam ( Sorbus aria) as a nature reserve tree on poor soils : J. A. Richardson, Arboricultural Journal, 16(2), 1992, pp 99–102

3,4-Dihydroxy-7,8-dihydro-.beta.-ionol .beta.-D-glucopyranoside: Natural precursor of isomeric vitispiranes from gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa L.) and white beam (Sorbus aria) leaves

After isolation of glycosidic extracts obtained from gooseberry (Ribes uva crispa L.) and whitebeam (Sorbus aria) leaves by Amberlite XAD-2 adsorption and methanol elution followed by hydrolsis under simultaneous distillation-extraction conditions at pH 2.5, among the aglycons the isomeric vitispiranes were detected as major constituents (20 and 70 mg/kg, respectively) by HRGC and HRGC-MS analyses

WHITEBEAM (SORBUS ARIA) AS A NATURE RESERVE TREE ON POOR SOILS

Summary Extensive tree planting for amenity on coal spoil sites has been carried out in County Durham for 35 years. Whitebeam (Sorbus aria) was not used until 1974 when it was planted experimentally as 1 + 1 transplants in small numbers on a site where its cogenor rowan (S. aucuparia) had completely failed. It grew successfully; after 7 years the survival was 90 per cent and height 1.7m and after 14 years 90 per cent and 4.5m. In 1982 and 1983 Swedish whitebeam (S. intermedia) was planted at two similar sites and after 7 years the survival and height (85 per cent, 1.7m) suggest that this species could also be confidently used on poor soils for amenity purposes.

Evaluation of Hawthorn Lace Bug (Hemiptera: Tingidae) Feeding Preference on Cotoneaster and Pyracantha 1

Five species/cultivars each of Cotoneaster and Pyracantha were caged with adults of hawthorn lace bug, Corythucha cydoniae (Fitch), to evaluate feeding preference. Container-grown Cotoneaster were evaluated in a cage with lace bugs. C. horizontalis and P. atalantiodes . ‘Aurea’ were the least preferred, whereas C. dammeri ‘Royal Beauty’ and P. koidzumii ‘Ingleside Crimson’ were the most preferred cultivars. Sorbus aria was preferred over Pyracantha crenato-serrata ‘Graberi,’ Coto- neaster dammeri ‘Royal Beauty,’ or Crataegus phaenopyrum by the hawthorn lace bug in laboratory preference trials.

Die Verbreitung der Blausäure bei den Cormophyten

Prunasin was isolated from leaves and roots of Aruncus silvester (= A. dioicus), leaves of Gillenia trifoliata and seedlings of Kageneckia lanceolata (all Spiraeoideae). Chamaebatiaria millefolium (Spiraeoideae - Sorbarieae) was found to be cyanogenic; in this instance the cyanogenic constituent seems to be different from prunasin, however. Prunasin was isolated also from buds and very young shoots of Crataegus irrasa (Maloideac - Crataegeae). Very young leaves of Crataegus cuneata and C. pedicellata also contain prunasin-like glycosides. Adenostoma fasciculatum, A. sparsifolium, all taxa of Cercocarpus tested and Coleogyne ramosissima were shown to have more or less strongly cyanogenic leaves. Together with Kerria, Neviusia and Rhodotypos these genera deviate from true Rosoideae by being cyanogenic and by having the basic chromosome number 9 instead of 7. The cyanogenic compounds of these taxa seem not to be derived from phenylalanine. Prinsepia uniflora (Prunoideae) has cyanogenic young shoots which do not contain prunasin or a similar compound. Within the species Aruncus silvester, Sorbus aria and Sorbus aucuparia cyanogenesis of leaves was found to be a highly variable character. The taxonomic meaning of cyanophoric compounds in Rosaceae is discussed briefly.

