Cadmium Nitrate Solution Research Articles

Cd-tolerant arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi from heavy-metal polluted soils

Spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were isolated from two heavy-metal polluted soils in France via trap culture with leek (Allium porrum L.). Preliminary identification showed that the predominant spore type of both cultures (P2 and Cd40) belongs to the Glomus mosseae group. Their sensitivity to cadmium was compared to a laboratory reference strain (G. mosseae) by in vitro germination tests with cadmium nitrate solutions at a range of concentrations (0 to 100 mg L−1) as well as extracts from a metal-polluted and unpolluted soils. Both cultures of AM fungi from heavy-metal polluted soils were more tolerant to cadmium than the G. mosseae reference strain. The graphically estimated EC50 was 0.8 mg L−1 Cd (concentration added to the test device) for G. mosseae and 7 mg L−1 for P2 culture, corresponding to effective Cd concentrations of approximately 50–70 μg L−1 and 200–500 μg L−1, respectively. The extract of the metal-polluted soil P2 decreased germination of spores from the reference G. mosseae but not from P2 culture. However, the extracts of two unpolluted soils with different physico-chemical characteristics did not affect G. mosseae, whereas germination of P2 spores was markedly decreased in the presence of one of the extracts. These results indicate a potential adaptation of AM fungi to elevated metal concentrations in soil. The tested spores may be considered as metal-tolerant ecotypes. Spore germination results in presence of soil extracts show the difficulty of assessing the ecotoxic effect of metals on AM fungi without considering other soil factors that may interfere in spore germination and hyphal extension.

Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide at a Cadmium Modified Platinum Electrode in a Flow Injection Mode

Abstract A polished platinum electrode has been modified using cyclic voltammetry in a solution of cadmium nitrate and supporting electrolyte. This Cd-modified electrode has been used for the detection of hydrogen-peroxide in a flow injection mode. The electrodes modified in this manner showed electrocatalytic response for hydrogen-peroxide at an applied potential of-0.075 V vs. Ag/AgCl, when compared to a bare platinum electrode.

Thin‐Film Cadmium Selenide Prepared from Cadmium Oxide Formed by Spray Pyrolysis

Thin‐film cadmium selenide was prepared by a new process that involves two steps: (i) spray pyrolysis of an aqueous cadmium nitrate solution to form thin‐film cadmium oxide; and (ii) reaction of selenium vapor with cadmium oxide to form cadmium selenide. Composition data from proton‐induced x‐ray emission indicate that was converted completely to. Furthermore the process can be reversed completely by heating in air to form . The optical absorption spectra indicate that the bandgaps for the two materials are the same as those reported previously. The resistivity of all films is about 0.2 Ω‐cm, and the electron density is about 1019 cm−3. In contrast, the as‐prepared films have substantially higher resistivities (about 108 Ω‐cm) and lower electron densities (about 109 cm−3). However, by subsequent treatment of the film with cadmium vapor, the resistivity can be reduced to as low as 0.27 Ω‐cm with a corresponding increase in electron density to as high as 1019 cm−3, illustrating that a wide range of properties are possible for prepared by this technique.

Effects of surface conditions on the luminescence of colloidal cadmium sulphide

The luminescence (so-called green emission or edge emission, corresponding to the band gap energy) of colloidal cadmium sulphide solutions (prepared by the introduction of hydrogen sulphide gas over the surface of aqueous cadmium nitrate solutions containing sodium hexametaphosphate as stabilizer to prevent the flocculation of the colloid) was studied. The luminescence was strongly affected by the amount of hydrogen sulphide gas introduced into the solution: the Cd 2+-rich (S 2−-deficient) colloid showed much stronger luminescence than the S 2−-rich colloid. The luminescence was also influenced by the pH of the solution and the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA). The addition of a small amount of EDTA strongly quenched the luminescence of Cd 2+-rich solutions irrespective of the pH. For S 2−-rich solutions, EDTA had no effect on the edge emission at law pH, but increased its intensity at high pH. These results can be explained by the pH-dependent chelating ability of EDTA.

Raman spectroscopy of the species in concentrated aqueous solutions of zinc nitrate, calcium nitrate, cadmium nitrate, lithium nitrate and sodium nitrate up to 450.degree.C and 30 MPa

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRaman spectroscopy of the species in concentrated aqueous solutions of zinc nitrate, calcium nitrate, cadmium nitrate, lithium nitrate and sodium nitrate up to 450.degree.C and 30 MPaPeter D. Spohn and Thomas B. BrillCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 16, 6224–6231Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/j100353a051RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views251Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (757 KB) Supporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts

The oxidation of ethylene over silver-based alloy catalysts: II. Silver-cadmium alloys

Silver-cadmium-supported alloy catalysts were prepared by impregnation of α-alumina with mixed silver nitrate and cadmium nitrate solutions. They were characterized in terms of exposed metallic area and surface composition employing selective chemisorption of oxygen and hydrogen. Surface enrichment in cadmium was observed which increased after the catalysts had been exposed to reaction conditions. Turnover frequencies of ethylene epoxidation and combustion reactions were determined. The former was found to increase significantly with increasing cadmium content of the surface while the latter was found to remain constant or slightly increase, resulting in improved selectivities. Activation energies were found to decrease with increasing cadmium content. The results are discussed in terms of geometric and electronic considerations of the alloy surfaces and it is concluded that electronic interactions between silver and cadmium atoms, affecting the rate-controlling step of the reactions, are primarily responsible for their observation.

