Water Solution Research Articles

Potential Nano/Microcenters of Crystal Nucleation in Reagent-Grade Purity Solvents and Their Differentiation by Fluorescent-Tagged Antiscalant

A common issue in studies on liquid-phase chemical processes is that the natural solid nanoimpurities present in reagent-grade chemicals are ignored. Little is known about these impurities’ nature, sizes, concentrations, and behavior, yet they significantly affect the efficiency of antiscalants in municipal and laboratory solutions. Recent research has focused on: (i) estimating nanoimpurity concentrations in in-house deionized water and semiconductor-grade isopropanol using “light sheet” optical ultramicroscopy, and (ii) visualizing antiscalant sorption on these impurities. Using a fluorescent-tagged antiscalant aminobis(methylenephosphonic acid) (ADMP-F), we tracked its affinity to particulate matter in deionized water and reagent-grade KCl solutions. Our study showed that the total concentration of nanoparticles with a size larger than 20 nm is about 106 units/mL in deionized water and 105 units/mL in isopropanol. Extrapolation of these values to a size ≥1 nm resulted in concentrations of 1011 and 108 units/mL. The addition of KCl or ADMP-F significantly increased foreign nanoparticle populations. ADMP-F is selectively adsorbed by only some impurities, while most antiscalant molecules remain as true solution. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of fluorescently labeled aminoalkylphosphonates being able to differentiate particulate matter traces in reagent-grade purity solutions. Therefore, the role of nanoparticles as crystallization centers should be seriously reconsidered, especially in their important application in scale inhibition.

The Structure of Carbon Dioxide at the Air-Water Interface and its Chemical Implications.

The efficient reduction of CO2 into valuable products is a challenging task in an international context marked by the climate change crisis and the need to move away from fossil fuels. Recently, the use of water microdroplets has emerged as an interesting reaction media where many redox processes which do not occur in conventional solutions take place spontaneously. Indeed, several experimental studies in microdroplets have already been devoted to study the reduction of CO2 with promising results. The increased reactivity in microdroplets is thought to be linked to unique electrostatic solvation effects at the air-water interface. In the present work, we report a theoretical investigation on this issue for CO2 using first-principles molecular dynamics simulations. We show that CO2 is stabilized at the interface, where it can accumulate, and that compared to bulk water solution, its electron capture ability is larger. Our results suggest that reduction of CO2 might be easier in interface-rich systems such as water microdroplets, which is in line with early experimental data and indicate directions for future laboratory studies. The effect of other relevant factors which could play a role in CO2 reduction potential is discussed.

Phosphorylated and carbamylated Kraft lignin for improving fire- and biological-resistance of Scots pine wood

In this study, Kraft lignin was modified by ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) and urea for achieving phosphorylation and carbamylation, aiming to protect wood against biological and fire attack. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood was impregnated with a water solution containing Kraft lignin, ADP, and urea, followed by heat treatment at 150 °C, resulting in changes in the properties of the Kraft lignin as well as the wood matrix. Infrared spectroscopy, 13C cross-polarisation magic-angle-spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and direct excitation single-pulse 31P MAS NMR analyses suggested the grafting reaction of phosphate and carbamylate groups onto the hydroxyl groups of Kraft lignin. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicated that the condensed Kraft lignin filled the lumen as well as partially penetrating the wood cell wall. The modified Kraft lignin imparted fire-retardancy and increased char residue to the wood at elevated temperature, as confirmed by limiting oxygen index, microscale combustion calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. The modified wood exhibited superior resistance against mold and decay fungi attack under laboratory conditions. The modified wood had a similar modulus of elasticity to the unmodified wood, while experiencing a reduction in the modulus of rupture.

Clustering-Triggered Emission Mechanism of Sulfur Ester-Polyacrylamide Aqueous Solution.

Most nonconventional luminogens enjoy good water solubility and biocompatibility, showing unique application prospects in fields like biological imaging. Although clustering-triggered emission (CTE) mechanisms have been proposed to explain such emissions, it has not been thoroughly elucidated, which limits their development and application. Herein, the photoluminescence properties of polyacrylamide prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization aqueous solution are utilized to further investigate the effects of changes in concentration, in order to elucidate the emission mechanism through transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and theoretical calculation. The results showed that the size distribution, morphology, and distance between the polymer clusters formed in the water solution are successfully correlated with the cluster emission centers. The emission mechanism of nonconventional luminogens solutions is more clearly and intuitively elucidated, which has a promoting effect on the emission and application of this field. It provides a strategy a strategy to clarify the CTE mechanism of nonconventional luminogens solution more clearly.

