Solution Of Transport Problems Research Articles

A simple concept with minimum steps for solving the transportation problem to obtain the lowest shipping cost

Transportation problem has been employed in different range of operations amd the optimization of such problem is significant in many areas. A simple penalty and rapid process is used in this paper in order to obtain the lowest shipping cost for the transportation problems. A new method is proposed to extract the optimal solution of transportation problem. First, we solve a transportation problem employing a new way, and we compare this new proposed method solution to the VAM and MODI methods. Following that, we obtain that the transportation solution of the proposed method is equal to the MODI solution. This result demonstrates that by utilizing the novel proposed strategy, we can identify the straight optimal solution to the majority of transportation problems. Finally, the solution process is mathematically presented.

Fully Implicit Form of Differential Quadrature Method for Multi-Species Solute Transport in Porous Media

Solute transport problems, including sequential multi-species transport phenomena, frequently occur in soil systems. The goal of this paper is to present a novel one-dimensional numerical model with a fully implicit form of differential quadrature method for solving multi-species solute transport equations. The analytical results of three multi-species solute dispersion problems with three- and four-chain members are used to analyse the developed model. Simultaneously, the outcomes of the developed model are compared with the performance of the fully implicit fourth-order finite difference method. Finally, the accuracy of the established model is discussed and evaluated. According to the numerical experiments, the derived model is very useful and widely applicable.

Fully implicit local time-stepping methods for advection-diffusion problems in mixed formulations

This paper is concerned with numerical solution of transport problems in heterogeneous porous media. A semi-discrete continuous-in-time formulation of the linear advection-diffusion equation is obtained by using a mixed hybrid finite element method, in which the flux variable represents both the advective and diffusive flux, and the Lagrange multiplier arising from the hybridization is used for the discretization of the advective term. Based on global-in-time and nonoverlapping domain decomposition, we propose two implicit local time-stepping methods to solve the semi-discrete problem. The first method uses the time-dependent Steklov-Poincaré type operator and the second uses the optimized Schwarz waveform relaxation (OSWR) with Robin transmission conditions. For each method, we formulate a space-time interface problem which is solved iteratively. Each iteration involves solving the subdomain problems independently and globally in time; thus, different time steps can be used in the subdomains. The convergence of the fully discrete OSWR algorithm with nonmatching time grids is proved. Numerical results for problems with various Peclét numbers and discontinuous coefficients, including a prototype for the simulation of the underground storage of nuclear waste, are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed local time-stepping methods.

Planning Assessment of Transport System: A Case from Nepal

Purpose: Road infrastructure is considered as “the infrastructure for infrastructure”. Planning assessment of the transport system is done for assessing and planning the present road and transport infrastructures and facilities within the municipality and the surrounding local bodies. The research aims to analyse the planning of the transport system of Devchuli Municipality for recommending pragmatic solution of transport problems. Design/Methodology/Approach: Devchuli Municipality is located in Nawalparasi East district of Gandaki Province in Nepal. Municipality is divided into 17 wards, covers 112.72 km2 area. Municipality is populated with different castes and religions with population of 49,637. It consists of 12025 households with population density of 440 persons per sq.km and 4.13 people per household. Data were collected using Official document, Key informant interview, Field Survey, and observation and analyzed using Content, Origin and Destination (OD) Survey, Road Inventory Survey, Classified Vehicle Count Survey, Public Transport and Services Study. Findings/Result: Municipal Transport Master Plan (MTMP) started with the setup of Municipal Road Coordination Committee (MRCC) and the collection of demand and inventory of road within the municipality. Road inventory survey was done and the length of the roads collected is about 339.67 km (without SRN) From the sample data it is found that nearly 11% of the mode of transportation is shared by active road users hence footpath is proposed on the roads. Visionary city development and Indicative Development Potential Plan is studied with which the existing and potential market center/service centers (key growth centers) and the areas having various development potentials such as agro-based industries, high value cash crops and tourism. This study also formulated the road hierarchy for the various roads namely Class A, B, C and D. Class C and D basically deals with access while Class A and B basically deal with mobility and accessibility to higher services. Total cost for the required interventions proposed is calculated based on the rates of ToR for 5 years and was found to be approximately 794 million rupees. Originality/Value: It is action research. This study helps to develop a Visionary city development plan for Pragmatic solutions for issues of transport. Paper Type: Ex-Post Facto Research