Viscosities and densities of very concentraed aqueous solutions of silver nitrate, thallium(I) nitrate, and cadmium nitrate

Viscosities and densities of very concentraed aqueous solutions of silver nitrate, thallium(I) nitrate, and cadmium nitrate

Densities and viscosities of solutions of cadmium nitrate in a solvent (silver, thallium) nitrate

Densities and viscosities of solutions of cadmium nitrate in a solvent (silver, thallium) nitrate

An X-Ray Diffraction Study on the Structures of Bis- and Tris(ethylenediamine)cadmium(II) Complexes in Solution

Abstract The structures of cadmium(II) complexes with ethylenediamine(en) have been determined by means of X-ray diffraction. The measurements were performed at 25 °C for aqueous ethylenediamine solutions of cadmium nitrate, the mole ratios (en/Cd) in the solutions being 2.188 and 3.387. In the solution of the lower en/Cd mole ratio, the bis(ethylenediamine)cadmium(II) complex was predominant, whereas in the other solution the tris(ethylenediamine)cadmium(II) complex was contained as the main species. From the analysis of the X-ray scattering data of the solutions, it was shown that in the bis-complex four nitrogen atoms within the two ethylenediamine molecules were tetrahedrally coordinated to the cadmium(II) ion at a distance of 2.339(4) Å. The nonbonding Cd···C distance within the bis-complex was also determined to be 3.04(1) Å. In the tris-complex the cadmium(II) ion was coordinated with six nitrogen atoms and the Cd–N and Cd···C distances were 2.371(5) and 3.19(1) Å, respectively. The strength of the Cd–N bond with changing coordination number of the complexes was discussed in terms of the frequencies of the Cd–N bond in the Raman spectra of these solutions and the bond lengths found from the X-ray scattering measurements.

Polarographic detection for high-performance liquid chromatography using a flow-through detector

A new arrangement of a flow-through polarographic detector has been designed with a rapidly dropping mercury electrode. The detector is especially usefull for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It has been shown that the properties of the detector are similar to those of a UV detector operated at 254 nm. An electroactive substance in the eluate can be determined at flow-rates not exceeding 6 ml min −1. An upwards direction of flow of the solution facilitates the automatic removal of gas bubbles, which are swept to the detector with the column effluent. The volume of solution necessary to wash out 95% of the detection passage filled with another solution is about 0.1 ml, which is approximately equal to the volume when using a UV (254 nm) detector with a geometrical volume of the detection passage of 8 μl. The detector sensitivity with injection of cadmium nitrate solution is (3.6 ± 0.4)·10 −4 A 1 mol −1, and the linear dynamic range is 5·10 −4–5·10 −2 M cadmium nitrate with 5-μl injections. The selection of a suitably short drop time at a given flow-rate enables one to eliminate current signal disturbances on the recorded curves. Thus the current is diffusion or convective-diffusion controlled, irrespective of the presence or absence of turbulence. The application of the detector to HPLC is illustrated with the separation of a mixture of testosteroids.

Titrimetric determination of some analytically significant organic reagents using a Cd2+-selective electrode crytur

A Cd2+ selective electrode Crytur 48-17 proved to serve well for the titrimetric determination of some types of organic reagents, particularly of 8-hydroxyquinoline and its derivatives, sodium N,N-diethyldithiocarbaminate, pyridylazo dyes (PAN, PAR), and aminocarboxylic acids (NTA, EDTA, DCTA) with 0.01M cadmium nitrate solution in the medium of ammoniacal or borate buffers. The titrimetric determinations examined can be classified as precise analytical methods.

Distribution of cadmium between calcium phosphate and solution.

The distribution of cadmium between calcium phosphate and solution has been investigated, when calcium phosphate is precipitated from calcium nitrate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and cadmium nitrate solutions containing sodium chloride (0, 0.53 mol/l) or magnesium chloride (0, 5.0 × 10-2mol/l) at 25 and 100°C: Cadmium in the parent solution is mostly incorporated in hydroxyapatite as a solid solution between hydroxyapatite and apatitic cadmium phosphate. Adsorption of cadmium on suspended hydroxyapatite has been also examined: It is greatly reduced by the presence of calcium ions in the solution.