A study on the evolution of microstructure of soil-rock mixtures based on the electrochemical conductive paths model under different rock and moisture content conditions

ABSTRACT To further improve the understanding of the evolution law of the microstructure of SRM in road engineering under moisture and rock content, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test under different moisture and rock conditions was carried out. This paper proposed an electrochemical model of different conductive paths based on different cementation states. The impact of rock and moisture content on the characteristic parameters of the conductive path model was analyzed. The results indicated the impedance spectrum curves became more pronounced with the continuous decrease in moisture content and increase in rock content. There was a well-defined exponential relationship between total impedance and both moisture and rock content. The total impedance decreased continuously with increasing moisture content and increased with increasing rock content. The characteristic parameters had practical significance in representing the microscopic structure. The moisture content primarily influenced the variation trends of the representation parameters by altering the channel width, length, and quantity of the continuous pore water solution pathways and the discontinuous rock-soil bonded bodies. The rock content affected the changes by compressing the external and internal pore water solution and soil particles, altering the compression and support between the continuous pore water solution pathways and the block rock framework.

Biomimetic Charge‐Neutral Anion Receptors for Reversible Binding and Release of Highly Hydrated Phosphate in Water

AbstractControl of phosphate capture and release is vital in environmental, biological, and pharmaceutical contexts. However, the binding of trivalent phosphate (PO43−) in water is exceptionally difficult due to its high hydration energy. Based on the anion coordination chemistry of phosphate, in this study, four charge‐neutral tripodal hexaurea receptors (L1–L4), which were equipped with morpholine and polyethylene glycol terminal groups to enhance their solubility in water, were synthesized to enable the pH‐triggered phosphate binding and release in aqueous solutions. Encouragingly, the receptors were found to bind PO43− anion in a 1 : 1 ratio via hydrogen bonds in 100 % water solutions, with L1 exhibiting the highest binding constant (1.2×103 M−1). These represent the first neutral anion ligands to bind phosphate in 100 % water and demonstrate the potential for phosphate capture and release in water through pH‐triggered mechanisms, mimicking native phosphate binding proteins. Furthermore, L1 can also bind multiple bioavailable phosphate species, which may serve as model systems for probing and modulating phosphate homeostasis in biological and biomedical researches.

Empowering community participation for sustainable rural water supply: Navigating water scarcity in Karak district Pakistan

In the tapestry of life, water is the essential thread weaving through our existence. Imagine this thread not just as a simple element, but as the very pulse that sustains our communities. This study unravels the nuanced interplay between community engagement and sustainable water solutions in District Karak, shining a spotlight on a crucial but often overlooked aspect of rural water programs. Employing the theoretical framework of Social Capital Theory by Robert Putnam and Pierre Bourdieu, our research investigates the interconnected relationship between community participation and the long-term viability of water supply initiatives. Focusing randomly on three selected water supply schemes, we employed a sampling technique and collected data from 330 respondents through interviews. Community members, Community-Based Organizations (CBOs), and executing agencies were sampled to analyze the extent and impact of engagement across program phases. The findings underscore the pivotal role of participatory approaches facilitated by CBOs and executing agencies, revealing active community engagement as a linchpin for sustained water supply success. Results of the study reveal that the synergy of community satisfaction and engagement paves the way for a resilient water future, offering a blueprint for District Karak and similar regions to pursue a more secure water future and mitigate the adverse effects of water scarcity through the promotion of community participation.

Fast and scalable fabrication of Ag/TiO2 nanostructured substrates for enhanced plasmonic sensing and photocatalytic applications

Here we propose a fast and scalable (up to 3 min for 6 × 1 cm size substrate) innovative approach to fabricate coral-shaped TiO2 nanostructured substrates based on thermal oxidation of titanium foil followed by deposition of Ag nanoparticles for bifunctional sensing and photocatalysis. Comprehensive studies on the morphology, crystal structure, stoichiometry, optical, and electronic properties of these nanostructures reveal the formation of a Schottky barrier at the Ag/TiO2 interface. This interface alters the electronic structure of the Ag/TiO2 nanosystem, retaining the plasmonic properties of Ag nanoparticles while enhancing their catalytic activity. The SERS performance and photocatalytic activity of Ag/TiO2 nanostructures are demonstrated by the test analyte Rhodamine 6G detection down to concentrations of 10-12 M and acceleration of its degradation under simulated sunlight by 5.8 times. Tests with tetracycline water solutions indicate a nanomolar detection limit and 4.4-fold increase in degradation rate. The proposed Ag/TiO2 nanostructures are prospective for creation of low-cost bifunctional platforms for the sensitive detection of organic residues in water as well as their fast neutralization under solar light.

