Amount Of Solvent Research Articles

Assessment of Scalable Fractionation Methodologies to Produce Concentrated Lauric Acid from Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Fat

In the present study, different methodologies with potential scalability and environmental friendliness, such as winterization, supercritical fluid extraction, and multistage distillation, were evaluated for lauric acid concentration. In all cases, to facilitate fractionation, the transformation of triacylglycerols into free fatty acids or fatty acid ethyl esters was required as a previous step. For the winterization experimental assays, the amount and type of solvent was studied, resulting in a product containing ~65% lauric acid with a recovery of ~81% using a 1:10 oil-to-solvent ratio with hexane. On the other hand, the experimental extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide in a counter current packed column at 55 °C, 115 bar, and 70 g CO2/min, resulted in a product composed of ~80% lauric acid as ethyl ester with a recovery of ~85%. Finally, flash and multistage distillation were analysed using process simulation (Aspen Plus V14), demonstrating that this methodology can achieve 80% recovery with high purity (lauric acid: 96.7%; ethyl laurate: 97.4%), but a high vacuum is required to prevent thermal degradation of the product (lauric acid: 0.2 mbar; ethyl laurate: 1.1 mbar). Overall, the employed methodologies proved highly efficient in concentrating lauric acid, yielding a product of commercial interest and high added value.

Optimisation of parameters for the extraction of β-amylase from sweet potato via liquid biphasic floatation

This study explores the application of liquid biphasic flotation (LBF) for the extraction of β-amylase from sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), aiming to provide a greener and more sustainable alternative to traditional extraction methods. The LBF method combines solvent sublation with liquid biphasic systems, offering potential advantages in terms of energy-efficient extraction, reduced environmental impact, and improved resource efficiency. Experimental investigations were conducted to assess the effects of salt concentration, solvent amount, and flotation time on β-amylase extraction efficiency and separation performance. Results indicate that optimal conditions for β-amylase extraction were achieved at a salt concentration of 0.3 g/mL, a solvent amount of 60 mL, and a flotation time of 15 minutes with a salt/solvent combination of trisodium citrate and tert-butanol. These optimal conditions resulted in an amylase yield of 18.29%, with a separation efficiency of 0.06% and a purification factor of 291.90. Comparative analysis with liquid biphasic systems (LBS) revealed that the LBF method provided higher efficiency and yield, contributing to more sustainable practices in enzyme extraction. The LBF method shows promise due to its improved performance and potential for reducing the environmental footprint of industrial processes, supporting both innovation and environmental sustainability. This research also studied the effect of various parameters on phase formation and separation efficiency, offering a more thorough understanding of the LBF system that can be applied to future studies with broader sustainability goals.

Experimental Design Utilizing Mixed Micellar Monolithic Liquid Chromatography and Ethanol for Rapid Simultaneous Determination of Four Antipsoriatics: A Blue–Green Approach

ABSTRACTUtilizing chromatography with green chemistry principles helps minimize harm to people and the environment. Since its recent release, the new combination of tazarotene (TAZ) and halobetasol propionate has gained popularity. Crisaborole (CRB) has recently also shown potential for treating psoriasis and can be coformulated with drugs like TAZ and anthralin. Currently, no method has been reported for the simultaneous determination of these drugs. In addition, an environmentally friendly high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for any of them has yet to be developed. The challenge arises mainly due to TAZ's strong retention on reversed phase (RP) columns, which prompts the use of high amounts of organic solvent. To develop a green isocratic HPLC‐photodiode array (PDA) method, the central composite and Box–Behnken quality‐by‐design approaches were employed to study the impact of various factors and their interactions on multiple responses. Since TAZ could not be eluted using micellar phases alone, ethanol was selected as an organic modifier due to its accessibility, environmental friendliness, and limited studies on its use in micellar HPLC. The separation was achieved using a mobile phase of 0.01 M Brij‐35, 0.143 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and 0.015 M ammonium acetate (pH 4.95): ethanol (83:17, v/v) at a 1.5 mL/min flow rate. The method utilized the monolithic Chromolith performance RP‐C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm × 5µm) at 40°C with a run time less than 10 min. The linear range established was (3.00–150.00 µg/mL) with limits of detection (0.59–0.78 µg/mL) and quantification (1.79–2.37 µg/mL). The proposed method was applied to different dosage forms (ointment, cream, lotion) after optimizing a microextraction procedure with recoveries > 98.5%. It scored 0.7 on analytical greenness (AGREE), 76 on modified Green Analytical Procedure Index (MoGAPI), and 82.5 on Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI). Comparing these scores with reported methods underlines the value of incorporating a scoring system into GAPI and evaluating methods from the blue and green perspectives.