Water relations of drought hardy shrubs: osmotic potential and stomatal reactivity

Abstract. Diurnal measurements of total water potential and stomatal opening were made at six sites. Pressure‐volume curves were established on parallel leaf samples. In eastern Austria, the species investigated were Cornus mas L., Cornus sanguinea L., Crateagus monogyna Jacq., Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz and Viburnum lantana L. in southern France Crateagus monogyna, and in southern Turkey Crateagus monogyna and Olea europaea L. Osmotic adjustment, defined as a change in osmotic potential larger than the passive change resulting from the loss of cell water, was relatively small from day to day or week to week in mature, non‐senescing leaves. Cornus sanguinea was an exception. A recently suggested method for the demonstration of diurnal active osmotic adjustment seems not to be reliable without further independent corroboration. Changes in the leaf water potential threshold for stomatal closure were either insignificant when the pressure‐volume characteristics of the plant material were stable, or significant when shifts in such parameters as the turgor loss point occurred (Cornus sanguinea).

Comportement des embryons isolés de Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz, de S. aucuparia L. et de S. torminalis (L.) Crantz en fonction de leurs positions sur le milieu de culture et des prétraitements appliqués aux graines

"Effects of seeds pretreatments on the embryo behaviours of Sorbus aria, S. aucuparia and S. torminalis, sowed in different positions" This study is devoted to the comparaison of the reactions of S. aria, S. aucuparia and S. torminalis embryos extracted from afterripened or non afterripened seeds and cultivated in four different positions. The results show that the embryo dormancy of these species may be broken both by warm and cold stratifications. Dry storage has a small positive effect. They also corroborate that dormancy breakdown of Sorbus embryos proceeds from intricated processes involving intake and circulation of water, hormonal substances and trophic relations. But the relative part of each process varies from one species to an other. The latters being more important with the most dormant embryo (S. aucuparia) which is therefore the one most similar to the apple embryo. On the other hand, with its embryo presenting only weak dormancy, S. aria is the most dissimilar. S. torminalis takes its place between these two extremes.

AN ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF RARE FRUIT PLANTS OF THE ROSACEAE JUSS. FAMILY

Climate change, urbanization, urban population growth and the globalization of unhealthy diets can lead to serious food security challenges. Rare fruit plants have a number of valuable consumer qualities and are resistant to abiotic and biotic environmental factors, high decorative qualities, versatile and wide potential for use in fruit growing, breeding and gardening. These species can serve as sources of biologically active substances. The aim of our research was to study the ecological and biological characteristics of rare fruit plants of the Rosaceae family of the gene pool of the VNIISPK arboretum for the effective use of the potential of species biodiversity in breeding. The objects of study were 14 species. The studies were carried out over three years (2018 - 2020). Based on the results of a comprehensive ecological and biological assessment of 14 species of rare fruit plants of the Rosaceae family of the gene pool of the VNIISPK arboretum, 8 promising adaptive genotypes were identified, which are recommended to be used as genetic sources for breeding for obtaining varieties with a complex of economically valuable characteristics. These are Chaenomeles Maulei, Crataegus submollis, Amelanchier Canadensis, Amelanchier ovalis, Mespilus germanica, Padus virginiana, Padus Maackii and Malus prunifolia. Malus niedzwetzkyana and Sorbus aria are recommended as sources of pest resistance.

Variations in the content of phosphorus, nucleic acids and adenine in the leaves of some deciduous trees during the autumn

The content of acid soluble, lipid-bound and nucleic-acid phosphorus was determined in leaves collected from 9 species of deciduous trees (Acer platanoides, Tilia platyphylla, Carpinus betulus, Prunus padus, Fagus silvatica f. atropurpurea, Quercus petraea, Sorbus intermedia, Sorbus Aria, andBetula pubescens) during the autumn. The movement of phosphorus back to the branches and the stem from the leaves was demonstrated in some cases, (this was particularly noticeable in the case ofT.p., S.i. andS.A.). At the same time a transformation of organically bound to inorganic phosphorus occurred in all species. Even in the falling leaves, however, there always remained a certain percentage of nucleic acid P and lipid-P.