Green hybrid coagulants for water treatment: An innovative approach using alum and bentonite clay combined with eco-friendly plant materials for batch and column adsorption

Textile industries contribute to water pollution through synthetic dye discharge. This study explores the use of natural bio-coagulants to remove acid dyes from wastewater, investigating factors like pH, coagulant dose, dye concentration, contact time, and temperature for optimal results. The optimum pH and coagulants capabilities of (CAAPP, CAAPH, CBAGL, CBAPP and CBAPH) were 3 (49.6 mg/g), 3 (42.5 mg/g), 3 (38.9 mg/g), 4 (35.7 mg/g), 4 (34.1 mg/g), and 4 (29.4 mg/g) respectively, while treating of selected BRF-221 dyes from water solution. The acidic range (3–4) was found to have the best pH for the maximal coagulation, and the optimal dose were found to be 0.05 g/50 mL. The equilibrium was attained within 45–60 min for all coagulants. After 60 min of shaking, the maximum coagulation capacities (21.9, 21.02, 16.5, 27.9, 25.3, and 23.4 mg/g) of several coagulant composites (CAAGL, CAAPP, CAAPH, CBAGL, CBAPP, CBAPH) were determined. The initial BRF-221 dye concentration in the range of 10–200 mg/L was considered as optimum for gaiting maximum elimination of dye using different coagulants. At a dye value of 100 mg/L of BRF-221, maximal coagulation capacities CAAGL (179.19 mg/g), CAAPP (166.06 mg/g), CAAPH (141.60 mg/g), and CBAGL (126.49 mg/g), CBAPP (113.9 mg/g), CBAPH (93.08 mg/g) were attained. The study found 35 °C to be the optimal temperature for maximum acid dye removal using bio-coagulants. Increasing temperature reduced coagulation capacity, indicating an exothermic process. Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms showed suitability for pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics in biosorption. Thermodynamic parameters were assessed for process feasibility. Effective coagulants demonstrated sensitivity to electrolyte variations. In column studies, adjusting parameters achieved maximum coagulation efficiency for removing BRF-221 dyes. The study successfully applied optimal parameters to remove real textile effluents at a practical scale. SEM, FT-IR, BET and XRD characterized coagulants, providing insights into stability and morphology.

Thermodynamics of micellization of octyltrimethylammonium bromide in 1,2-propanediol-water mixtures at temperatures from (293.15 to 308.15) K

The micellar properties of octyltrimethylammonium bromide (C8TAB) in both water and aqueous solutions of 1,2-propanediol have been investigated using accurate measurements of density, sound velocity, and surface tension in the temperature range between 293.15 and 308.15 K. The critical micelle concentration, CMC, the ionization degree, β, the standard thermodynamic parameters of micellization: free energy, ΔmicG°, enthalpy, ΔmicH°, entropy, ΔmicS° and the free energy of transfer, ΔtrG°, of the surfactant octyltrimethylammonium bromide in both water and 1,2 propanediol aqueous solution were evaluated from the experimental results.The CMC of the surfactant increases as the concentration of 1,2-propanediol increases, while the temperature does not exert important changes within the range considered.The value of the micellization thermodynamic parameters suggests that adding 1,2-propanediol makes the micellization process less favorable.The thermodynamic functions of transfer were calculated. The values of the free energy of transfer are small and positive and increase as the diol concentration increases confirming that the transfer of the surfactant from the bulk into the micelle is less favorable.

Effect of Organic Solvent on the Mass Transfer Mechanism of Coumarin 102 in a Single Octadecylsilyl Silica Gel/Organic Solvent-Water System by Laser Trapping and Fluorescence Microspectroscopy.

