Solvent-extracted Rapeseed Meal Research Articles

RAPESEED MEAL AS A REPLACEMENT FOR SOYBEAN MEAL IN DIETS OF PROGENY FROM SOWS FED EITHER PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT

First- and second-litter progeny from sows fed either 0 or 8% solvent-extracted rapeseed meal in replacement for isonitrogenous amounts of soybean meal and wheat was used to evaluate solvent-extracted rapeseed meal as a protein source. There was no influence of the dam’s diet on gain, efficiency of feed utilization, digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) or digestible nitrogen (DN) and nitrogen retention in the progeny. In pigs from first litters, the feeding of 8% rapeseed meal, compared with 0% rapeseed meal, depressed feed intake and rate of gain in the finishing period from 55 to 90 kg liveweight, and resulted in reduced gain and poorer efficiency of feed utilization for the overall experiment from 6 kg initial weight. Carcasses from rapeseed meal-fed pigs were leaner. Gilt carcasses were leaner than barrow carcasses. With second-litter pigs, there were no significant differences associated with dietary treatment or sex. There were no significant differences in DE or ME or in DN and nitrogen retention between pigs receiving 0 or 8% rapeseed meal in either the starting diets at 6 weeks of age or the growing diets at 40 kg liveweight.

DIETARY RAPESEED MEAL FOR SWINE REPRODUCTION

Porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by Lawsonia intracellularis is an important enteric disease in swine throughout the world. Information regarding the distribution of this pathogen in Canadian swine herds would be beneficial for the creation of control protocols. Pigs from Ontario, Quebec, and Alberta were tested by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay for antibodies to L. intracellularis. Pig seroprevalence was calculated as the proportion of pigs positive from total pigs tested in the targeted population. Seroprevalence (+/- standard error [s(x)]) in market hogs in Ontario from farrow-finish (FF) farms and finishing (FIN) farms were significantly different at 77% (s(x) = 7%) and 29% (s(x) = 15%), respectively. Seroprevalence for sows and gilts in FF and farrowing and nursery (FAR + NUR) farms in Ontario were 90% (s(x) = 3%) and 93% (s(x) = 6%), respectively. Seroprevalence in breeding females in Quebec from FF and FAR farms was 82% (s(x) = 5%) and 87% (s(x) = 3%), respectively. Seroprevalence (57%, s(x) = 8%) in finishing pigs in Alberta from FF farms was significantly different from that of multisite (MS) farms and FIN farms, 6% (s(x) = 6%) and 9% (s(x) = 5%), respectively. Lawsonia intracellularis appears to be widespread in Canada and the seroprevalence on FF farms is higher than that on FIN and MS farms, possibly due to the presence of breeding females or management differences.

Metabolizable Energy of Rapeseed Meal for the Laying Hen

Sibbald and Slinger (1963) reported that, for chicks, the “corrected” metabolizable energy (M.E.) of solvent extracted rapeseed meal (R.M.) was about 1530 kilcalories per kilogram on an air-dry basis. Apparently, this is the only published estimate of the M.E. of R.M. In view of the current interest in the feeding potential of R.M. for poultry, it seemed advisable to gather information about its metabolizable energy content for the laying hen.Individually caged, S.C. White Leghorn hens, approximately 10 months of age, were used in the experiment. The M.E. assay procedure was similar to that of Hill and Anderson (1958) but modified for use of the laying hen. The reference ration is shown in Table 1. Rapeseed meal (solvent extracted) was substituted, on a weight basis, for glucose to comprise 15 or 20% of the ration. The M.E. of soybean meal (S.M.) was estimated using a ration where S.M. replaced glucose …

GROWTH, REPRODUCTION, DIGESTIBILITY, PROTEIN AND VITAMIN A RETENTION OF RATS FED SOLVENT-EXTRACTED RAPESEED MEAL OR SUPPLEMENTAL THIOURACIL

Weanling rats were fed 19.4% protein diets containing either 13% soybean meal, soybean meal plus 0.05% thiouracil, or 15% solvent-extracted rapeseed meal to replace the soybean meal at an isonitrogenous level. Dietary rapeseed meal did not influence food intake, reduced rate of gain for 8 to 10 weeks, and resulted in poorer food/gain ratio for female rats for the 20-week period but for male rats for only 2 weeks. Rapeseed meal did not affect energy digestibility but increased protein digestibility and retention. Thiouracil reduced energy and protein digestibility but had no consistent influence on protein retention. Both rapeseed meal and thiouracil-supplemented rats had lower vitamin A fecal losses than soybean meal-supplemented rats.Thyroid hypertrophy occurred after 4 to 6 weeks for rapeseed meal rats and after 2 weeks for thiouracil-supplemented rats. After approximately 8 weeks the thyroid to body weight ratio reached an equilibrium. Liver to body weight ratio was increased for several weeks by feeding rapeseed meal or thiouracil to male rats. There was no close relationship between thyroid hypertrophy and rate of body weight gain, efficiency of food utilization, or energy and protein digestibility.Litter weight at birth averaged only 47 g for litters from females receiving rapeseed meal as compared with 69 g for litters from females receiving soybean meal although numbers of rats per litter were similar.

Growth Depressing Factors in Rapeseed Meal. VI. Feeding Value for Growing-Finishing Swine of Myrosinase-Free, Solvent-Extracted Meal1

Solvent-extracted rapeseed meal of B. campestris L. origin, free of active myrosinase and retaining most of its original complement of thioglucosides, was fed to pigs in growing and finishing rations at levels up to 10% of the diet. Cross-treatments of zero and 0.022% iodinated casein were used over the 23- to 45- kg. weight range. Twenty-four gilts and 24 barrows of Yorkshire breeding were involved, and growth rates, digestibility, feed utilization and carcass merit were assessed. The use of either 5 or 10% rapeseed meal significantly depressed rate of gain and feed intake in the growing period (23 to 45 kg.). Iodinated casein had no effect on the response to rapeseed meal. A level of 5% rapeseed meal in the finisher ration had no effect on swine performance. Failure of iodinated casein to counteract the adverse effects of rapeseed meal and the lack of effects of rapeseed meal on efficiency of feed utilization or digestibility of energy and protein indicate that this type of meal differs appreciably from meals previously tested with swine, in terms of physiological effects on the animal. Rate of gain closely reflected feed intake levels; hence, palatability may have been involved. The addition of a myrosinase source (ground rapeseed screenings) resulted in three times as much depression in rate of gain in pigs fed grower rations containing rapeseed meal as occurred in the absence of rapeseed screenings. Reduced gains also occurred with rations containing 5% rapeseed meal fed with myrosinase in the finishing period, and there was evidence of depression in digestibility coefficients for energy and protein due to ingestion of the enzyme source. These results confirm previous findings in vitro and with mice, in which myrosinase was implicated in the toxicity complex of rapeseed meal.