Potassium Permanganate Solution Research Articles

A case report of female vaginal myiasis

Introduction and importance: Myiasis, a rare affliction, is distinguished by the infestation of human organs by larvae of the Diptera species. Although myiasis is commonly observed in the skin, eyes, ears, and nasopharynx, the occurrence of human genital myiasis is infrequent. Instances of vulvar and prolapsed uterus myiasis have been previously documented. Case presentation: In this study, we present a case of vaginal myiasis in a young female residing in the warm and humid climate of south China. The treatment approach involved manual extraction of the maggots and vaginal irrigation with a 0.01% potassium permanganate solution for 7 days. As one month followed up, she was cured and then change residence, the vaginal myiasis was not recurrence. Clinical Discussion: In reported myiasis cases, mechanical extraction of maggots, debridement of necrotic tissue, and irrigation with antiseptic solutions, such as 1% ivermectin solution in propylene glycol were the treatment of myiasis. In this case, a low-concentration solution of potassium permanganate, serving as an oxidizing agent, was utilized as a vaginal douching agent, and had a good effect. Conclusion Vaginal: Infestation of maggots likely occurred due to unsanitary intercourse in a suitable environment, removal of maggots and vaginal irrigation with low concentration solution of potassium permanganate may be an effective therapy.

Dissipation kinetics, dietary risk assessment and decontamination studies of tolfenpyrad in okra

QuEChERS method with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique was employed for the estimation of tolfenpyrad residues in okra crop. The method was validated in terms of linearity, matrix effect, limit of quantification (LOQ), limit of detection, recovery, repeatability and reproducibility as per SANTE (2021) guidelines. After two applications of tolfenpyrad @150 (X), 187.5 (1.25X), 300 g a.i. ha−1 (2X), the mean initial residues were found to be 0.57, 0.78, and 1.21 mg kg −1. The residues reached below limit of quantification of 0.01 mg kg−1 after 10th, 15th, and 20th day at all the three doses, respectively. Dissipation kinetics of tolfenpyrad in okra was calculated to follow first order kinetics with half-life (T1/2) values of 2.10, 2.16, and 2.24 days at X, 1.25X and 2X dosages, respectively. Risk assessment in terms of hazard quotient (HQ) revealed that the application of tolfenpyrad was safe for safe consumption. Decontamination processes involved tap water wash, soaking in 2% salt solution, soaking in 2% salt solution along with boiling, soaking in 0.1% sodium bicarbonate solution, soaking in 0.01% potassium permanganate solution, boiling and frying. Frying followed by soaking in 2 per cent salt solution along with boiling proved to be highly effective in reducing tolfenpyrad residues by 80–85 and 76–79 per cent, respectively at all the three treatments.

Advances in making Mn oxide‐coated sands

AbstractManganese (Mn) oxide‐coated sand has been suggested as an amendment for scrubbing metals in water filtration beds and also as a less concentrated medium for uniformly amending soils with Mn oxides in mesocosm scale studies. Earlier work at the lab bench scale, using potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solutions that were reduced with sodium (Na) lactate, resulted in sands coated with about 0.13% Mn. The goal of this project was to increase the amount of Mn oxide that could be coated on sand to make it a more useful amendment and also to attempt to scale up the procedure to produce larger (kg) quantities of coated sand. Titration experiments examined the effects of (1) varying the molar ratio of Na lactate to KMnO4, (2) varying the rate at which the titration was accomplished, and (3) varying the concentration (molarity) of the original KMnO4 solution. The results of this work led to an optimal approach utilizing 0.32 M KMnO4 solution that was titrated to a final lactate:permanganate ratio of ∼1.1 with 10% of the lactate being added every 10 min while the suspension was being stirred. The proportion of sand to an initial solution was also increased 5–20 fold to between 50 and 200 g per 100 mL of solution. Applying this method and using a large 20‐ to 30‐L reaction vessel yields sands coated with up to 0.7% Mn in batches 5–10 kg is size, which could be useful as an amendment in mesocosm scale studies, or as a component of treatment filter beds. The examination of various size fractions of the coated sands demonstrated that more Mn was coated on finer sand fractions, which appears to be a function of the particle surface area available for the coating of Mn oxides, and at a rate of 0.3–0.5 µg Mn mm−2 of the particle surface.

