Sulfolane Solvent Research Articles

Antitachycardiac Effect of OPC-8212, a Novel Cardiotonic Agent, on Tachycardiac Responses of Guinea Pig Isolated Right Atria to Isoproterenol and Histamine

In isolated right atria of guinea pigs, OPC-8212 produced a concentration-dependent decrease in spontaneous beating rate that had previously been elevated by isoproterenol or histamine in the presence of nadolol. OPC-8212 scarcely affected the baseline rate, however, OPC-8212 depressed the maximum increase in right atrial rate induced by isoproterenol or histamine in the presence of nadolol. These effects of OPC-8212 were discernible from the effects of its solvent sulfolane. We propose the term "antitachycardiac" to describe such effects of OPC-8212 to distinguish it from those of bradycardic agents. When the concentration-response curves of isoproterenol or histamine for positive chronotropy were normalized, these curves were shifted in a parallel way to the left with OPC-8212, indicating that OPC-8212 retains activity as a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor. The virtual absence of the chronotropic effect of OPC-8212 on the baseline rate and the antitachycardiac effect are discussed in terms of the opposing effects in increasing the inward calcium current on one hand and in decreasing the outward potassium and the inward current activated by hyperpolarization on the other.

The Hammett substituent constants and effects of medium

The dissociation constants measured earlier for 35 substituted benzoic acids in seven solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, sulfolane, and acetone) have been submitted to the principal components analysis and the factor analysis to produce sets of the Hammett substituent constants. The solvent effects have been evaluated on the dissociation constants of the substituted benzoic acids and, hence, also on the respective substituent constants. He differences have been compared between the substituent constants determined by the principal components analysis and by the factor analysis, the latter being found to be more suitable. The obtained sets of substituent constants have been confronted with literature data, and an excellent agreement has been found between the σ constants derived from the measurements in water with the sets of primary substituent constants and some other sets.

Reactivite comparee des perfluoroiodoalcanes (R FI) et des perfluoroalcoyl-2 iodo-1 ethanes (R FCH 2I) en presence de couple metalique zinc-cuivre dans un solvant dissociant particulier : le sulfolane (R F C nF 2n+1, n pair)

Reactivity of perfluoroalkyl iodides (R FI) and perfluoroalkyl-2 iodide-1 ethanes (R FCH 2CH 2I), in the presence of a zinc-copper couple, in a particular dissociating solvent, “the sulfolane”, is described. R FI and R FCH 2CH 2I react via an organometallic route to give perfluoro-organozinc compounds. Then, R FCH 2CH 2I react with the sulfolane solvent. In this case, a diperfluoroalkyl-2 ethyl-1 sulfone (R FCH 2CH 2) 2SO 2 is obtained.

Laser‐initiated polymerization of charge‐transfer monomer systems

AbstractThe laser‐initiated polymerization of charge‐transfer monomer complexes was investigated with a pulsed nitrogen laser and an argon laser. Several donor‐acceptor monomer charge‐transfer systems were screened for polymerization in different solvents. Polymerization by laser initiation was achieved in two of these systems; that is, 2‐vinylnaphthalene/fumaronitrile and 9‐vinylanthracene/fumaronitrile. The best polymer yields were obtained with the 2‐vinylnaphthalene/fumaronitrile system in sulfolane solvent. The influences on the polymer yield and composition of solvents, varying focal path length, glass conditioning, initiation sources, environment, and monomer feed ratios were evaluated. Infrared (IR) spectral studies, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and chemical analyses were performed to characterize the polymer products arising from the polymerization of 2‐vinylnaphthalene/fumaronitrile in sulfolane. The polymer contained a high percentage of sulfolane (ca. 1/3 mol fraction), presumably arising from solvent transfer to the growing polymer chains during the propagation phase of the polymerization.

ChemInform Abstract: SPECTROELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF THE REDUCTION OF BENZALDEHYDE AND P‐CYANO‐ AND P‐PHENYLBENZALDEHYDE IN SULFOLANE

Spectroelectrochemical investigations are presented for the reduction of benzaldehyde and p-cyano- and p-phenylbenzaldehyde in the solvent sulfolane. Two reduction intermediates were observed for the p-cyanobenzaldehyde reduction. One intermediate was the radical anion which was consumed in a dimerization reaction, k/sub 2/ = 85--88 M/sup -1/ s/sup -1/. The other intermediate was the electrochemically inactive complex between the radical anion and the unreduced parent. The verification of this complexation clarifies previous voltammetric studies of this type of reduction mechanism.

Spectroelectrochemical investigations of the reduction of benzaldehyde and p-cyano- and p-phenylbenzaldehyde in sulfolane

Spectroelectrochemical investigations are presented for the reduction of benzaldehyde and p-cyano- and p-phenylbenzaldehyde in the solvent sulfolane. Two reduction intermediates were observed for the p-cyanobenzaldehyde reduction. One intermediate was the radical anion which was consumed in a dimerization reaction, k/sub 2/ = 85--88 M/sup -1/ s/sup -1/. The other intermediate was the electrochemically inactive complex between the radical anion and the unreduced parent. The verification of this complexation clarifies previous voltammetric studies of this type of reduction mechanism.