Carbon fiber tow incorporated with carbon slurry for structural power composite electrodes

Abstract Structural power composites are multifunctional materials that store electrical energy while supporting mechanical loads. Herein, we present mechanically robust and electrochemically high-performance electrodes for structural power composites, achieved by incorporating a carbon slurry into a carbon fiber tow. The carbon slurry consisted of activated carbon as the active material for electrochemical double-layer charging, carbon black as the electrical path, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the binder that are typical components used in double-layer supercapacitors. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was used as the solvent. The composition of the carbon slurry was adjusted to evaluate the bond strength between the electrode materials and carbon fibers using peel tests, followed by evaluation of the specific capacitance per unit weight of the corresponding electrode materials using cyclic voltammetry. The carbon fiber electrodes were fabricated by adjusting the amount of the NMP solvent in the slurry to ensure a high electrode material content while achieving uniform infiltration and coating of the slurry components within the carbon fiber tow. The electrodes were used to fabricate structural supercapacitors by coating them with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel electrolytes containing potassium acetate and then sandwiching two such electrodes. The fabricated supercapacitors exhibited a specific capacitance of 24 F/g and a tensile strength of ~390 MPa. In addition, series and parallel connections of the supercapacitors were demonstrated to demonstrate the scalability of the electrodes in terms of voltage and power output.

N-Heterocyclic Carbene Deposition on a Copper Powder Surface Using Mechanochemistry.

Metal powders are crucial precursors for manufacturing surfaces through thermal spraying, cold spraying, and 3D printing methods. However, surface oxidation of these precursors poses a challenge to the coherence of the metallic materials during manufacturing processes. Herein, we introduce a method for surface modification of copper powder with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) using mechanochemistry to mitigate surface oxidation. A resonant acoustic mixer was used to deposit five different carbenes on copper powders using benzimidazolium hydrogen carbonate precursors and a trace amount of solvent. Significant oxide reduction was observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the immobilization of NHCs on the powder was confirmed by mass spectrometry and XPS. The consistent morphology of the modified copper powder minimizes any potential impact on subsequent manufacturing processes. Moreover, a life cycle assessment indicates the potential environmental hotspots, leading to recommendations to develop lower-footprint processes. Overall, the mechanochemical method to produce NHC-modified metal powders with a higher metallic content provides great prospects for powder precursors to produce coatings from thermal spray, cold spray, and additive manufacturing processes.

Smart Stimuli-responsive Nanogels: A Potential Tool for Targeted Drug Delivery.

Nanogels (NGs) are presently the focus of extensive research because of their special qualities, including minimal particle size, excellent encapsulating efficacy, and minimizing the breakdown of active compounds. As a result, NGs are great candidates for drug delivery systems. Cross-linked nanoparticles (NPs) called stimulus-responsive NGs are comprised of synthetic, natural, or a combination of natural and synthetic polymers. These NPs can swell in response to large amounts of solvent, but their structural makeup prevents them from dissolving. Furthermore, in response to (i) physical stimuli like temperatures, ion strength, and magnetized or electrical fields; (ii) chemical stimuli like the pH level, molecules, or ions; (iii) biological stimuli like the enzymatic substrate or affinity ligand, they transform into a hard particle (collapsed form) from a polymer solution (swell form). Over the past decade, there has been a major advancement in the creation of "smart" NGs in applications related to therapeutics and diagnosis, involving nucleic acid and intracellular drug delivery, photodynamic/photothermal treatment, biological imaging, and its detection. The nanogels reviewed in this article rely only on temperatures, pH, light, magnetic fields, and combinations of those variables. Developing a targeted delivery vehicle will greatly benefit from the presented information, especially when used for Core-shell multi-sensitive photo-sensitive nanogels.

Nanoization of Technical Pesticides: Facile and Smart Pesticide Nanocapsules Directly Encapsulated through "On Site" Metal-Polyphenol Coordination Assembly for Improved Efficacy and Biosafety.

