Solutions Of Succinic Acid Research Articles

Exogenous application of succinic acid enhances tolerance of Larix olgensis seedling to lead stress

Larix olgensis A. Henry (Changbai larch) is a productive commercial species and good candidate for afforestation in northeast China. It is widely planted in lead-stressed soils which can induce oxidative damage in this plant. Increasing tolerance to lead (Pb) stress is therefore of keen interest. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to identify the biomass, physiological responses and Pb accumulation of L. olgensis seedlings to Pb stress under succinic acid (SA) application and to explore the interaction of exogenous SA applications and stress resistance. L. olgensis seedlings were planted in Pb-stressed or unstressed haplic cambisols in pots. In Pb-contaminated soils the seedlings were treated daily with concentrations of SA solutions at a rate approximately equivalent to 0, 0.04, 0.2, 1.0, or 2.0 mmol kg−1 of soil for 10, 20, and 30 days, respectively. Pb treatment induced damage in the seedlings and led to the inhibition of biomass accumulation in roots, stems and leaves, and a rise in Pb accumulation in fine roots and leaves. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage in leaves significantly increased while peroxidase (POD) activities, soluble protein and photosynthetic pigment contents in leaves were all reduced. Physiological toxicity was promoted with increasing Pb treatment times. When Pb-stressed seedlings were exposed to SA (especially 10.0 mmol L−1 over 20 days), the physiological responses for Pb-only were reversed and the biomass of roots, stems, and leaves dramatically increased. SA facilitated Pb uptake in fine roots and leaves but more Pb accumulated in fine roots. The results demonstrate that exogenous SA alleviates Pb-induced oxidative injuries and improves the tolerance of L. olgensis seedlings to Pb stress.

Selective Colorimetric Detection of Nitrite in Water using Chitosan Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles Decorated Reduced Graphene oxide

Excess nitrite (NO2-) concentrations in water supplies is considered detrimental to the environment and human health, and is associated with incidence of stomach cancer. In this work, the authors describe a nitrite detection system based on the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using an aqueous solution of chitosan and succinic acid. The AuNPs-rGO nanocomposite was confirmed by different physicochemical characterization methods including transmission electron microscopy, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, UV-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The AuNPs-rGO nanocomposite was applicable to the sensitive and selective detection of NO2− with increasing concentrations quantifiable by UV–vis spectroscopy and obvious to the naked eye. The color of the AuNPs-rGO nanocomposite changes from wine red to purple with the addition of different concertation of NO2−. Therefore, nitrite ion concentrations can be quantitatively detected using AuNPs-rGO sensor with UV-vis spectroscopy and estimated with the naked eye. The sensor is able to detect NO2− in a linear response ranging from 1 to 20 μM with a detection limit of 0.1 μM by spectrophotometric method. The as-prepared AuNPs-rGO nanocomposite shows appropriate selectivity towards NO2− in the presence of potentially interfering metal anions.

Effective separation of succinic acid by combined crystallization

Succinic acid, which is widely used as a building block chemical, can be produced from either petroleum or renewable resources. Bio-based production of succinic acid requires several purification steps, and the yield of any particular separation method is an important factor in facilitating an economic design. Crystallization is a common method for the purification of succinic acid, and several driving forces can be used to generate solubility changes in the solution. In this work, three driving forces of crystallization - cooling, acidification, and salting out - were examined individually and combined to achieve maximum yield from a solution of succinic acid. It was found that combined crystallization can significantly improve the yield (97.08%) compared with conventional cooling crystallization (84.31%) or acidification (66-67%). Additionally, a basic kinetic study was performed, and a total of 7 minutes of batch operation was sufficient to produce the maximum amount of crystals.

Impact of fluorescent lighting on the browning potential of model wine solutions containing organic acids and iron

Model wine solutions containing organic acids, individually or combined, and iron(III), were exposed to light from fluorescent lamps or stored in darkness for four hours. (−)-Epicatechin was then added, and the solutions incubated in darkness for 10days. Browning was monitored by UV–visible absorption spectrophotometry and UHPLC-DAD. The pre-irradiated solutions containing tartaric acid exhibited increased yellow/brown coloration compared to the dark controls mainly due to reaction of the tartaric acid photodegradation product glyoxylic acid with (−)-epicatechin to form xanthylium cation pigments. In these solutions, browning decreased as the concentrations of organic acids other than tartaric acid increased. Xanthylium cations were also detected in the pre-irradiated malic acid solution. However, in the malic acid, succinic acid, citric acid and lactic acid solutions, any coloration was mainly due to the production of dehydrodiepicatechin A, which was largely independent of prior light exposure, but strongly affected by the organic acid present.