Окисление керогена горючих сланцев перманганатом калия в щелочной среде

We carried out the analytical oxidation of kerogen samples from oil shales of Ordovician kukersite from the Baltic region, Domanik shales from Timan-Pechora and Upper Jurassic oil shales of the Kashpir deposit by potassium permanganate in an alkaline medium. We performed a single-stage oxidation with 3.5 % solution of potassium permanganate, followed by analysis of trimethylsilyl derivatives of carboxylic acids using chromatography-mass spectrometry, and multi-stage oxidation by 0.5 % solution of potassium permanganate and analysis of oxidation products using IR spectroscopy. Some n-alkyl structures are peripherally associated with the kerogen matrix in the kerogen of Domanik and Jurassic shales, while in the structure of kukersite kerogen, n-alkyl structures are mainly connecting links for larger fragments. Milder, in case of a multi-stage process, oxidation results in formation of large fragments of kerogen, generally repeating its carbon structure, but more oxidized.

Physical, strength and acoustic properties of lightweight cement composite with preplaced chemically-treated crumb rubber

The valorisation of waste tyre crumb rubber (CR) as a sustainable construction material can alleviate environmental pollution and save natural aggregate consumption. However, its use in cement composite can result in a significant loss of strength due to weak adhesion and the non-uniform dispersion of CR. To compensate this strength loss, this research aims to investigate the innovative incorporation of chemically treated CR via the preplaced aggregate mixing (PM) method in producing a lightweight cement composite. The CR was treated with different chemicals, namely soaking in potassium permanganate and sulphuric acid solutions. The findings reveal a significant improvement in compressive strength (up to 160%) and water absorption reduction (from 20% to 175%) using the chemically treated CR and PM mixing methods, producing a lightweight cement composite with a density of about 1535 kg/m3. The SEM observation demonstrates the improvement in the CR–paste interface due to the treatment of the CR and the PM mixing methods, and due to the chemical treatment, which improved the wettability of the CR. On the other hand, the sound absorption and noise reduction coefficient of the chemically treated CR lightweight cement composite was almost similar for both the normal mixing (NM) and the PM methods. Overall, the results demonstrate that the CR treatment with sulphuric acid is promising for the PM method to produce a lightweight cement composite.

Effect of Acid-Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization Temperatures on the Hydrochar Properties for Supercapacitor Application

The investigation of biomass-based, cost-effective, efficient, and environmentally materials with high power density and fast ion/electron transfer is intensively carried out for the development of renewable energy storage devices. Pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) are two common methods of thermochemical conversion to synthesize biomass-derived based carbon. Compared to the pyrolysis method, HTC is a more promising strategy because it can be carried out without a pre-drying process, has a high yield, low ash content, and requires a relatively low temperature (180-250 °C). The carbon produced from the HTC process is known as hydrochar. This study reports the acid-assisted hydrothermal carbonization temperature on the hydrochar properties and its application for supercapacitor electrodes. Hydrochar was synthesized from extracted avocado seed waste with potassium permanganate and sulfuric acid catalyst solution at 200 °C for 12 h. The effect of one- and two-stage HTC temperature on the hydrochar properties were compared. The hydrochar characterization includes yield, SEM, XRD, FTIR, and cyclic voltammetry analysis. According to the characterization and analysis results, hydrochar produced has the 3D porous network morphology and the highest specific capacitance of 73.54 F/g. In conclusion, hydrochar derived from avocado seed through the acid-assisted HTC can be a potential way for supercapacitor electrodes.