Work on new method to find initial basic feasible solution of transportation problem in contrast to existing methods

In the present paper, we focused on finding an initial basic feasible solution for transportation problems. The new method is compared to four different proposed mean methods namely, Proposed Arithmetic Mean (PAM), Proposed Harmonic Mean (PHM), Proposed Geometric Mean (PGM) and Proposed Quadratic Mean (PQM) methods along with existing traditional methods like North West Corner Method (NWCM), Least Cost Method (LCM) and Vogel Approximation Method (VAM). Also, the deviation percentage of the outcomes has been figured out in contrast to distinct methods. The approach thus developed, involves elementary arithmetic and statistics, which could be of keen interest even for beginners and is beneficial to decision makers dealing with the problem of supply chain as well as logistics. Suitable examples are given for examining optimality and to validate the results obtained.

A unique destination and transportation: current issues and possible solutions

PurposeThe purpose of this study is twofold. First, to consider the ways in which transportation could be more sustainable in North Cyprus, which is mostly dependent on tourism and higher education as a small island destination. Second, to investigate current issues in the transportation sector related to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a qualitative approach, and a descriptive analysis technique was used to analyse semi-structured interviews, conducted by telephone and face-to-face. To investigate current problems in the North Cyprus transportation sector – one of the most affected by the pandemic – travel agencies were chosen as the study’s population and research participants were selected purposively.FindingsThe findings indicate that the unpredictability of domestic policies combined with the structural challenges confronting North Cyprus contribute to unsustainable current transportation policies. North Cyprus transport and tourism both suffered significant losses during the pandemic but travel agencies were disproportionately impacted. Our study results showed that exorbitant ticket prices, taxes and transportation costs have emerged as the most significant issues in the transportation sector.Research limitations/implicationsMore efficient and accurate policies that meet the needs of the sector and give opportunity for development are required. This is a critical issue for policymakers to address, as they also represent a significant barrier to the sector's long-term competitiveness.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first qualitative study to look at North Cyprus’ transportation problems from the perspective of travel agencies and the impact of the pandemic. It is thought that this study will contribute to the development of solutions for transportation problems and sustainable practices in small island developing states.

Mathematical Model and Algorithm of Multi-Index Transportation Problem in the Background of Artificial Intelligence

The development of artificial intelligence has brought rapid changes to human life and brought great convenience to human activities. The development of various modes of transportation has also brought convenience to people’s travel and commodity transactions, but it has also added more issues that need to be carefully considered. Because of the diversification of transportation methods, transportation problems also arise many fields, such as air transportation, water transportation, and land transportation. The development of mathematical models and algorithms for transportation problems is also in full swing, and it is a major trend to introduce mathematical models and algorithms into the solution of transportation problems. This paper deals with the multi-index transportation problem by establishing a multi-index mathematical model and algorithm to find a scientific transportation method for the goods to be transported, so as to save the cost and time of transportation. Experiments show that the mathematical model established in this paper has high efficiency for solving the multi-index transportation problem. At the same time, the most suitable transportation method can also be selected for the transportation of goods, and the route planned by the mathematical model and algorithm can reduce the risk to 12.34%.

Revised Algorithm of Vogel's Approximation Method (RA-VAM): An Approach to Find Basic Initial Feasible Solution of Transportation Problem

In corporate and industries sectors, transportation plays an important role. Vogel Approximation Method (VAM) is a effectual method to find the initial basic feasible solution of transportation problems, but when there is a tie between highest penalty costs for rows and columns, we have to choose arbitrary which results we may get solution far from optimal solution also. In this paper, we have modified the steps of VAM to find the feasible solution. The proposed revised algorithm of Vogel Approximation Method (RA-VAM) gives feasible solution which is always nearest to the optimal solution. Three examples are also solved to illustrate RA-VAM.