GENTLE ACTIVATION OF POLYMINERAL SORBENT AND ITS INFLUENCE ON CLEANING PROCESS OF OIL-CONTAINING MEDIA FROM IMPURITY INGREDIENTS

An attempt to evaluate the effect of gentle activation of the surface of polymineral sorbent – blue clay with oxalic acid (Kdis = 5.6∙10-2) and sodium carbonate was carried out. The chemical structure of the initial and activated materials was established by the X-ray phase analysis. The prospect of their use for the sorption extraction of impurity ingredients from oil-containing media was revealed. An important rock-forming mineral in a composition of polymineral sorbent is montmorillonite. It was found that 45 mass% of the powder material has a particle size of 0.3-2.5 μm (quartz, cristoballite), 21% of the particles have a size of 5-10 μm and a small part (≤ 9%) is more than 10 μm. As a result of gentle activation of the sorbent with a 6% solution of oxalic acid, a clearer crystallized surface forms on which the effect of increasing the total pore size (100 nm - 2 μm) is observed. Such activated material is the meso- (20-500 Ǻ) type and macroporous type (> 500 Ǻ). The atomic composition of the renewed surface indicates the partial destruction of kaolinite during acid activation with an additional effect on impurity hydromica and a balancing increase in the mass fraction of quartz and saponite fractions (scaly particle form, 1-3 μm). The data of IR spectroscopic studies confirm the consistency of the judgments. Sequential activation with a solution of alkaline earth metals and sodium carbonate ensures the formation of tortuous pores and the production of disparate and relatively shallow (no more than 5 μm) particles in comparison with the original (globules up to 50 μm are encountered). The observed texture is a loosened land material of a complex chemical composition with the inclusion of natural grains of quartz, crystals (montmorillonite), fibrous structures and individual flakes. When 1% by weight of a polymineral sorbent based on montmorillonite and SiO2 was introduced into linseed oil, it was found that its treatment with 6% solutions of oxalic and succinic acid promotes an increase in the degree of purification from fatty acids to 40% and from peroxide compounds to 40%, then as gentle acid-alkaline activation of the sorbent provides the production of an oil-containing product with an even lower (by 5%) concentration of fatty acids.Forcitation:Nagornov R.S., Razgovorov P.B., Lepilova A.M., Stroganova Yu.I., Smirnov P.R., Kochetkov S.P. Gentle activation of polymineral sorbent and its influence on cleaning process of oil-containing media from impurity ingredients. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 8. P. 53-59.

Two-step gate-recess process combining selective wet-etching and digital wet-etching for InAlAs/InGaAs InP-based HEMTs

A two-step gate-recess process combining high selective wet-etching and non-selective digital wet-etching techniques has been proposed for InAlAs/InGaAs InP-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). High etching-selectivity ratio of InGaAs to InAlAs material larger than 100 is achieved by using mixture solution of succinic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Selective wet-etching is validated in the gate-recess process of InAlAs/InGaAs InP-based HEMTs, which proceeds and automatically stops at the InAlAs barrier layer. The non-selective digital wet-etching process is developed using a separately controlled oxidation/de-oxidation technique, and during each digital etching cycle 1.2 nm InAlAs material is removed. The two-step gate-recess etching technique has been successfully incorporated into device fabrication. Digital wet-etching is repeated for two cycles with about 3 nm InAlAs barrier layer being etched off. InP-based HEMTs have demonstrated superior extrinsic transconductance and RF characteristics to devices fabricated during only the selective gate-recess etching process because of the smaller gate to channel distance.

Composition and stability constants of copper(II) complexes with succinic acid determined by capillary electrophoresis

The advantage of capillary electrophoresis was demonstrated for studying a complicated system owing to the dependence of direction and velocity of the electrophoretic movement on the charge of complex species. The stability constants of copper(II) complexes with ions of succinic acid were determined by capillary electrophoresis, including the 1 : 2 metal to ligand complexes which are rarely mentioned. The measurements were carried out at 25 °C and ionic strength of 0.1, obtained by mixing the solutions of succinic acid and lithium hydroxide up to pH 4.2–6.2. It was shown that while pH was more than 4.5 the zone of copper(II) complexes with succinate moves as an anion. It is impossible to treat this fact using only the complexes with a metal-ligand ratio of 1 : 1 (CuL0, CuHL+). The following values of stability constants were obtained: log β(CuL) = 2.89 ± 0.02, log β(CuHL+) = 5.4 ± 0.5, log β(CuL22−) = 3.88 ± 0.05, log β(CuHL2−) = 7.2 ± 0.3.