Facile pesticide nanocapsules were successfully prepared by directly encapsulating the antisolvent precipitation of pesticides through instantaneous "on site" coordination assembly of tannic acid and Fe3+, avoiding tedious preparation, time consumption, and large amounts of organic solvents. The pesticide nanocapsules showed excellent resistance to ultraviolet photolysis and rainwater washing owing to the nanocapsule walls. The smart pesticide nanocapsules exhibited the controlled release of pesticides under multidimensional stimuli, such as acidic/alkaline pH, glutathione, H2O2, phytic acid, laccase, tannase, and sunlight, which were related to the physiological and natural environments of crops, pests, and pathogens. The tebuconazole nanocapsules not only enhanced the fungicidal activity against Fusarium graminearum and effective control efficacy in wheat powdery mildew through foliar spray and seed coating, but also improved the biosafety of target plant growth and nontarget organisms. The facile, smart, efficient, safe, and green pesticide nanocapsules using the universal strategy have broad application prospects in ecoagriculture.

Rapid and Simple Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) Sample Preparation for Propofol Analysis in Hair, Blood, and Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.

Propofol is a widely used anesthetic. Although considered safe, propofol-related deaths occur, as it is sometimes abused recreationally or used to commit suicide. A simple, rapid, and reliable method for its analysis in various biological samples is needed. Sample clean-up is a critical step in the analysis, both in terms of time and cost, indeed. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a simple and fast extraction based on ternary solvent mixtures that uses small volumes of solvent and sample. A DLLME extraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was developed and validated for the analysis of propofol in blood, urine, and hair. The same extraction mixture of 2.5:1 methanol/chloroform was used for the different biological samples. Validation for linearity, LOD, LOQ, precision, accuracy, and recovery gave satisfactory results for the three types of biological samples included in the study, with limits of quantification of 1 μg/mL for urine, 0.2 μg/mL for blood, and 0.1 ng/mg for hair. The DLLME procedure for purification involves a small amount of solvent, thus reducing the cost and the environmental impact. In addition, a high enrichment factor is obtained, and the time for analysis is short. The method was applied to authentic post-mortem samples for the determination of propofol in blood, urine, and hair. Also, segmental hair analysis was performed to assess chronic propofol abuse. The developed method proved to be rapid, simple, and cost-effective for blood, urine, and hair extract clean-up for the determination of propofol by GC/MS.

Multifunctional Crown Ether Additive Regulates Desolvation Process to Achieve Highly Reversible Zinc‐Metal Batteries

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries have garnered significant attention due to their abundant materials, low production costs, and safety. However, these batteries suffer from severe side reactions, which are closely associated with the presence of a substantial amount of solvent at the electrode surfaces. Herein, 1,4,7,10,13,16‐hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18‐crown‐6) is added to the electrolyte to illustrate both theoretically and experimentally its contribution to the rapid desolvation aspect. It is shown that the addition of 18‐crown‐6 to the electrolyte greatly facilitates the desolvation of the solvated structure and prevents the collection of solvent molecules on the surface of zinc anode, thus inhibiting the hydrogen precipitation reaction. It also enhances the transference number of zinc ions, which makes the interfacial electric field on the zinc anode stable and thus promotes the orderly diffusion and uniform nucleation of Zn2+, and inhibits the growth of dendrites. As a result, the electrolyte containing 18‐crown‐6 as additives shows a stable cycle life, Zn||Zn symmetric cell is cycled for nearly 1700 h at 1 mA cm−2, showing a significant improvement in Coulombic efficiency. The assembled Zn||NH4V4O10 cell exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, reaching a capacity of 100.9 mAh g−1 even after 4000 cycles at 10.0 A g−1.

Determination of Flavonoid Content in Brazilian Propolis Extracts by UV-Vis Spectroscopy and PLS Regression

Background: The determination of flavonoid content in propolis is very important because these substances are assigned various biological properties present in propolis and their content is regulated by Brazilian legislation. The spectrophotometric method, based on the formation of a yellow complex between Al(III) and carbonyl and hydroxyl groups of flavonoids, is the most used to determine flavonoid content but is time-consuming (only after one hour the absorbance of the solutions can be read) and reagents. Objective: This work proposes a simple method to determine flavonoid content using UV-Vis and Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression. Methods: A robust PLS spectrophotometric method for the quantification of flavonoids in propolis, based on spectra of ethanol-diluted samples, was developed and a complete validation was done in this model, estimating several figures of merit. Results: The model built proved to be very effective, showing good results for flavonoid content, with a range of 0.06 to 1.50 %mass, providing root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.05 %mass. Conclusion: This proposed model has the advantage of being less laborious and faster, involves a small amount of solvents, is an alternative to routine analysis, and can be used as a screening method.

