Span 60 Research Articles

Investigation of the detergency properties of mixtures of biocides and nonionic surfactants using a new simplified hard surface cleaning method

AbstractThe present study explores the cleaning efficacy of a set of nonionic surfactants (linear ethoxylated alcohol, secondary ethoxylated alcohols with 5, 7, and 9 ethoxy groups, glycoside surfactants, polyglycerol surfactants, and an ethoxylated sorbitan monolaurate) combined with cationic biocides—alkyl quaternary ammonium salts. A simple hard surface cleaning methodology was applied, which was shown to discriminate well between poor and good cleaning formulations. In addition to cleaning efficacy, surface aesthetics such as gloss and haze were evaluated together to assess surface streaking caused by a residual surfactant layer. The haziness determination turned out to be the key feature revealing the complex cleaning performance of multi‐component products.

Preparation and characterization of niosomes for the delivery of a lipophilic model drug: comparative stability study with liposomes against phospholipase-A2

Vesicular nanocarriers like niosomes and liposomes are widely researched for controlled drug delivery systems, with niosomes emerging as promising alternatives due to their higher stability and ease of manufacturing. This study aimed to develop and characterize a niosomal formulation for the encapsulation and sustained release of temozolomide (TMZ), a model lipophilic drug, and to compare the stability of niosomes and liposomes, with a particular focus on the behavior of their lipid bilayers. Niosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method, composed of Span 60 (Sorbitan monostearate), cholesterol, and soy lecithin in varying molar ratios. The study investigated critical properties such as drug loading capacity, release kinetics, and resistance to enzymatic degradation. The optimized formulation was analyzed for drug entrapment efficiency and stability against phospholipase A2 (PLA2) degradation. The optimized niosomal formulation, with a 4:2:1 molar ratio of Span 60: cholesterol, achieved a high TMZ entrapment efficiency of 73.23 ± 1.02% and demonstrated sustained drug release over 24 hours. In comparison, liposomes released their TMZ payload within 4 hours upon exposure to PLA2, while the niosomes maintained their release profile, indicating superior stability. Spectroscopic and thermal analysis confirmed successful drug encapsulation with no component incompatibilities.

Investigation of EDM Erosion Behavior for Ni-based Superalloy using Experimental and Machine Learning Approach

The rapid growth of the global population and the consequent increase in manufacturing activities have heightened the need for sustainable practices to protect the environment. Non-traditional manufacturing processes, such as electric discharge machining (EDM), often use oil-based dielectric fluids like kerosene, which emit toxic fumes and aerosols, contributing to environmental pollution. To address this, the reuse of waste cooking oil (WCO) as a dielectric fluid in EDM presents a promising solution. This method not only tackles the issue of waste oil disposal but also supports the circular economy by repurposing waste materials. EDM, frequently criticized for its low cutting rates, can be enhanced by using nitrogen assisted modified Cu electrodes (cryogenically treated (CT)). This study focused on machining the difficult-to-cut nickel-based superalloy, IN718 by incorporating Sillimanite nano-powder with Span-60 (S-60). The erosion performance characteristics such as material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR), and accuracy index (AI) were evaluated. An artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to predict and correlate experimental and predicted values. Significant improvements were achieved using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) in the confirmation investigations. With a non-treated (NT) Cu electrode, the confirmatory experiments showed a 79.81% increase in MRR, an 18.99% decrease in EWR, and a 0.89% improvement in AI. For the CT Cu electrode, MRR increased by 85.48%, EWR decreased by 32.90%, and AI improved by 0.53% when using optimal processing parameters. This study demonstrates the potential for significant environmental and performance benefits in EDM by reusing WCO and optimizing electrode treatments.