Volumetric behavior of glycine in aqueous succinic acid and sodium succinate buffer at different temperatures

Apparent molar volume (∅V) of glycine in aqueous succinic acid and in aqueous sodium succinate buffer solutions have been determined from precisely measured density data at different temperatures ranging from 288.15 to 328.15K. The ∅V values of glycine in aqueous succinic acid solutions increase with increase in molality of glycine and temperature whereas ∅V values of glycine in sodium succinate buffer shows different behavior as a function of molality and temperature at pH=1.00, 7.40 and 14.00. Partial molar volume at infinite dilution (∅Vo) and partial molar volume of transfer (∆Vtr) has been determined from∅V. Both positive and negative ∆Vtr values have been observed for glycine in the presence of sodium succinate buffer solutions, whereas only negative, ∆Vtr values have been observed in the presence of aqueous succinic acid solutions. Partial molar expansibilities∂∅Vo∂TPdetermined from ∅Vo data, are higher in the presence of buffer solutions as compared to that of aqueous succinic acid solutions. Hydration numbers (nH) for glycine in aqueous succinic acid solutions are higher than in aqueous sodium succinate buffer solutions at pH7.40, which suggest a dehydration effect in later case.

Surface Partitioning in Organic-Inorganic Mixtures Contributes to the Size-Dependence of the Phase-State of Atmospheric Nanoparticles.

Atmospheric particulate matter is one of the main factors governing the Earth's radiative budget, but its exact effects on the global climate are still uncertain. Knowledge on the molecular-scale surface phenomena as well as interactions between atmospheric organic and inorganic compounds is necessary for understanding the role of airborne nanoparticles in the Earth system. In this work, surface composition of aqueous model systems containing succinic acid and sodium chloride or ammonium sulfate is determined using a novel approach combining X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface tension measurements and thermodynamic modeling. It is shown that succinic acid molecules are accumulated in the surface, yielding a 10-fold surface concentration as compared with the bulk for saturated succinic acid solutions. Inorganic salts further enhance this enrichment due to competition for hydration in the bulk. The surface compositions for various mixtures are parametrized to yield generalizable results and used to explain changes in surface tension. The enhanced surface partitioning implies an increased maximum solubility of organic compounds in atmospheric nanoparticles. The results can explain observations of size-dependent phase-state of atmospheric nanoparticles, suggesting that these particles can display drastically different behavior than predicted by bulk properties only.

Leaching of natural magnesite ore in succinic acid solutions

The study of succinic acid as a leaching agent has been undertaken to probe the leaching of naturally occurring magnesite samples. The influence of various reaction conditions (acidic strength, particle size of the magnesite, liquid to solid proportion, reaction temperature and stirring rate) was investigated. The results indicated that the extraction of magnesium depends on acidic strength, reaction temperature, ore particle size, stirring rate and liquid solid ratio. The application of graphical and statistical approaches for the analysis of kinetic data revealed that the rate of extraction of magnesium from natural magnesite is determined by the chemical reaction step. The calculated energy of activation for the dissolution of magnesite is 45.197kJmol−1 in the reaction temperature span of 313K to 343K.

Infusion Antihypoxants in Children with Critical Conditions

Hypoxia and mitochondrial damage are a key component of the pathogenesis and tanatogenesis of a critical condition, suggesting the need for its prevention and maximally rapid elimination. Objective: to analyze the efficacy and safety of infusion antihypoxants used in critically ill children from the results of researches. Materials and methods. Available investigations dealing with infusion therapy in children and papers on the use of infusion antihypoxants in adults in 2005 to 2013 were sought in the medical databases PubMed and Cochrane Library with their free availability and analyzed. Results. The analysis included 70 trials. The pathophysiology and pathobiochemistry of hypoxia in critically ill children are given; the current principles of its correction by infusion therapy are considered in detail. Particular emphasis is placed on trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of succinic acid solutions in children. Main indications for and contraindications to their use are demonstrated. Conclusion. The use of Krebs cycle substrate-based infusion antihypoxants (malate, succinate) is an effective and promising procedure for the intensive therapy and correction of hypoxia in both adults and children with critical conditions. Considering the fact that papers on the use of infusion antihypoxants in children are scanty, there is a need for further investigations.