One-step preparation of anisotropic snowman-like poly(ionic liquid) microspheres via microwave-assisted dispersion polymerization

We reported a one-step microwave-assisted dispersion polymerization method to prepare snowman-like PIL microspheres whose morphology can be adjusted by the amounts of monomer, DVB, initiator, solvent and microwave radiation temperature and mode.

Sustainable and solvent-free synthesis of molecules of pharmaceutical importance by ball milling.

The solvent-free mechanochemical reactions under ball milling have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional solution-based chemistry. This approach not only eliminates the necessity for large quantities of solvents and minimizes waste production, but it also facilitates a unique reaction environment that enables strategies, reactions, and compound syntheses that are typically unattainable in solution. This solvent-less synthetic strategy under ball-milling has been well employed in synthetic organic chemistry in accessing various potential organic molecules including pharmaceutically important molecules and pharmaceuticals or drug-molecules. This review highlights the potential of ball milling in the synthesis of pharmaceutically important classes of molecules without using any solvent (solvent-free conditions).

Determination of Puberulic Acid in Monascus-Fermented Red Yeast Rice by LC-MS/MS Combined with Precolumn Derivatization.

Puberulic acid (PA) is a mycotoxin produced by a species of Penicillium. It has received widespread attention as a significant contributor to the reported fatalities associated with red yeast rice dietary supplements. However, the detection of PA, especially at low concentration levels, poses a considerable challenge, with no detection methods reported thus far. Here, we present a simple and sensitive derivatization-based LC-MS/MS method, requiring no purification processes, for determination of PA in the red yeast rice. The methylating derivatization with trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSCHN2) was performed to enhance its analytical performance. To achieve optimal detection sensitivity, the amount of solvent and TMSCHN2 for the derivatization reaction, along with the reaction time, were individually optimized. Moreover, sample extraction solvent was carefully chosen to improve recoveries in real sample analyses. Comparatively, the proposed LC-MS/MS method achieved a superior detection sensitivity, over 100-fold higher than that of the liquid chromatography method. A good linear relationship within the concentration range of 5 ng/mL to 200 ng/mL (with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.99952) was demonstrated by the method validation. The average recovery rate was between 82.2% and 84.2%, and the repeatability (RSD of 2.1% to 10.4%, n = 6) was satisfactory. The derivatized PA remained stable within 48 h. The limit of detection and the limit of quantification could reach 2 μg/kg and 50 μg/kg, respectively. As a result, the method was successfully applied to detect PA in over 42 batches of the red yeast rice samples. It indicated a low risk of PA contaminations in the red yeast rice products made in China. Furthermore, its application to the other health food products containing red yeast rice demonstrated the applicability of the established method.

A Convenient and Highly Efficient Strategy for Esterification of Poly (γ-Glutamic Acid) with Alkyl Halides at Room Temperature.

The presented work discusses the highly efficient esterification of poly (γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) with alkyl halides at room temperature. The esterification reaction was completed within 3 h, and the prepared γ-PGA esters were obtained with excellent yields (98.6%) when 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) was used as a promoter. The influence of the amount of TMG, solvent, reaction conditions, and alkyl halides on the esterification reaction was examined. It was found that polar aprotic solvents, such as N-Methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI), were favorable for the esterification. Non-polar or weakly polar solvents (i.e., dichloroethane, acetonitrile) were not favorable for the esterification. Water as a solvent had a negative effect on esterification. The reactivity of bromine halogenated compounds was higher than that of chlorine halogenated compounds but lower than that of iodine halogenated compounds. The structures of the prepared γ-PGA ester were confirmed by 1H NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy. Thermal stability and hydrophobic properties of the resulting product were tested. The results showed that the prepared γ-PGA propyl ester had high thermal stability (up to 267 °C) and showed good hydrophobicity (contact angle 118.7°).