Permeabilization of Calendula officinalis L. hairy root cultures for the release of accumulated triterpenoid saponins

Triterpenoid saponins, which are glycosidic derivatives of oleanolic acid, demonstrate numerous pharmacological properties. The hairy root cultures of marigold accumulate these phytoanticipins mainly in vacuoles, which may contain up to 40% of the triterpene glycosides synthesized in the cytoplasm. Dimethyl sulfoxide, Tween 20 (T20), Tween 80 (T80), and Triton X-100 (Tx100) were used as potential surfactants, allowing for an increase in the release of saponin into the culture medium. T20 at concentrations of 0.3–1.0% (v/v) caused a higher saponin content in the liquid medium, from 52 to 61 times for CH9, 15 to 22 times higher for CC16, and seven to twelve times higher for CH2, compared to the respective control cultures. DMSO was efficient toward the CC16 line, providing a 3–7 times higher saponin content for 0.5% and 1.0% (v/v) surfactant concentrations, respectively. The suitability of Triton X-100 for triterpenoid saponin could not be determined with the method used in this experiment, and there was a serious contamination of the analyzed samples. The ultrasound method accelerated surfactant action, and only for the CH9 line did it result in an increase in the secretion of glycosides to almost three-fold in the case of T80 and over two-fold in the case of T20. The conditions that were least harmful for the roots were: ultrasound, Tween 80, and T80 interacting with US. The permeabilized cultures, after 30 days of growth in the new medium, obtained fresh biomasses similar to the control or a reduction by the maximum of one-fifth for CH9. For the second line (CC16), the growth parameters were reduced twice. Polyoxoethylene sorbitan monolaurate was found to be the most powerful surfactant, and a proposed concentration and time of action allowed for culture viability only for the CC16 line. The young parts of the root tips generated a new culture, with the growth being reduced by 77% (FW) and 82% (DW).

Phase behavior and rheology of the sucrose laurate/sorbitan mono-laurate (Span 20)/water pseudo-ternary system

In order to develop a lamellar liquid crystal system consisting of temperature-insensitive and mild non-ionic surfactants, we construct the phase diagram of sucrose laurate (L1695)/sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20)/water pseudo-ternary systems at 25 ℃ based on the direct visual inspection and polarized microscopy. In contrast to the phase diagrams of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers and co-surfactant mixtures reported in relevant studies, the single-phase region of the liquid crystalline phase in sucrose laurate (L1695)/sorbitan monolaurate (Span 20)/water pseudo-ternary systems is shown to be narrower. Moreover, the liquid crystal phase behaviors of the sucrose laurate/sorbitan mono-laurate (Span 20)/water pseudo-ternary systems are examined in depth applying cryo-SEM, X-ray scattering measurements, rheological test and low field NMR experiments. In the abovementioned aqueous systems with a L1695 to Span 20 mass ratio (between 53.9: 46.1 and 43.3:56.7), sucrose mono-laurate combines with a certain number of sorbitan monolaurate molecules to form a single lamellar liquid crystalline phase. Furthermore, the present experimental results as well as their analysis could give the quantitative playground for the interaction between sugar-based surfactants in aqueous system, which has rarely been investigated compared with the phase behavior of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers in aqueous solution.

Stability, Irritation Property and Anti-aging Clinical Evaluation of Hydroethanolic Dimocarpus longan Leaf Extract-Loaded Niosomes

This study aimed to develop hydroethanolic Dimocarpus longan leaf extract (HDLE)-loaded niosomes for enhancing polyphenols’ stability and efficiency for cosmeceutical applications. Moreover, its irritation property was clinically evaluated. HDLE was loaded into niosomes of cholesterol, sorbitan laurate, and polysorbate 20 at a 1:1:1.5 molar ratio. The suitable extract-loaded capacity was 0.5% (w/w), which provided the percentage of entrapment efficiencies of gallic acid, ethyl gallate and ellagic acid at 37.77 ± 0.93, 49.76 ± 0.20, and 62.85 ± 1.55, respectively. The HDLE-loaded niosomes showed a unilamellar structure under a transmission electron microscope. The particle size range was 255.45-356.15 nm with a low polydispersity index at initial and after storage for three months. The remaining percentage of gallic acid, ethyl gallate and ellagic acid in HDLE-loaded niosomes at all storage temperatures after three months was significantly higher than in the solution. HDLE-loaded niosomes presented no irritation effect on the chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs). The serum containing HDLE-loaded niosomes showed no irritation by the 4-hr human patch test. After applying twice daily for 60 days of water-based serum containing the HDLE-loaded niosomes compared with a placebo and untreated skin on different areas of forearms, the result demonstrated that HDLE-loaded niosomes serum was significantly effective in skin moisturization, elasticity induction and wrinkle reduction. In conclusion, due to their efficacy and safety, HDLE-loaded niosomes can be used for cosmetic applications.