Increased durability of glass composites

Composite materials based on cement binders are currently among the widely used for the construction of transport structures. In accordance with regulatory requirements, concrete for transport construction must have improved physical, mechanical and operational properties. One of the areas that makes it possible to obtain materials with improved properties is the use of various fillers, including waste from industrial enterprises. Among the variety of man-made waste, a significant part is broken glass, which is an effective secondary resource and can be used in the construction industry to produce binders, fillers, composites and structures based on them. The article presents the results of research aimed at increasing the durability of composite materials based on cement binders filled with cullet. Effective additives have been proposed to reduce the reactivity of broken glass with binders. Processing of experimental data was carried out using experimental planning methods. The study of the experimental design showed that it is possible to reduce the number of factors previously involved in the formation of the experimental planning matrix. It was established that the reduction in the number of factors is carried out with a confidence probability of at least 0,95. Experimental studies were carried out on the biological resistance of composites filled with broken glass and their components under the influence of filamentous fungi. It has been established that pre-treatment of the filler surface with a 1, 3, 5 % solution of potassium permanganate helps impart fungicidal properties to the composites, and treatment with a 7,5 % solution makes it possible to obtain filled materials with fungicidal properties.

THE INFLUENCE OF THE SYNHTETIC WAY OF LAYERED-TYPE MANGANSESE DIOXIDE ON THE PROPERTIES OF CATHODE MATERIALS FOR AQUEOUS ZINC-ION BATTERIES

This research presents an analysis of physico-chemical, structural and electrochemical properties of cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries based on manganese dioxide with birnessite-type structure in dependence on the conditions of hydrothermal synthesis. The manganese oxides obtained are capable to the reversible zin ions intercalation into the crystal lattice because of large interlayer distances. They were considered two approaches of synthesis: a reaction between manganese sulfate and potassium permanganate at 160 °С (MnO2-I) and a hydrothermal treatment of potassium permanganate solution at 220 °С (MnO2-II). From the structural analysis it was shown that both methods allow obtaining the birnessite-type manganese dioxide. At the same time, electrochemical properties of cathodes obtained differ in the models of aqueous zinc-ion batteries. MnO2-II material demonstrate higher initial specific capacity (180 mAh∙g-1 at current density 0.3 A∙g-1) while its cyclic stability is on 40% lower than for MnO2-I material. This can be explained with higher surface area of the active material and lower crystallinity.

Shelf life enhancement technique of Musa acuminata in a controlled environment and optimization of process parameters affecting shelf life using genetic algorithm.

An economical and effective storage solution has been designed in this work for the storage of postharvest fruits and vegetables. Musa acuminata or banana has a shelf life of 5-6 days in open uncontrolled environment. This article reports a storage solution of M. acuminata in a controlled enclosure containing titanium oxide (TiO2 )-coated inner walls and irradiated with ultraviolet ray of band "C," an air filtration unit, 5% by volume potassium permanganate (KMnO4 ) solution in a clay pot, grow lights, and activated charcoal granules. The same fruit was kept in an uncontrolled environment too. The percentages of dark spots on banana (M. acuminata) upon storage in controlled and uncontrolled environments have been estimated using an image-processing algorithm. The prediction of dark spots was conducted using multi-linear and multivariate polynomial regression. Experimentation with optimum process parameters obtained with genetic algorithm resulted in a shelf life extension of 6 days as compared to its storage in an uncontrolled environment. The setup can be used in vegetable and fruit markets for the extension of shelf life of postharvest perishable items in a compact and cost-effective manner. The setup does not use any refrigeration process thereby decreasing energy requirement.

“HOOF WOODPECKER” AT CORONARY BAND AND HOOF WALL LEVEL IN FORESTRY ENVIRONEMENT WORKING HORSES

"Hoof woodpeckers or penetrating foreign bodies in the hoof are frequently found in working horses. A special pathology is encountered in horses that work in forestry environment. Unlike the metalic foreing body (so called clou de rue) that just penetrate the sole, the wood goes in by hammering (by sudden pressure). Movement between the hoof and the 3rd phalanx causes the foreign body to advance in depth. The study was carried out on a number of 54 working horses in the forestry environment, males, aged between 4 and 14 years. The diagnosis was established on the basis of the clinical examination and the history, the radiological examination being inconclusive. As a particularity, the fragmentation of wooden foreign bodies does not occur at the time of extraction but at the time of hammering through the hard tissues due to the forces that determine the change of the penetration trajectory. Restraint was achieved by physical and chemical means (sedation and anesthesia). The wound was cleaned and then the hole in the hoof wall was widened with the help of the hoof knife. The foreign body was extracted using a thick forceps or a dental extraction forceps. The dressing was changed every 48h until healing. The wound had been washed with potassium permanganate solution (KMnO4) or betadine 10%."