Application of Microwave for Core Plug Cleaning

Rock extraction is a particularly major step for the preparation of rock samples for core analysis, it can be performed by many traditional techniques like Soxhlet, centrifuge, and flooding system. In this study, a new technique was suggested for core cleaning by microwave. New experiments were conducted as part of this research project, focusing on the cleaning of several types of core plugs under different conditions such as temperature and solvent volume. Additionally, the goal was to extract hydrocarbons from naturally saturated reservoir rocks that had been prepared for standard testing. These findings were then compared with the conventional method of cleaning samples using an organic solvent, specifically toluene. The experiments successfully employed microwave technology for the cleaning process, effectively optimizing key variables including time, temperature, energy, and solvent quantity. The operational duration was set at 3 hours per day, using 20 ml of solvent, following numerous trials and iterations. This method allowed for the extraction of crude oil from 36 plug samples while achieving complete cleanliness of the rocks. Conducting porosity tests before and after the cleaning procedures showed the absence of any damage to the rock samples. Notably, there was an observed alteration in granular size within an acceptable range of 0.02 to 0.6. Further analyses were conducted, including gas chromatography and infrared analysis, both of which indicated that microwaves had no adverse effect on the crude oil extracted. Conclusively, the use of microwaves in the cleaning of rocks appears as a harmless, economically viable, environmentally friendly technique. The feasibility of this method was proved at the laboratory level, showcasing its potential for wider application.

Controlling Poly(3-hexythiophene) Hierarchical Polymer/SWCNT Nanohybrid Shish-Kebab Morphologies in Marginal Solvents

In organic optoelectronic devices, the self-assembly behavior of the conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) into structured aggregates significantly influences the device’s performance, with processing conditions playing a key role. Incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a P3HT solution can form hierarchical supramolecular structures known as nanohybrid shish-kebabs (NHSKs). These structures alter the morphology of polymer aggregates and provide an alternative pathway for improved charge transport in thin film devices. Herein, we investigated the impact of solvent quality using different combinations of chloroform and anisole during the quasi-isothermal crystallization of P3HT:CNTs. We found that NHSKs of different nanowire lengths can be formed through changing solvent quality while maintaining a constant P3HT:SWCNT ratio and a constant SWCNT concentration. Optical absorbance measurements showed that increasing the amount of the good solvent (chloroform) to 10.19% (v/v) reduced the exciton bandwidth by 36.4% compared to the NHSK solution that only contained ~2.37% (v/v). This observation demonstrates the importance of solvent quality and how this processing parameter directly leads to the enhanced crystallization of supramolecular structures.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ИОННОЙ ПРОВОДИМОСТИ СМЕСЕВЫХ КОМПОЗИЦИЙ НА ОСНОВЕ ПВДФ И ГБНК

The paper studies the ways of increasing ionic conductivity of solid polymer electrolytes based on polymer blends of polyvinylidene fluoride and hydrogenated butadiene nitrile rubber with lithium bis(trifle-orosulfonyl)imide prepared by solution watering method. The influence of polymer matrix composition, polymer molecular weight and amount of residual solvent on the ionic conductivity of the electrolytes has been studied.

DABCO/Amberlyst® 15-Cocatalysed One-Pot Three-Component Aza-Morita–Baylis–Hillman Reaction Under Green Conditions

The one-pot multicomponent aza-Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) reaction was performed under green conditions using 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and Amberlyst® 15 as a co-catalyst, at ambient temperature and under negligible amounts of non-hazardous solvent. A number of α-methylene-β-amino acid derivatives were produced in good to excellent yields from different arylaldehydes, p-toluenesulfonamide and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The environmental benignity of the process is accounted by the low E-factor (0.7) and high atom economy (95%) values obtained.