Enhancing the Mickering emulsifying capacity of agarose microgels by complexation with microamounts of sorbitan monolaurate (Tween-20)

Abstract Using non-amphiphilic polysaccharide to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions is still a challenge in food industry. Polysaccharide microgels showed emulsifying capacity, however, the stability of the formed emulsions is far from the requirements of the food industry. In this work, agarose microgel/Tween-20 suspensions were prepared and further employed in oil-in-water emulsion stabilization. Focuses were taken on the impact of Tween-20 on the emulsifying properties of agarose microgels. Results suggested that Tween-20 could complex with agarose microgels, and microamounts of Tween-20 (0.02 wt%) could apparently improve the emulsifying performance of microgels. Dynamic interfacial pressure and interfacial adsorption of microgels indicated that appropriate amount of Tween-20 (≤0.04 wt%) could benefit the interfacial adsorption of agarose microgels, while excessive Tween-20 (≥0.08 wt%) could compete with agarose microgels for adsorption sites on oil/water interface. Results of this work supporting that surfactant complexing could be a promising solution to prepare polysaccharides based Mickering emulsions.

Effects of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate and Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monolaurate Surfactants on Pristine and Aged Microplastic Removal by Electrocoagulation

Effects of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate and Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monolaurate Surfactants on Pristine and Aged Microplastic Removal by Electrocoagulation

Unveiling the formation capacity of multicomponent oleogels: Performance of lecithin interacting with monostearate derivatives

Oleogels have been explored as fat substitutes due to their healthier composition compared to trans and saturated fats, also presenting interesting technological perspectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the compositional perspective of multicomponent oleogels. Structuring ability of lecithin (LEC) (20 or 90 wt% of phosphatidylcholine – PC) combined with glycerol monostearate (GMS), sorbitan monostearate (SMS) or sucrose monostearate (SAC) in sunflower oil was evaluated from oleogels properties. The thermal and rheological properties, microstructure and stability of the oleogels were affected by the difference in the chemical composition of LEC and the ratio between LEC and different surfactants. Interestingly, low-phosphatidylcholine LEC (L20) performed better, although systems formed with reduced amounts of LEC tended to be softer (LEC-GMS) and present high oil holding capacity (LEC-SMS). The mixtures of LEC and monostearate-based surfactants showed different behaviors, depending on the surfactant polar head. In LEC-GMS systems, LEC hindered the self-assembly of GMS in sunflower oil, compromising mechanical properties and increasing oil release. When combined with SMS, LEC acted as a crystal habit modifier of SMS, forming a more homogeneous microstructure and producing stronger oleogels with greater oil binding capacity. However, above the threshold concentration, LEC prevented SMS self-assembly, resulting in a weaker gel. A positive interaction was found in LEC-SAC formulations in specific ratios, since SAC cannot act as a single oleogelator. Results show the impact of solubility balance played by LEC and fatty-acid derivatives surfactant when combined and used as oleogelators. This knowledge can contribute to a rational perspective in the preparation and modulation of the properties of edible oleogels.

Critical Assessment of Micellar Surface Charge-Dependent Disaggregation and Reaggregation of a Bis-Indole Self-Aggregate: What Should Be Our Case-Dependent Choice?