Synthesis and characterization of poly(m-aminophenol)-succinat

Poly(m-aminophenol) (PMAP) and poly(m-aminophenol)-succinat compound (PMAP-Suc) containing ester bridge were synthesized in this study. PMAP were synthesized by chemical oxidative polymerization of m-aminophenol (MAP) in HCl medium with ammonium peroxydisulphate (APS) as an initiator at different temperatures. The optimum polymerization conditions (temperature: 25 °C, reaction time: 4 h, normalized MAP/APS ratio, k: 0.625 and mol of MAP/mol of APS, r: 0.5) of PMAP were determined. PMAP was esterified in N-methyl pyrrolidone by using solution of succinic acid as cross-linking agent and concentrated sulphuric acid as catalyst under appropriate ambient conditions. The general scheme of esterification and cross-linking reaction for PMAP is proposed. These reactions were also evidenced by spectroscopic, thermal and surface morphology as well as structural characteristics relationship of macromolecules. The structures of PMAP and PMAP-Suc were characterized by solubility test, FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, UV–vis spectroscopy, thermal (TGA-DTA) and SEM analyses.

Succinic acid in aqueous solution: connecting microscopic surface composition and macroscopic surface tension.

The water-vapor interface of aqueous solutions of succinic acid, where pH values and bulk concentrations were varied, has been studied using surface sensitive X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. It was found that succinic acid has a considerably higher propensity to reside in the aqueous surface region than its deprotonated form, which is effectively depleted from the surface due to the two strongly hydrated carboxylate groups. From both XPS experiments and MD simulations a strongly increased concentration of the acid form in the surface region compared to the bulk concentration was found and quantified. Detailed analysis of the surface of succinic acid solutions at different bulk concentrations led to the conclusion that succinic acid saturates the aqueous surface at high bulk concentrations. With the aid of MD simulations the thickness of the surface layer could be estimated, which enabled the quantification of surface concentration of succinic acid as a multiple of the known bulk concentration. The obtained enrichment factors were successfully used to model the surface tension of these binary aqueous solutions using two different models that account for the surface enrichment. This underlines the close correlation of increased concentration at the surface relative to the bulk and reduced surface tension of aqueous solutions of succinic acid. The results of this study shed light on the microscopic origin of surface tension, a macroscopic property. Furthermore, the impact of the results from this study on atmospheric modeling is discussed.

ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF ETHANOLAMINE, SUCCINIC ACID AND SERINE WHEN TREATING HATCHING EGGS

The aim is to study the effect of a solution of ethanolamine, succinic acid and serine on the development of broiler chickens, their bl ood chemistry, egg hatchability and the hatching of chicks. By participating in biological oxidation reactions and also, probably, the more effective creation, primarily, of phospholipid membranes, the application of a complex solution of ethanolamine, suc cinic acid and serine led to the production of young with higher anti - oxidant capacities, high natural resistance and hence the improved viability of individuals. The hatching of the experimental group was 84.4 % vs. 9.4 % for the control group. The follow ing biochemical parameters of the poults’ blood were obtained: peroxidase and superoxide dismutase increased in SOD by 70 % and in peroxidases by 1.2 times, respectively, but Schiff bases and malondialdehyde decreased by 30 % and 10 %, respectively. Keywor ds: chickens, embryogenesis, antioxidants, ethanolamine, succinic acid, serine.

Study of Monometallic Pd/TiO2 Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Succinic Acid in Aqueous Phase

A series of 2 wt % Pd/TiO2 monometallic catalysts were prepared by varying some parameters, such as the nature of the precursor salt, the titania support, and the preparation method. The structural and textural properties of the catalytic systems were fully characterized by several physical and chemical techniques (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, N2 physisorption, H2 chemisorption, transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and gas phase reaction of cyclohexane dehydrogenation). The catalytic performances were further estimated for the hydrogenation of an aqueous solution of succinic acid (SUC) performed in a batch reactor at 160 °C and under 150 bar total pressure. The results showed that all the Pd catalysts are very selective to produce γ-butyrolactone, the first hydrogenated product. However, the rate of succinic acid conversion is a function ...

Экономическая эффективность от использования коламина, янтарной кислоты и серина, применяемых для трансовариальной обработки инкубационных яиц

Показано, что двукратная обработка инкубационных яиц комплексным раствором коламина, янтарной кислоты и серина способствовует снижению действия технологических стрессов и приводит к увеличению количества выведенного здорового молодняка и снижению затрат на производство продукции.