Understanding mass transfer kinetics within individual porous particles is crucial for theoretically explaining the retention and elution behaviors in chromatography and drug delivery. Using laser trapping and fluorescence microspectroscopy, we investigated the diffusion mechanism of coumarin 102 (C102) into single octadecylsilyl particle in acetonitrile (ACN)/water, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)/water, and 1-butanol (BuOH)/water solutions. The intraparticle diffusion behavior of C102 was evaluated using the spherical diffusion equation, allowing us to determine the intraparticle diffusion coefficients (Dintra): (8-10) × 10-9 cm2 s-1 for ACN, (10-16) × 10-9 cm2 s-1 for DMF, and (4-6) × 10-9 cm2 s-1 for BuOH. The obtained Dintra values were further analyzed using a pore and surface diffusion model. Thus, we revealed that the diffusion mechanism of C102 differed depending on the organic solvent: surface diffusion for ACN and DMF and pore and surface diffusions for BuOH were observed. This difference is attributed to the formation of a concentrated liquid phase of ACN and DMF at the interface of the alkyl chain and the bulk solution in the pore.

Heavy Water Microdroplet Surface Enriches the Lighter Isotopologue Impurities.

Water microdroplets promote unusual chemical reactions at the air-water interface. However, the interfacial structure of water microdroplets and its potential influence on chemical processes are still enigmatic. Here, we present evidence of in-droplet fractionation of water isotopologues. Employing a sonic spray, we atomized the heavy water (D2O, 99.9 atom % D) solution of three classes of organic compounds (basic, acidic, and neutral). The analytes were predominantly desorbed from the resulting droplet surface in protonated form rather than deuterated form, as detected by mass spectrometry. This result remained unaltered upon adding formic acid-d2 (DCOOD) to the droplet. Monitoring Dakin oxidation of benzaldehyde at the surface of binary microdroplets composed of 1:1 (v/v) D2O/H218O revealed the preferred formation of phenolate-16O over phenolate-18O. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometric analysis of the vapor composition in the sprayed aerosol revealed the preferential evaporation of lighter water isotopologue impurities from the surface of heavy water microdroplets. These results indicate the enrichment of lighter water isotopologue impurities (HOD/H2O) on the surface of heavy water microdroplets, implying possible future developments for water isotopologue fractionation using microdroplets.

The Price of Water: Evaluating the Potential Cost Savings of Switching from Saline to Distilled Water for Wound Irrigation

As water becomes an increasingly precious commodity, health systems face difficulties in balancing usage and costs. Numerous studies indicate minimal differences in patient outcomes between the use of normal saline and tap water in wound care and surgical procedures. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential cost implications for hospitals when shifting from sterile water and saline to in-house distilled water for wound care and surgical procedures. We analyzed a two-facility hospital network, assessing current sterile water and saline solution usage and expenses and compared it with the cost of implementing an in-house water distillation system. In 2022, the hospital network spent $305,180.78 on sterile water and saline solution bottles. By replacing the current expenditure on sterile water and saline solution bottles for irrigation with a water distillation plant at the hospital network, the estimated annual cost of the new system is projected to be significantly lower, at $83,298.87. This results in substantial total savings of $221,881.91 annually, amounting to $361.37 per bed per year, while also considering the additional benefit of reducing plastic disposal costs. Extrapolating the in-house distillery cost savings to all 919,649 staffed hospital beds in the United States could potentially save approximately $565 million annually. Over a decade, this could reach up to $5.65 billion, if all hospitals adopt similar self-hosted water distillation systems.

Exploring protective potential of Vitamin E in mitigating liver steatosis in alcoholic liver injury.

Objective: To investigate and assess the efficacy of Vitamin E in preventing or reducing fatty liver changes associated with alcoholic liver injury. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting: Department of Anatomy and Animal Facility of Peshawar Medical College, Peshawar. Period: February 2018 to April 2020. Methods: The study involved eighteen male domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), organizing them into categories based on the time frames specified for the research. Animals in "Category E8" were subjected to an 8-week time period, while those in "Category E4" underwent a 4-week experimental duration. Each category was further divided into three groups: "Control Group A" received standard laboratory food and daily access to normal saline as drinking water, "Experimental Group B" received standard nutrition, a 30% ethanol solution in distal water (30ml per kg/day) and normal saline for drinking, and "Experimental Group C" was treated with the necessary standard diet, a 30% ethanol solution in distal water (30ml per kg/day), and "Vitamin E" (50mg dissolved in 2ml distal water per kg/day) via nasogastric tube. Liver tissue specimens from all animals were stained with H&E and Masson’s trichrome stain for quantification of fatty change. Results: A significant difference in steatosis development was observed among the E4 groups and among the E8 groups having a respective p-values of 0.001 and 0.003. This underscored the impact of alcohol within the context of alcohol-induced liver injury. However, no appreciable differences were noted between BI & CI and BII & CII (p-values > 0.05) indicating no significant distinction in liver steatosis between subjects treated with vitamin E and those not receiving vitamin E. Conclusion: In the context of alcohol-induced liver injury, the study failed to deliver anticipated protective benefits of vitamin E. There is a possibility of adverse effects, potentially rendering its use counterproductive.