"Aggregation-caused quenching" is a deep-seated mechanism and has been widely used by the researchers as the possible basis for new sensor development. Contrast to aggregation, its turn around process, disaggregation, has gained much less consideration so far. Unfortunately, study of the further scope for reaggregation of the disaggregated probe assembly in the same solution, as and when required, is still under the rare category. The central theme of the current study is focused on this aspect. For this purpose, the effects of headgroup charge (cationic, anionic, and nonionic) and polarity of the micelles on the degree of disaggregation and subsequent emission amelioration of a synthesized bis-indole derivative, 3,3'-bisindolyl(phenyl)methane (BIPM), are studied using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques. The relative emission yield of BIPM (φf = 0.01) is significantly enhanced in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (φf = 0.21) and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (φf = 0.24), whereas comparatively less emission enhancement is recorded within the sodium dodecyl sulfate system (φf = 0.07). In contrast, addition of an external biophilic agent, uric acid, causes requenching of the enhanced emission because of the reaggregation of the disaggregated probes. Detailed microscopic and calorimetric studies are also adopted to investigate the disaggregation-reaggregation mechanism of BIPM associations. The study will provide prior insights about the use of suitable micellar systems for the required degree of disaggregation as well as for the modulation of emission efficiency by controlled tuning of the disaggregation-reaggregation equilibrium for similar probe associations in pure aqueous medium avoiding any chemical transformation.

Chemical stability of sorbitan monolaurate under highly oxidative electrochemical environments

Chemical stability of sorbitan monolaurate under highly oxidative electrochemical environments

Azithromycin-loaded liposomes and niosomes for the treatment of skin infections: Influence of excipients and preparative methods on the functional properties

The aim of this study was to develop azithromycin (AZT)-loaded liposomes (LP) and niosomes (NS) useful for the treatment of bacterial skin infections and acne. LP based on phosphatidylcholine from egg yolk (EPC) or from soybean lecithin (SPC), and NS composed of sorbitan monopalmitate (Span 40) or sorbitan monostearate (Span 60) were prepared through the thin film hydration (TFH) and the ethanol injection (EI) methods. The formulations were subsequently characterized for their physico-chemical and functional properties. Vesicles prepared through TFH showed higher average sizes than the corresponding formulations obtained by EI. All the vesicles presented adequate encapsulation efficiency and a negative ζ potential, which assured good stability during the storage period (except for LP-SPC). Formulations prepared with TFH showed a more prolonged AZT release than those prepared through EI, due to their lower surface area and multilamellar structure, as confirmed by atomic force microscopy nanomechanical characterization. Finally, among all the formulations, NS-Span 40-TFH and LP-EPC-TFH allowed the highest drug accumulation in the skin, retained the antimicrobial activity and did not alter fibroblast metabolism and viability. Overall, they could ensure to minimize the dosing and the administration frequency, thus representing promising candidates for the treatment of bacterial skin infections and acne.

Effect of surfactants on the interfacial viscoelasticity and stability of silk fibroin at different oil-water interfaces.

The biocompatible amphiphilic silk fibroin, extracted from domesticated silkworms, can adsorb at the oil-water interface and form elastic interfacial layers. In this study, three surfactants (cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, the nonionic polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, and the anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate) were selected to investigate, through interfacial shear rheology, the influences of surfactants on the interfacial viscoelasticity and stability of silk fibroin at the interfaces between water and two different oils. The presence of surfactant prolongs the equilibration time and enhances the interfacial elastic modulus and toughness of the interfacial silk fibroin layers, especially at the nonpolar dodecane-water interface. However, when the surfactant exceeds a critical concentration, the shear modulus and stability of interfacial silk fibroin layers begin to decrease due to the competitive adsorption of surfactant molecules and the weakening of the protein network. Owing to electrostatic interactions, the ionic surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate can form more hydrophobic complexes with silk fibroin, which results in higher shear moduli than for silk fibroin and silk fibroin-polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate mixture. Both the surfactant type and oil polarity play important roles in the adsorption, shear viscoelasticity, and stability of silk fibroin at the oil-water interface. Enhanced interactions between a silk fibroin-surfactant mixture and the oil phase delay the equilibration of the adsorption layers but strengthen the stability of interfacial layers. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

Insight into molecular structures and dynamical properties of niosome bilayers containing melatonin molecules: a molecular dynamics simulation approach.