Improved Exponential Approach Method in Determining Optimum Solutions for Transportation Problems

This study describes the transportation methods that regulate and distribute resources that provide products where they are needed to achieve efficient transportation costs. Solve a transportation problem in this thesis using the Improved Exponential Approach method, then using the NWC (Northwest) method to test its optimization. The purpose of this research is to get more optimal results as initial consideration to increase the distribution cost savings in the Bread Company. Costs incurred by the company before the study amounted to Rp.3,218,000. The results of this study found that the application of the transportation method using the Improved Exponential Approach method is effectively used compared to the NWC method which has a comparison of transportation costs of Rp. 2,612,500 and Rp. 2,785,000, Optimization test results obtained from the Improved Exponential Approach method amounted to Rp2,612,500. And the Improved Exponential Approach method used by researchers can be applied to the Gardenia company.

Isogeometric semi-Lagrangian analysis for transport problems

Isogeometric analysis (IGA) is combined with the semi-Lagrangian scheme to develop a stable and highly accurate method for the numerical solution of transport problems. An L2 projection using the non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) is proposed for the approximation of the solution at the departure points. The proposed method maintains the advantages of the semi-Lagrangian scheme in reducing the truncation errors and allowing for large CFL numbers in the simulations while the IGA guarantees the exact representation of the geometry of the computational domain. The performance of the isogeometric semi-Lagrangian analysis is demonstrated for a deformational flow problem and the benchmark of a single vortex flow.

Tour-based travel demand forecasting model for a university campus

Background and aimThe interest in investigating transportation issues at university campuses has been growing worldwide. Given the university travelers’ unique travel patterns and characteristics influenced mainly by students, forecasting the travel demand of university travelers provides a unique opportunity to understand these patterns and seek solutions for transportation problems at such major trip generators. This study aims at developing a travel demand forecasting model (TDFM) for a university campus, which can be vital for testing alternative solutions, strategies, and policies to tackle transportation problems on university campuses, especially those related to sustainable transportation. MethodologyThe proposed methodology was applied to Sharjah University City (SUC) as a case study. Thus, a tour-based TDFM was developed to replicate the patterns of activity-based travels at SUC. The model was established using the state-of-the-art modeling tool PTV VISUM. Subsequently, it was validated for the baseline year and then applied to forecast future traffic demands. FindingsWith the aim to reduce vehicular traffic volumes, the model was employed to evaluate two scenarios: introducing parking permits and pricing and establishing a park-and-ride facility to serve travelers to campus. These scenarios were compared in terms of several traffic and environmental performance measures. Based on predefined criteria, results highlighted that parking permit enforcement outperformed the park-and-ride facility. The present research may be considered one of the few studies to integrate a tour-based TDFM with a university's entire transportation network, a detailed traffic microsimulation, and an emission evaluation model. ConclusionResults highlighted the effectiveness of the proposed modeling framework in providing reliable solutions for challenging questions that face urban university campus planners under different scenarios. Other universities can follow the methodology presented in this work to develop similar travel forecasting models for their campuses based on their specific travel characteristics.

The Role of Regional Transport and Logistics Infrastructure in Development of a Single Economic Space

The objective of the article is to show the importance of modernisation and development of the transport and logistics system of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area (hereinafter – YNAA) for socio-economic development of the country, of its single economic space, and implementation of its export capacity. The current state of the transport system of YNAA is analysed considering a particular role of transport system of the region in development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (hereinafter –the AZRF), while showing the inconsistency of the existing level of its development with the needs of the economy and the population of the area, the strategic goals of development of the Russian Arctic and the country. The research used general scientific methods, e.g., analysis and synthesis.The implementation of several large infrastructure projects in YNAA being initiated at the federal level requires the corresponding development of the regional transport and logistics infrastructure and the solution of transport problems in this region. Modernisation and development of the regional transport and logistics infrastructure through implementation of infrastructure projects will allow: to form a single interconnected transport space with a significant reduction in infrastructure constraints for development of YNAA; to achieve the required level of population mobility and transport accessibility of municipalities for all categories of population; to combine the mainland and port infrastructure within a single logistics system through implementation of federal infrastructure projects in parallel with measures to develop the existing regional transport infrastructure; to integrate the transport complex of YNAA as part of the transport system of the Russian Federation into the world transport system.The development of an effective regional transport and logistics system within the framework of the corresponding federal system, considering the geostrategic features and geo-economic potential of the region, will remove infrastructural constraints for development of the national economy and the region’s economy.