Impact of abiotic stressors on nutrient removal and rhizomicrobiome composition in floating treatment wetland with Equisetum hyemale

Floating treatment wetlands (FTW) are receiving growing interest as a phyto-technology. However, there are significant research gaps regarding the actual role of plant species and plant-microbiome interactions. In this study, the nutrient uptake of Equisetum hyemale was examined in FTW microcosms under the influence of abiotic stressors: As (3 mg/L) and Pb (3 mg/L) as well as Cl− (300 and 800 mg/L) in reference to a control during a short screening experiment. High removal efficiency of nutrients in water solutions, up to 88 % for TN and 93 % for PO4-P, was observed. However, PO4-P removal was inhibited in the As reactor, with a maximum efficiency of only 11 %. Lead and As were removed with high efficiency, reaching 98 % and 79 % respectively. At the same time only Pb was effectively bound to root biomass, reaching up to 51 %. Limited As accumulation of 0.5 % in plant roots suggests that microbial processes play a major role in its reduction. The development and structure of microbiome in the microcosms was analysed by means of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, proving that Pb was the most influential factor in terms of selection pressure on specified bacterial groups. In the As treatment, the emergence of a Serratia subpopulation was observed, while the Cl− treatment preserved a rhizobiome composition most closely resembling the control. This study indicates that E. hyemale is a suitable species for use in FTWs treating Pb polluted water that at the same time is capable to withstand periodic increases in salinity. E. hyemale exhibits low As binding in biomass; however, extended exposure might amplify this effect because of the slow-acting, but beneficial, mechanism of As uptake by roots and shoots. Microbiome analysis complements insights into mechanisms of FTW performance and impact of stress factors on bacterial structure and functions.

Performance of metakaolin-based geopolymer molecular sieve microspheres on dynamic recovery of Cu (II)

This study reports the in-situ transformation of geopolymers into molecular sieve using a method with mild conditions. The application of geopolymer zeolites for dynamic adsorption in continuous fixed beds has been less studied, and the application of adsorbents after adsorption has been less studied. Different metakaolin-based geopolymer molecular sieve microspheres (NaA-MSM, SOD-MSM) were prepared by in-situ conversion of metakaolin as raw material and NaOH as an alkali activator. The continuous fixed-bed adsorption performance was evaluated by varying the influent flow rate, initial metal concentration, and adsorbent dosage. The maximum adsorption capacities of NaA-MSM and SOD-MSM for Cu (II) were 698.14 and 523.84 mg·g−1, respectively. In the simulated solution of real lake water, the adsorption capacities of NaA-MSM and SOD-MSM for Cu (II) were 202.94 and 154.97 mg·g−1, respectively. The results show that the synthesized molecular sieve is an excellent adsorbent for Cu (II)-containing wastewater, and the application design of recycling heavy metals in wastewater by adsorption technology and degrading dyes has been successfully constructed.

Monitoring the Quality Parameters of Mango Juices Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy.

The current study looks into the characterization and differentiation of mango juices that are sold commercially using fluorescence spectroscopy. The emission spectra displayed well-defined and prominent peaks that suggested the existence of many fluorophores, such as water content, β-carotene, tartrazine food color, and chlorophyll components. For this study, water and yellow food coloring solution, the two most popular adulterants were added to pure and authenticated mango pulp that had been diluted to an 8% concentration. The fluorophore profile of the samples was ascertained by using multivariate analysis (principal component analysis) in conjunction with fluorescence spectroscopy. The findings showed that the existence of water content is directly correlated with the spectral bands at 444 and 467nm, and for food color at 580nm thus the best indicators to detect adulteration of high water contents and food color. Chlorophyll and β-carotene intensities varied among juices, acting as a discriminant marker to distinguish between those with unripened pulp (high chlorophyll intensity) and those with more water and other pigments (lower chlorophyll and β-carotene intensities). With fluorescence emission spectroscopy, qualitative assessment of mango juice can be quickly determined by spectral features, providing details on composition and quality.

