Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate Solution Research Articles

Foam inhibition in an aqueous sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate solution by poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)

AbstractThe mechanism of foam inhibition in an aqueous sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBSNa) solution by temperature‐sensitive, water‐soluble poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDM) was investigated. The solution's foam collapsing rate, % transmittance, surface tension, pH, temperature, and degree of hydrophobicity of PDM showed that aging a PDM–DBS solution 125 to 280 hr produced a turbid solution and effectively inhibited foaming. Likewise, controlling the pH at 4 ≤ pH ≤ 7 and increasing the hydrophobicity of PDM enhanced the foam‐inhibiting action of the polymer. The reaction between DBSNa and PDM was temperature dependent and the temperature effect was almost reversible. When compared with other available commercial antifoaming agents, PDM was found most effective in suppressing foam formation in aqueous DBSNa solution.

Antifoaming Properties of Glycols Derived from 1-Olefin Dimers

Antifoaming properties of new branched 1, 2 -glycols were observed for three foaming systems containing anionic, cationic or nonionic surfactants as foaming agents. The olefin dimers were prepared from C5-C12 1-olefins in the presence of triethylaluminum, and the resulting 2-alkylolefins were hydroxylated with performic acid and strong base to prepare new glycols : 2-propylheptane-1, 2-diol (10 D), 2-butyloctane-1, 2-diol (12 D), 2-hexyldecane-1, 2-diol (16 D), 2-octyldodecane-1, 2-diol (20 D) and 2-decyltetradecane-1, 2-dial (24 D). For the aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium chloride or p-nonylphenyl poly (oxyethylene) ether (n=15) as foaming agents, the antifoaming powers of these glycols were evaluated by the Ross and Miles method. The results were expressed as immediate reading of foam height and reading of foam height after 5 min as a function of concentration of glycols (Fig.-16). Glycols showed their excellent foam inhibiting properties, especially 20 D. The antifoaming powers of the new glycols decreased in the order of 20 D>24 D>12 D>10 D>16 D.

Studies of the Removal of Oily Soil by Rolling-up in Detergency. II. On Binary Soil Systems Consisting of Oleic Acid and Liquid Paraffin

Abstract The rolling-up mechanism of oily soil from the surface of a polypropylene (PP) sheet in an aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) was studied by the observation of the contact angle (θ). A binary system consisting of cis-9-octadecenoic acid (oleic acid)–liquid paraffin (Nujol) was used as an example of oily soil. The time required for the removal of the oily soil mixture from the PP sheet by rolling-up became shorter with the increase in the liquid paraffin content of the mixture. The oily soil with binary components was more easily removed from the substrate than a single-component oily soil.

A Study of the Removal of Oily Soil by Rolling up in Detergency

Abstract The removal of simply constituted oily soil from a low-energy surface such as polypropylene (PP) has been examined in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and its builders. Oleic acid, olive oil, lauryl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and liquid paraffin were used as model oily soils. Rolling-up was observed in all the soils except oleyl alcohol and liquid paraffin. The rolling-up of the soil occurred in the contact angle range of 0°<θ<90°(θ is contact angle) when the soil was removed incompletely from PP. Apparent activation energies for rolling-up were derived, i.e., 8 kcal/mol for oleic acid and 11.9 kcal/mol for olive oil. Complexes were formed for oleic acid, lauryl alcohol, and oleyl alcohol. The effects of the surfactant in various concentrations at various temperature, and with various builders were studied in view of the interfacial tension and the contact angle.

Measurement of Dynamic Surface Tensions of Aqueous Surfactant Solutions by the Vibrating Jet Method

The following improvements were made to eliminate the complexity of the experimental technique for determining a wave length and a diameter of issued jet.1) The photograph of the jet waves can be taken easily by using the photographing apparatus as shown in Fig. -2.2) By introducing a correction factor, the diameter of issued jets can be determined without experimental measurement which applicability was checked and tested. A comparison between the result determined by the present method and Burcik's data on sodium dodecyl sulfate solution gives very good agreement as shown in Fig. -5. Furthermore, the order of the dynamic surface tension of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate solution was determined and the equation as shown in Fig. -5. was obtained.