Analytical solutions of advection-dispersion-reaction equation with first decay under constant and time-dependent boundary conditions: Mass transfer shape factor effects

To describe the combined dispersion and convection mechanisms of solute transport through porous media, one may typically refer to the advection-dispersion equation (ADE). In this study, a generalized analytical solution to the ADE combined with first order decay term is derived for the problem of solute transport through porous media in one-dimensional finite region considering transient boundary conditions. First, the addressed convection-dispersion-reaction equation is simplified into a diffusion equation. Subsequently, an analytical solution is generated for a general fractured porous medium for a case where a fracture is viewed as the transient boundary condition. To verify the proposed analytical solution, experimental data acquired from literature as well as numerical techniques of finite difference and element are utilized. Previous studies have utilized fixed values for mass transfer shaper factor which is deployed in dual porosity modeling approach of fractured reservoirs, while in reality this parameter changes over time. In this regard, an attempt is made to attain mass transfer shape factor while considering the impacts of important parameters such as Péclet number, and decay coefficient during both pseudo steady state (PSS) and transient periods. Moreover, for two circumstances of linearly ascending and constant concentration boundary conditions, a correlation is developed to compute PSS mass transfer shape factor as a function of Péclet number, dimensionless time, and decay coefficient. The results illustrated the dependency of PSS shape factor on the decay coefficient, Péclet number, and time while transient shape factor solely depended on time. In addition, the findings showed that the larger the Péclet number, the larger the PSS matrix-fracture mass transfer shape factor. The obtained analytical solution is helpful when validating the numerical simulation results and for performing fast sensitivity analysis. The developed mass transfer shape factor can be applied in the dual porosity modeling part of the commercial reservoir simulation software packages for more accurately modeling the solute transport in the fractured reservoirs.

PENGGUNAAN JUMAN & HOQUE METHOD (JHM) PADA PENENTUAN SOLUSI AWAL MASALAH TRANSPORTASI

Transportation problems are related to the efficient process of distributing goods by a company or industry. The purpose of solving transportation problems is to minimize the costs incurred in the process of distributing goods from several sources (supply) to several destinations (demand). One way to solve transportation problems is to find an initial feasible solution, continued by finding the optimal solution. This research was done by finding an initial feasible solution using the JHM (Juman & Hoque Method) for both the case of solving balanced transportation problems and unbalanced transportation problems. The method has the characteristic in the initial allocation process starting at the cell with the smallest cost in each column as much as the quantity of each demand. In addition, identification of whether the row if occupied or not was done based on the allocation for each row to the quantity of each inventory. This research aimed to explain about solving transportation problems by determining the initial feasible solution using JHM and performing optimality test using potential method. The methods of this research was to identify categories of transportation problems, determine the initial solution using JHM, and test the optimality using potential method. Based on the results of this research, JHM model may be used to solve transportation problems. In the steps of JHM there are explanations of some theorem regarding the selection of the column and row which will be the first to be processed to determine the value of intial solution of transportation problems. The initial solution by using JHM tends to approach the value of optimal solution after test of optimality was done by using the potential method.

Is e-shopping likely to reduce shopping trips for car owners? A propensity score matching analysis

Reducing car use is commonly considered as a potential strategy to reduce transport-related problems such as traffic congestion and air pollution. The increasing use of online shopping may potentially replace shopping trips, thus possibly reducing car use. However, car owners – compared to non-car owners – can more easily visit physical stores and transport goods. Therefore, it can be assumed that online shopping is less likely to reduce shopping trips for car owners. Using 653 structured face-to-face interviews in Chengdu (China) in 2016, an empirical study is conducted. The results show that 44.0% of respondents indicated a decrease in shopping trip frequency after they started to purchase online, while only 14.4% indicated an increase in the frequency. This confirms that online shopping tends to be a substitute for shopping trips. Applying a propensity score matching approach, this paper further compares the likelihoods of changes in shopping trips caused by online buying between car owners and non-car owners, while considering sociodemographic factors, internet experiences, spatial attributes, and online shopping attitudes as covariates. The results indicate that – due to online buying – shopping trip frequency is less likely to decrease for car owners compared to non-car owners, while there is no significant difference in the likelihood of increasing shopping trip frequency between owners and non-owners. These findings imply that online shopping may not effectively reduce driving, thus unlikely being a valid solution for transportation problems resulting from the increasing use of cars.