Study on anionic dye toxicity reduction from simulated media by MnO2/agro-biomass based-AC composite adsorbent

In order to reduce the consequences of increased by-products generated by demand for plants essential oil extraction factories, it is important transforming such waste disposal into useful materials. Herein, efficient adsorbent from residues of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves (ECL-AC) supported αMnO2 was prepared by the redox reaction between Mn2+ and Mn7+ at approximatively neutral pH and ECL-AC to increase their interactions contributing to the enhanced adsorptive capacity for Helianthine from aqueous media. The by-product was simultaneously activated by impregnation in Potassium permanganate solution as oxidizing agent followed by heating in tubular furnace under controlled atmosphere, resulting in α-MnO2-AC adsorbent. Prior to removal tests, the prepared AC- MnO2 sample was characterized for functional groups (IRFT) and pores structure by evaluation the iodine number (IN) and methylene blue index (MBI). Parameters affecting Helianthine uptake such as equilibrium time, adsorbent dose, solution pH and temperature were also studied. Well known adsorption isotherm models namely, Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin were used for data analysis and better described by Langmuir model with a maximum uptake of 64.71 mg/g at pH 2.08. The surface area estimation indicates that AC-MnO2 better described by Langmuir model. The surface area estimation indicates that MnO2-AC is microporous/mesoporous material. Calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Helianthine dye onto MnO2-AC is a spontaneous and exothermic process. Results indicate that this doped biomass based-activated carbon can be used successfully as an alternative low-cost adsorbent in the removal of Helianthine from industrial effluents.

Fine Flow Structure at the Miscible Fluids Contact Domain Boundary in the Impact Mode of Free-Falling Drop Coalescence

Registration of the flow pattern and the matter distribution of a free falling liquid drop in a target fluid at rest in the impact mode of coalescence when the kinetic energy (KEn) of the drop exceeds its available surface potential energy (ASPe) was carried out by photo and video recording. We studied the evolution of the fine flow structure at the initial stage of the cavity formation. To carry out color registration, the observation field was illuminated by several matrix LED and fiber-optic sources of constant light. The planning of experiments and interpretation of the results were based on the properties of the complete solutions of the fundamental equations of a fluid mechanics system, including the transfer and conversion of energy processes. Complete solutions of the system of equations describe large-scale flow components that are waves or vortices as well as thin jets (ligaments, filaments, fibers, trickles). In experiments, the jets are accelerated by the converted available surface potential energy (ASPe) when the free surfaces of merging fluids were eliminated. The experiments were performed with the coalescence of water, solutions of alizarin ink, potassium permanganate, and copper sulfate or iron sulfate drops in deep water. In all cases, at the initial contact, the drop begins to lose its continuity and breaks up into a thin veil and jets, the velocity of which exceeds the drop contact velocity. Small droplets, the size of which grows with time, are thrown into the air from spikes at the jet tops. On the surface of the liquid, the fine jets leave colored traces that form linear and reticular structures. Part of the jets penetrating through the bottom and wall of the cavity forms an intermediate covering layer. The jets forming the inside layer are separated by interfaces of the target fluid. The processes of molecular diffusion equalize the density differences and form an intermediate layer with sharp boundaries in the target fluid. All noted structural features of the flow are also visualized when a fresh water drop isothermally spreads in the same tap water. Molecular diffusion processes gradually smooth out the fast-changing boundary of merging fluids, which at the initial stage has a complex and irregular shape. Similar flow patterns were observed in all performed experiments; however, the geometric features of the flow depend on the individual thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the contacting fluids.