Promoting the Radical-Mediated Pathway and Li₂S Conversion By N-Doped Carbon-Embedded Cobalt-Doped Titanium Nitride Electrocatalyst with High Donor-Number Solvent for Lean Electrolyte Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are recognized as some of the most promising candidates for next-generation batteries, owing to their high specific capacity, cost-effectiveness, and lightweight properties. Despite these advantages, the dissolution of the sulfur leads to the shuttling effect of long-chain lithium polysulfides (Li2Sx, 4≤x≤8). Moreover, the lean electrolyte system experiences a reduction in ionic transport due to the formation of ion-pairing and clusters of polysulfides. Therefore, the development of electrolytes that can stabilize the solvation structure of lithium-polysulfide and the introduction of electrocatalysts to suppress the shuttling effect are required for lean electrolyte lithium-sulfur batteries.High donor-number solvents can stabilize the Li+-solvated structure by effectively shielding the Li+ ion’s effective nuclear charge. This Li+-solvated structure, in coordination with high donor-number solvents, can effectively interact with tri-sulfur radicals and long-chain polysulfides, which possess relatively delocalized negative charges. As a result, a high donicity electrolyte can enhance sulfur utilization by increasing the solubility of polysulfides. However, the poor compatibility of high donor-number solvents with Li metal presents a challenge, making their excessive use impractical. Therefore, optimizing the amount of high donor-number solvent is essential. Through careful optimization, it is possible to achieve high donicity electrolyte conditions that are compatible with Li metal. The 1 vol% N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMA) in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME)/1,3-dioxolane (DOL) co-solvent (DMA:DME:DOL=1:49.5:49.5 vol%) electrolyte achieved a higher discharge capacity after 20 cycles compared to both a low donicity (DME/DOL, 1:1 vol%) and a high donicity (DMA/DOL, 1:1 vol%) electrolyte. Electrolyte modification alone cannot completely suppress the shuttling effect, as the radical-mediated pathway activated by high donor-number solvent leads to the presence of tri-sulfur radicals. Recent research has investigated the ferromagnetic catalysts to enhance the adsorption of polysulfides through the Lorentz force and facilitate the conversion of Li2S with spin polarization in lithium-sulfur batteries. Introducing ferromagnetism through cobalt-doping into N-doped carbon embedded titanium nitride nanowires electrocatalysts could improve the adsorption of polysulfides and tri-sulfur radicals, as well as their conversion to Li2S and promote radical-mediated pathways with high donor-number solvents in lean electrolyte lithium-sulfur batteries. Consequently, N-doped carbon-embedded cobalt-doped titanium nitride nanowires on separator within the 1 vol% DMA electrolyte achieves a high discharge capacity of 454.8 mA h g−1 after 120 cycles with sulfur loading of 3.6 mg cm−2 and E/S ratio of 10 μL mg−1.

Determination of Flash Point in Gel-Polymer Electrolytes for Their Use in Safe Quasi-Solid Batteries

Gel polymer materials have recently gained significant attention for their use as electrolytes in quasi-solid batteries. A gel polymer electrolyte consists of a polymeric matrix in which a solvent is trapped. This composition offers a compromise between high ionic conductivity (facilitated by the solvent) and enhanced safety (provided by the polymeric matrix), making them a promising technology for short-term high-performance batteries. It is widely accepted that the polymeric matrix plays an important role in improving the overall safety of the electrolyte, notably by increasing its mechanical strength.1,2 However, there is a lack of systematic research on the effect of the polymeric matrix on the overall flammability. In the field of battery research, there is no standardized test to define and quantify the flammability of a gel polymer electrolyte.This work focuses on the development of a flammability test that is adapted for the analysis of gel polymer electrolytes. The flash point temperature represents the lowest temperature at which there is enough vapor to produce a flame with a source of ignition. Flash point measurement is a standardized test extensively studied for liquid chemicals. In our previous work, flash point measurement was adapted for the analysis of gel polymer electrolytes by coupling the flash point instrument with a thermal imaging camera.3 This novel methodology and the subsequent data processing were automated and treated through computer vision to accurately identify the flash point temperature, eliminating potential errors associated with human interpretation on whether the flame is seen or not. The employed deep learning algorithms exhibit high accuracy in detecting the presence of the flash point with a small amount of solvent (15 L), making then suitable for the analysis of gel-polymer electrolytes. Moreover, the effect of intermolecular interactions between the solvent and the salt and between the solvent and the polymeric matrix have been studied by FT-IR and were shown to increase the flash point temperature.References Castillo, A. Santiago, X. Judez, I. Garbayo, J. A. C. Clemente, M. C. Morant-Minana, A. Villaverde, J. A. Gonzalez-Marcos, H. Zhang, M. Armand and C. M. Li, Chem Mater, 2021, 33, 8812-8821. 23. Li, J. Chen, L. Fan, X. Kong and Y. Lu, Green Energy & Environment, 2016, 1, 18-42.St-Antoine,C., et al., Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2023. 11(20): p. 10984-10992. Figure 1