Niosomes represent vesicular carriers capable of encapsulating both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs within their inner core or bilayer shell. They are typically composed of non-ionic synthetic surfactants such as sorbitan monostearate (Span60) with the addition of cholesterol (Chol). The physical properties and stability of niosomal vesicles strongly depend on the composition of their bilayers, which plays a significant role in determining the efficiency of drug encapsulation and release in drug delivery systems. In this study, we have explored the interactions between melatonin (Mel) molecules and the niosome bilayer, as well as their resulting physical properties. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate melatonin-inserted niosome bilayers, both with and without the inclusion of cholesterol. The simulation results revealed that cholesterol notably influences the location of melatonin molecules within the niosome bilayers. In the absence of cholesterol, melatonin tends to occupy the region around the Span60 tail groups. However, in the presence of cholesterol, melatonin is found in the vicinity of the Span60 head groups. Melatonin molecules in niosome bilayers without cholesterol exhibit a more ordered orientation when compared to those in bilayers containing 50 mol% cholesterol. The bilayer structure of the Span60/Mel and Span60/Chol/Mel systems exhibited a liquid-disordered phase (Ld). In contrast, the Span60/Chol bilayer system displays a liquid-ordered phase (Lo) with less fluidity. This study reveals that melatonin induces a disorderly bilayer structure and greater lateral expansion, whereas cholesterol induces an orderly bilayer structure and a more condensed effect. Cholesterol plays a crucial role in condensing the bilayer structure with stronger interactions between Span60 and cholesterol. The addition of 50 mol% cholesterol in the Span60 bilayers not only enhances the stability and rigidity of niosomes but also facilitates the easier release of melatonin from the bilayer membranes. This finding is particularly valuable in the context of preparing niosomes for drug delivery systems.

Synergistic effect of Tween 20 and TESPT compatibilizers on the performance characteristics of latex imprinted silica-reinforced green tyre tread formulation

The present study has a prime goal to develop a green tyre tread formulation with enhanced performance characteristics including low rolling resistance, improved wet grip, low heat build-up and enhanced mechanical properties which are essential for a high-performance tyre tread compound. A base formulation of natural rubber/polybutadiene (NR/BR) blend with minimum carbon filler was formulated initially without compromising the physical properties much by balancing the properties by incorporating precipitated silica. Enhanced surface area for silica was obtained through the latex imprinting method which had an ultimate effect on the interaction between the matrix macromolecules and filler particles positively. Further, ENR was used as a compatibilizing agent to upgrade physical properties in terms of 20% improvement in tensile and around 10% improvement in tear strength. Additional improvement in physical as well as rolling resistance performance was achieved via the incorporation of coupling agents including TESPT and polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20). Apart from the improvement in mechanical properties, rolling resistance and heat build-up properties are promising for the final tyre tread formulation as both the values tend to reduce considerably by 35% and 63% respectively concerning the base formulation.

Effect of stearic and oleic acid-based lipophilic emulsifiers on the crystallization of the fat blend and the stability of whipped cream.

Effect of stearic acid-based lipophilic emulsifiers (sorbitan monostearate (Span-60), sucrose ester S-170, and lactic acid esters of monoglycerides (LACTEM)) and oleic acid-based lipophilic emulsifiers (sorbitan monooleate (Span-80) and sucrose ester O-170) on the crystallization of fat blend and the stability of whipped cream were studied. Span-60 and S-170 possessed strong nucleation inducing ability and good emulsifying properties. Thus, tiny and uniform crystals were formed in fat blends, small and ordered fat globules were distributed in emulsions, and air bubbles were effectively wrapped in firmly foam structures. The crystallization of the fat blend and the stability of whipped cream were slightly modified by LACTEM due to its poor nucleation inducing ability and moderate emulsifying characteristic. Span-80 and O-170 had weak nucleation inducing ability and poor emulsifying properties, therefore, loose crystals were formed in fat blends and some big fat globules were separated in emulsions, thereby decreasing the stability of whipped creams.