Solubility of succinic acid in different aqueous solvent mixtures: Experimental measurement and thermodynamic modeling

Data on corresponding solid–liquid equilibrium of succinic acid in different aqueous solvent mixtures was measured with temperature range from 278.15K to 333.15K under atmospheric pressure by employing the gravimetric method. The experimental results indicated that the solubility of succinic acid in the binary mixtures increases with increasing both temperature and mass fraction of organic solvents. The experimental data were well-correlated with the modified Apelblat equation, the λh equation and the van’t Hoff equation. In addition, the calculated solubilities showed good agreement with the experimental results. It was found that the modified Apelblat equation could obtain the better correlation results than the other two models. The standard enthalpy, standard entropy, and Gibbs free energy change of solution of succinic acid were calculated from the solubility data by using the modified Apelblat model. Moreover, the experimental data and model parameters would be useful for optimizing the process of purification of succinic acid in industry.

Highly ordered supermicroporous aluminosilicates with cubic Pm3n symmetry fabricated in weakly acidic solution

Highly ordered supermicroporous aluminosilicates with cubic Pm3n symmetry were prepared for the first time in weakly acidic solutions of succinic acid and malonic acid using dodecyltriethylammonium bromide as a template. The polycarboxylic acids acted as auxiliaries for fabricating the cubic Pm3n structure as well as weak acids. Thermally stable aluminosilicates with a high utilization ratio of Al could be obtained in the presence of succinic acid by either facilely adding aluminum source into the initial synthesis gel or by grinding the as-made silica-surfactant composite with aluminum nitrate. In contrast, thermally stable aluminosilicates could only be prepared via a post-synthesis approach in the presence of malonic acid, probably because of the powerful coordination tendency between malonic acid and Al cations. The thermal stability of the aluminosilicates was enhanced because of the incorporation of Al into the framework or grafting of Al onto the pore walls. Aluminosilicates prepared via the post-synthesis approach preserved the cubic Pm3n structure better than the directly-synthesized ones. In spite of the kind of polycarboxylic acids or the preparation methods, Al was predominantly tetrahedrally coordinated. The aluminosilicates showed a high specific area and pore volume, especially for the post-synthesized ones. The pore size was in the supermicroporous range evidenced by N2 physisorption, though that of the aluminosilicates prepared via the post-synthesis approach was larger. TEM images verified the Pm3n symmetry of the materials herein. The cubic Pm3n aluminosilicates prepared in our research exhibited equal reactivity but a much pronounced deactivation resistance property in the acetalization of cyclohexanone with pentaerythritol.

Esterification of bio-based succinic acid in biphasic systems: Comparison of chemical and biological catalysts

Different chemical and biological catalysts were screened for the biphasic esterification of aqueous solutions of succinic acid with 1-octanol. Among them, DBSA, Nafion NR-50 and Novozym 435 were found to be the most attractive catalysts. The pH, the temperature and the catalyst concentration had high impacts on the reaction rates. The optimization of the reaction conditions with a single-variable approach for the chemical catalysts and a Response Surface Methodology for the enzyme allowed an increase of the rates by a factor 1.5 for DBSA, 2.3 for Nafion NR-50 and 1.3 for Novozym 435. Real fermentation broths produced from recombinant Escherichia coli could be successfully esterified with conversions up to 93% for DBSA and 70% for Nafion NR-50 and Novozym 435 as catalysts. Finally, DBSA was selected as the cheapest and most active option. Besides, the esters were isolated with a purity of 83% from fermentation broth solutions. DBSA also catalyzed the esterification of succinic acid from fermentation broth with many alcohols creating a broad spectrum of interesting esters. The esters might then be used as end-product, hydrolyzed back to pure succinic acid or hydrogenated.

Separation of succinic acid from its salts on a high-silica zeolite bed

Succinic acid production from renewable resources might replace production of several petroleum derived chemicals. This study focuses on development of a sorption process for efficient separation of succinic acid from its salts in a low pH fermentation medium. Therefore, solutions of succinic acid in water and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at pH 2.8–4.7 were eluted over high-silica ZSM-5 zeolite particles, which were packed in laboratory columns. Succinic acid adsorbed well, whereas succinate salts eluted from the column with an early breakthrough. A mathematical model, involving succinic acid dissociation, described the breakthrough behavior correctly. The presence of acetic acid slightly reduced the observed succinic acid capacity, but most acetic acid eluted during succinic acid loading, which is favorable. The adsorbed succinic acid was completely desorbed already when the temperature was increased to 80 °C. Experiments with fermentation medium decreased the column's capacity, but this was restored by calcining at 600 °C. So succinic acid was separated from its salts without use of additional chemicals such as acids or bases. Issues that require further study are modeling nonlinear mass transfer, and the prolonged use of sorbent, especially when using fermentation medium.