Foam columns for countercurrent surface—liquid extraction of surface‐active solutes

AbstractThe foam separation process uses differences in surface activity to separate components of a solution. Stable foams can flow upward countercurrent to liquid to give countercurrent differential separations with stripping, enrichment, or scrubbing similar to solvent extraction.Six‐ and 24‐in. I.D. foam columns were operated with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solutions to measure height of transfer unit (HTU) values and foam densities and to develop satisfactory gas spargers, liquid feed distributors, foam drainage conditions, and foam condensation equipment. The HTU values for stripping of Sr‐89 were about 1 cm. for the best conditions of uniform foams, liquid flows of 100 gal./sq.ft.hr. or less, and uniform liquid feed distribution with low inlet velocities. Variations of countercurrent column lengths within 10 to 28 cm. caused little variation in HTU values. The foams were condensed, with four types of pneumatic or mechanical foam breakers used. A pilot plant was designed for decontamination of a low level radioactive waste.

Radiotracer Studies on Contaminatoin of Fruit and Vegetables by Synthetic Detergent

Contamination of fruit and vegetables such as grape, cabbage, turnip and cucumber by the detergent solution of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SUBS) have been investigated by means of the radiotracer method using SUBS labeled with radioisotope 35S. The measurement of contamination was chiefly made for cabbage under varying conditions of the difference in the part and in water content of cabbage leaf, concentration of the detergent solution, dipping time and temperature, and rinsing time. The effect of sodium sulfate as a builder was also studied. Under the usual condition of dipping in 0.1% detergent solution for five min at 1618°C, followed by rinsing twice with 100 cc of water for 20 sec, the contaminations observed were 0.29 γ/cm2 for the surface and 1.8 γ/cm along the cracks and damages of cabbage leaf. Air dried cabbage leaf suffered from stronger contamination than the fresh one. The contamination of grape was about the same but those of turnip and cucumber were three or four times as much as that of cabbage when compared in the unit of contamination per area, but the results were just opposite when the usual unit of contamination per 100 g of the sample was used. We considered the latter expression to be unreasonable.

Amount of Sodium Alkylbenzenesulfonate Remained on the Rinsed Tablewares and Vegetable which were Washed with its Aqueous Solution

The amount of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate remained on the rinsed tableware and vegetable has been determined by radio tracer technique using labeled dodecylbenzenesulfonate 35S. If tableware rinsed, for example, two seconds with fresh water right after it was washed in 0.157% aqueous solution of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 3.9×10-6, 2.2×10-5, 1.1×10-5 and 4.7×10-5mg/cmcm2 of dodecylbenzenesulfonate remained on the porcelain, plastic, glass and stainless surface, respectively. If, for example, cabbage was rinsed for about five seconds to one minute in the trough supplying fresh water right after five minutes washing in 0.05% aqueous solution of dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 0.1-0.2mg of dodecylbenzenesulfonate remained in hundred grams of cabbage.The effects of detergent concentration, washing and rinsing periods, etc., on the amount of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate remained on the vegetable and tableware were also examined.

Effect of water-soluble and water-insoluble long-chain polar additives on micellar solutions of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate

Additions of long-chain polar compounds to aqueous solutions of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate resulted in the separation of a liquid-crystalline phase. This was first observed after the addition of 0.2 to 0.25 mole of water-insoluble polar compound per mole of anionic surfactant. It was found necessary to add 0.6 to 2 moles of watersoluble long-chain polar compound per mole of anionic surfactant before a separate liquid-crystalline phase could be observed. At concentrations below that required for liquid-crystal formation, additions of PEG 400 monostearate to aqueous solutions of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate resulted in a steady decrease in the Krafft temperature, a viscosity minimum, and a surface-tension minimum. With sucrose monotallowate, similar results were obtained, except that a minimum was not obtained in the viscosity-concentration curve.

The defoaming of synthetic detergent solutions by soaps and fatty acids

The foam of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solutions is rendered extremely unstable by small amounts of sodium palmitate or stearate and calcium ion except in strongly acid solutions. In the presence of sodium laurate or oleate under the same conditions the foam is more stable. Detergents having a straight hydrocarbon chain containing 14 or more carbon atoms give a stable foam in the presence of small amounts of calcium palmitate. A study of the penetration by detergents of monolayers of stearic acid spread on dilute solutions of calcium chloride shows that those detergents the foam of which is stable in the presence of calcium soap penetrate strongly the stearate film, converting it to a mixed, viscous, liquid film.