Surfactant mediated silver synthesis: Influence of surfactant molecular structure on the size and shape of silver particles

The current work employs non-ionic surfactants polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether (Triton X-114) and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20) as capping agents for synthesizing silver particles. Formation of icosahedrons and Wulff polyhedrons are thermodynamically preferable for FCC silver, and anisotropic morphologies such as triangular/hexagonal platelets are less likely. Yet, with the use of Triton X-114, appreciable quantity of platelets is obtained. Beyond the molar ratio of 2.5 (Triton X-114: AgNO3), only anisotropic particles are identified. It is believed that preferential adsorption of the surfactant inhibits crystal growth along 〈111〉 direction. Instead, the particles grow along the edges of the hexagonal/triangular plates. In contrast, the use of Tween 20 yielded silver (nano)particles with spherical shape. The presence of multiple polymeric chains in the Tween 20 molecule exhibits strong interaction with the silver particles by restricting growth along multiple facets. These observations indicate the significant role of the molecular structure of capping agents in determining particle size and morphology.

Unveiling Coformulants in Plant Protection Products by LC-HRMS Using a Polyhydroxy Methacrylate Stationary Phase.

A polyhydroxy methacrylate-based stationary reversed phase was used for the determination of coformulants in 20 plant protection products (PPPs). These samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to Q-Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS) in full-scan MS and data-dependent acquisition (ddMS2) modes. A total of 92 coformulants were tentatively identified in these formulations by nontargeted and unknown analyses. Twelve out of them were quantified by analytical standards. The most concentrated coformulant was the anionic surfactant dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, whose highest content was obtained in the Score 25 sample (6.87%, w/v). Furthermore, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 4-s-butyl-2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 1-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, sorbitan monostearate, 2,6-dimethylaniline, palmitamide, and N-lauryldiethanolamine were quantified for the first time in these products. Hence, the polyhydroxy methacrylate-based stationary phase increased the identification of new coformulants in PPPs, being complementary to conventional C18. This strategy could be applied in future studies to estimate potential coformulant residues from PPPs applied to crops.

Development of an Emulsion Gel Containing Peanut Sprout Oil as a Fat Replacer in Muffins: Physicochemical, Tomographic, and Texture Properties.

Peanut sprouts are known to increase their resveratrol content during germination, leading to cultivation in smart farms. Recently, peanut sprout oil extraction and sales have gained traction; however, processed foods utilizing peanut sprout oil have yet to be developed. In this study, water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion gels were structured with water, peanut sprout oil (PSO), sorbitan monostearate (SMS), and candelilla wax (CW) in different ratios, and their potential as shortening substitutes in muffins was evaluated on physicochemical and sensory properties. PSO comprised 67% unsaturated fatty acids and had higher phospholipid (17.97%) and resveratrol (15.95 µg/L) contents and antioxidant activity (71.52%) compared to peanut oil. The PSO emulsion gels were physically structured without changing their chemical compositions. The SMS and CW ratios were found to have a significant influence on the textural properties, solid fat content, rheology, and crystallization of the emulsion gels. The viscoelastic properties of the emulsion gels showed a higher storage modulus than loss modulus and increased with increasing gelator content. Muffins prepared with emulsion gels were characterized by a harder texture and larger pore size, while in the case of muffins mixed with a ratio of 25% SMS and 75% CW, there was no significant difference in overall preference of sensory evaluation compared to shortening muffins. Thus, these findings reveal the potential utility of PSO as a fat substitute and indicate that W/O emulsion gels are suitable for producing muffins without a loss of quality.

Preparation of ultrastable oil-in-water emulsion as a robust superwettable and sustainable concrete release agent

Release agents are compounds that are applied on the surface of moulds to create a thin film that acts as a barrier to prevent adhesion. Water-based release agents are especially preferred during the formulation due to their eco-friendly nature and less toxicity. In this work, we present a facile fabrication of a novel wax-free oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion-based release agent as a sustainable and efficient commercial product for the proficient removal of concrete from mould. The newly formulated O/W release agent was synergistically stabilized by the combination of Sorbitan monostearate (span-60) and Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) from 0.6% to 4.0% surfactant concentrations. The surfactant ratio (1:1) was optimized as best based on the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB). Firstly, physical parameters such as high/shear speed (12000 rpm), oil/water ratio (60:40), temperature (55 °C), and high/shear time (10 min) were optimized. Afterward, the performance and chemical properties of the O/W release agent were investigated by monitoring surface morphology, density, viscosity, contact angle, droplet size, and pH. The new O/W release agent achieved excellent results during on-site trials on iron mould surfaces indicating the promising potential in the construction industry.