Silk Fibroin-Graphene Oxide Composite Membranes for Selective Separation of Ions and Molecules from Water

Nanofiltration membranes with controlled pores are useful in many fields, such as pharmaceuticals, desalination, petroleum, and food processing. Recently, graphene oxide has emerged as a promising candidate for the fabrication of highly efficient and pressure-resistant nanofiltration membranes with excellent water permeability and solute rejection. However, it remains difficult to achieve increased permeability while maintaining excellent separation ability. Herein, we report a novel silk fibroin-graphene oxide (FGO) composite membrane prepared by using fibroin as a cross-link reagent, which is extracted from natural Bombyx mori silkworm cocoons. Such a FGO membrane shows a pure water permeance of ~280Lm-2 h-1 bar-1, which is five times greater than previously reported GO-based membranes. Further, such a membrane also exhibits excellent separation efficiency (> 99%) for different feed molecules. Additionally, these membranes exhibit high chemical stability in water, acidic and basic solutions for several days compared to pristine GO membranes.

Silk fibroin-graphene oxide composite membranes for selective separation of ions and molecules from water

Nanofiltration membranes with controlled pores are useful in many fields, such as pharmaceuticals, desalination, petroleum, and food processing. Recently, graphene oxide has emerged as a promising candidate for the fabrication of highly efficient and pressure-resistant nanofiltration membranes with excellent water permeability and solute rejection. However, it remains difficult to achieve increased permeability while maintaining excellent separation ability. Herein, we report a novel silk fibroin-graphene oxide (FGO) composite membrane prepared by using fibroin as a cross-link reagent, which is extracted from natural Bombyx mori silkworm cocoons. Such a FGO membrane shows a pure water permeance of ∼280 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, which is five times greater than previously reported GO-based membranes. Further, such a membrane also exhibits excellent separation efficiency (> 99 %) for different feed molecules. Additionally, these membranes exhibit high chemical stability in water, acidic and basic solutions for several days compared to pristine GO membranes.

Metal-organic frameworks and composites on their basis: structure, synthesis methods, electrochemical properties and application prospects (a review)

Various types of metal-organic frameworks (MOF) and their structural parameters have been reviewed and their classification has been presented. Most widely used synthesis methods and approaches for MOF and composites on their basis have been discussed. MOF structure is a regular 3D lattice formed by organic linkers and metallic clusters. It has been shown for an example of literary data on MOF synthesis and structural studies that the types of bonds and metals can strongly affect the spatial structure and dimensions of MOF crystals: they can have nano-, micro- and meso-dimensions, be dense or porous, bulk or layered. This variety of structural parameters determines the wide range of their properties and potential applications. Prospects and methods of controlling the shapes of the crystals, their size and spatial bonds between organic components and metal ions have been reviewed. Major attention has been paid to zeolite-like frameworks (ZIF) as the most promising ones from the viewpoint of structure, synthesis and electrochemical current source applications. Discussion has touched on possible modifications and methods of controlling the properties of those MOFs and composites on their basis and introduction of impurities, including those having magnetic properties. Possible synthesis options of complex composites through controlled MOF pyrolysis have been presented, for either small-batch or scalable processes. The effect of heat treatment conditions on the final properties and electrochemical applications of those materials has been demonstrated. ZIF-67 structured MOF doping with one more metal has been presented as variant of modifying the properties of MOF and composites on their basis. For example, the Authors have implemented cobalt MOF synthesis wherein cobalt is partially substituted for manganese at the synthesis stage. Furthermore, a simple water solution co-deposition synthesis technique has been modified with ultrasonication thus reducing the time consumption of the process. Electrochemical studies have shown that the unit electrochemical capacity of pyrolyzed MOF electrodes with partial cobalt substitution for manganese is appreciably higher as compared to the manganese-free materials. The unit capacity and energy density increase with manganese content in the MOF. MOF manganese doping delivers a considerable improvement in the electrochemical parameters of the electrode materials for hybrid supercapacitors on their basis (from 100 to 298 F/g at 0.25 A/g current density). The results suggest that cobalt substitution for manganese is an effective method of improving the electrochemical parameters of MOFs. It has been demonstrated that the development of new approaches to the design of MOF based composite materials and the study of the physicochemical regularities of their interaction with various carriers is an important task.