A Proposed Technique to Resolve Transportation Problem by Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers

Objectives: To find the best optimal solution of transportation problem in fuzzy environment Method: We proposed a new method to find the optimal solution. Findings: This study introduces a Median method. By applying the same we transform the fuzzy transportation problem to an exquisite valued one and subsequently into a new proposed process to uncover the fuzzy realistic solution. Also, we find a minimum transportation cost. Novelty: The numerical illustration demonstrates that the new projected method for managing the transportation problems on fuzzy algorithms. AMS Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 90C08, 90C90 Keywords Median, Median of Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers, Median of Triangular Fuzzy Numbers, Trapezoidal Fuzzy Numbers, Transportation Problem, and Fuzzy Transportation Problem

Performance Analysis of the χMD Matrix Solver Package for MODFLOW-USG.

The χMD matrix solver package is incorporated into USGS groundwater modeling software, such as MODFLOW-NWT, MODFLOW-USG, and MT3D. The solver is used to solve matrices assembled through numerical discretization of the groundwater flow equation, and solute transport equations. χMD has demonstrated its higher robustness, faster execution speed, and more efficient memory usage compared to the existing solvers for many types of groundwater flow problems. χMD uses preconditioned iterative Krylov-subspace methods and consists of preconditioning and acceleration modules. Because the solver package uses a variety of preconditioning features including level-based incomplete lower-upper (ILU) factorization method with a drop tolerance scheme, users must choose optimal preconditioning parameters to improve execution speed and robustness. In order to examine how the preconditioning parameters, ILU factorization level, and drop tolerance values affect the overall performance of the matrix solver, we evaluated five different groundwater model applications using MODFLOW-USG that include different numerical complexities. For those five cases, the number of discretization nodes varied from 10,000 cells to 730,300 cells. From the analysis, we found that the preconditioning parameters greatly affect execution times and memory usage of the preconditioning and acceleration procedures. In addition, a combination of the ILU level between five to seven and the drop tolerance value between 10-2 and 10-3 usually resulted in shorter overall execution time. Our study suggests that the users can elicit higher performance and robustness of the χMD matrix solver using this combination of the parameters and enhance computational efficiency of solving groundwater and solute transport problems.

A New Approach to Find the Solution of Transportation Problem with Grey Parameters

A New Approach to Find the Solution of Transportation Problem with Grey Parameters

Right Maximum Minimum Budget Ultimate Procedure for Protected and Crazy Rectangular Network

In this Research, proposed algorithm namely Right Maximum Minimum Allotment method is applied to find the optimal feasible solution to reduce the cost from the basic feasible solution for transportation problems. The proposed algorithm is a unique way to reach the feasible (or) may be optimal (for some extant) solution without disturbance of degeneracy condition

Multiscale Numerical Modeling of Solute Transport with Two-Phase Flow in a Porous Cavity

This paper introduces dimensional and numerical investigation of the problem of solute transport within the two-phase flow in a porous cavity. The model consists of momentum equations (Darcy’s law), mass (saturation) equation, and solute transport equation. The cavity boundaries are constituted by mixed Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions. The governing equations have been converted into a dimensionless form such that a group of dimensionless physical numbers appear including Lewis, Reynolds, Bond, capillary, and Darcy numbers. A time-splitting multiscale scheme has been developed to treat the time derivative discretization. Also, we use the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) stability condition to adapt the time step size. The pressure is calculated implicitly by coupling Darcy’s law and the continuity equation, then, the concentration equation is solved implicitly. Numerical experiments have been conducted and the effects of the dimensionless numbers have been on the saturation, concentration, pressure, velocity, and Sherwood number have been investigated.