ＣｄＳ沈殿の結晶構造と光電導

The CdS precipitates were prepared from aqueous solutions of cadmium chloride, bromide, nitrate, sulphate or acetate, and the relation between crystal structure and photoconductivity of these CdS precipitates was investigated. All CdS precipitates were found to be a mixture of hexagonal and cubic phases, and their mean particle sizes were about 1.5 to 4μm. All precipitates were found by chemical analysis to be slightly sulphur-rich.Using an interdigital electrode, the spectral response of photoconductivity and the rise and decay of photocurrent were measured. All specimens showed photoconductive response in the visible wavelength region, but the peak wavelength scattered in the wavelength region of 550∼570 nm from one specimen to another. The rise or decay time was very long for the specimens prepared from cadmium chloride and bromide. The specimen prepared from cadmium sulphate had the highest photoconductive sensitivity, while the one from cadmium bromide had the lowest sensitivity.

NMR in rapidly rotated metallic aluminium and cadmium

The technique of fast magic-angle specimen rotation has been used to substantially reduce the width of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 27Al, 111Cd, and 113Cd in pure aluminium and cadmium. Rotation at 8 kHz reduced the width of the 27Al line from 9 kHz to 400 Hz which facilitated an accurate determination of the Knight shift. Relative to an aqueous solution of AICl 3, the Knight shift was found to be 1640 ± 1ppm. Rapid rotation removed the large anisotropic Knight shift present in both isotopes of cadmium and left narrow lines with widths determined by lifetime broadening and the indirect electron-coupled nuclear interaction. Experimental values for the isotropic Knight shifts of cadmium are 4321 ± 7 and 4324 ± 7 ppm for 111Cd and 113Cd, respectively, relative to an aqueous solution of cadmium nitrate.

ChemInform Abstract: THE EFFECTS OF THE COMPOSITION OF RAW CADMIUM SULFIDE ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF CADMIUM PIGMENTS

AbstractDer Einfluß des Molverhältnisses von S/Cd in den Cd‐sulfidniederschlägen auf die Teilchengröße, die Ausbildung hexagonaler Kristallformen und die Helligkeit der Cd‐Pigmente wird untersucht.

The Effects of the Composition of Raw Cadmium Sulfide on the Characteristics of Cadmium Pigments

Abstract The effects of the S/Cd mol ratios of cadmium sulfide precipitates on the particle size, the hexagonality, and the brightness of cadmium pigments were studied. The precipitates were prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of cadmium nitrate with either sodium sulfide or hydrogen sulfide. Then, cadmium pigments were made of these precipitates by heat-treatment under an atmosphere of oxygen or nitrogen. The characteristics of the pigments were affected by the following three factors; particle size, hexagonality, and brightness. These factors were closely related to the S/Cd mol ratio of the precipitates of the cadmium pigments. We found the minimum points on the curves of the particle size, the hexagonality, and the brightness in relation to the S/Cd mol ratio. From these results, it was concluded that the optimum range of the S/Cd mol ratios of the precipitates for the characteristics of the cadmium pigments was 0.98±0.01.

The hydration of divalent cations in aqueous solution. An X-ray investigation with isomorphous replacement

With the method of isomorphous replacement direct information about the hydration of cations has been obtained. The study comprises two groups of isomorphous aqueous solutions, viz. one group composed of cadmium and calcium nitrate solutions and another with solutions of the nitrates of zinc, nickel, cobalt and magnesium. The divalent cations appear to have a clear-cut shell of 6 neighbouring water molecules. The cation–water distance is in close agreement with the distances mentioned in the literature for the unit M(H2O)62+. in crystalline substances. A second hydration shell of about 12 molecules of water can be discerned at a distance of about 4.2 Å of the cation.

The Effects of Alkali Halides on Cadmium Sulfide Particles

In order to study fundamentally the nature of powder, the preparation of particles of uniform size is most important. But it is difficult to preparate the particles of uniform size.For the one of the methods to obtain the powder of uniform size the mixture of cadmium sulfide and various additives was heated.Cadmium sulfide prepared from cadmium nitrate solution by sodium sulfide solution was used as starting material. Halides of lithium, sodium, and potassium were used as the additive agents. Cadmium sulfide (The starting material) and alkali halide were mixed well and heated in a test tube at 350 to 500°C for 2 hours.The shape and size of cadmium sulfide particles were observed with an electronmicroscope, and the surface area was measured by BET method of nitrogen adsorption at boiling point of liquid nitrogen. The following results were obtained;The shape of cadmium sulfide particles tended to be affected by halogen, but slightly by alkali metal.Alkali halides had an effect on cadmium sulfide particles below their melting point.The spherical or nearspherical particles were obtained by heating the mixtures of the starting material and alkali iodide or bromide.The particle sizes that were calculated from the surface areas were nearly equal to the apparent sizes observed by electronmicrographs. And so, it is suggested that these particles had no pore, but smooth surface.The uniform and spherical particles of cadmium sulfide of particle size 100 to 2000mμ were obtained by the variation of the mixing ratio of the starting material to the additives, and by the adjustment of the heating temperature.

Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions of Cadmium Perchlorate and Cadmium Nitrate

Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions of Cadmium Perchlorate and Cadmium Nitrate

Vibrational spectroscopic study of aqueous cadmium nitrate solutions

Vibrational spectroscopic study of aqueous cadmium nitrate solutions