The study of capillarity phenomena by means of ImageJ software

"Capillarity phenomena appear due to different molecular forces acting between fluid molecules located at the interface with either another fluid or a solid. The macroscopic description of the phenomenon can be done in terms of surface tension. In this paper, we determined the surface tension coefficient of aqueous solution of potassium permanganate by means of Jurin's law and also made diameter measurements and capillary ascents on images by using ImageJ software. Furthermore, we studied the capillary phenomena between two parallel and non- parallel plates. In the case of non-parallel plates, employing a special plugin of the ImageJ software, we determined the equation of the rectangular hyperbola drawn by the surface of liquid rising between plates. These experiments can be performed at elementary level and, additionally, used as a stimulus to discover more advanced topics."

Controlled and Uniform Wet Etching of Molybdenum Nanowires

We achieved the controlled recess of molybdenum (Mo), which is alternative interconnect material for copper (Cu), by wet chemical etching. This wet etching process includes two main steps which are chemical oxidation of Mo and its subsequent dissolution, respectively. Firstly, Mo nanowires (NWs) are uniformly oxidized with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution in acetone. Secondly, the Mo oxide is dissolved using an aqueous solution of HCl. Mo NWs are characterized through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging after each of the above steps. Cyclic etching experiments including oxidation and dissolution of Mo showed that Mo recess is linear and can be controlled for each cycle, where the etching produced the smooth Mo surface. This controlled Mo recess is crucial for the fabrication of next-generation metal interconnects.

On the chemistry of Beckurt’s test for physostigmine: A novel hydride transfer

Beckurt treated physostigmine hydrochloride with dilute potassium permanganate solution and observed separation of manganese dioxide. Since at first sight there is no reaction site for this oxidation, it was interesting to clear up the reaction route of this test. Acid hydrolysis of this O-phenylcarbamate yielded the phenolic derivative of the three-ring indole alkaloid hydrochloride. Now are present at para-position an electrodotic group and a positive charged nitrogen atom. However, this nitrogen has an octet of electrons; thus, for reaction to occur a hydride ion must be displaced. This can happen in the presence of a hydride acceptor, that is, by reduction of permanganate ion. This chemical deportment has been postulated recently in a completely different reaction sequence. So, our proposal is a novel one. The mechanism of the following inorganic steps to the final product has not been advanced, and it is provided in this communication.

Preparation of layered manganese dioxide nanoparticles by microwave discharge in liquid: a simple, rapid and direct synthetic method

Manganese dioxide is one of the key materials in battery, adsorption media, and catalytic materials in the environmental field because of its excellent properties. In this investigation, new synthetical technology—the microwave discharge plasma in liquid method was used directly to make manganese dioxide with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution. The synthesis was realized in one step by the microwave discharging plasma in potassium permanganate aqueous solution without using any dispersants or stabilizers. The reduction time was very short, it only takes 3 min to complete the reduction of the 0.2 mmol l−1 potassium permanganate solution for the formation of MnO2. The structure characteristics and adsorption-desorption curves were studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), transmission electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XRD, etc. it was found that the synthesized manganese dioxide nano-sheet had a layered structure and a large specific surface area (248.89 m2 g−1). The methylene blue was used to validate the effectiveness of the prepared manganese dioxide. The results showed that the synthesized manganese dioxide had good adsorption and photocatalytic properties. In conclusion, the microwave liquid-phase discharge plasma is a very effective reduction method with potential development.

Obstetrical Management of Partial Uterine Prolapse in a Mare

Uterine Prolapse is termed as the eversion of the uterus or casting of ‘’wethers’’ or casting of calf bed. It is a common complication of the third stage of labor and more common in pleuripara than primipara. Uterine prolapse is common in cows and ewes, but rarely seen in mares, dogs, and cats. A six-year-old female pony was brought to the emergency unit at the Obstetrics Unit of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute Orathanadu, with a history of aborted pre-term (eight months) a day before and the mass hanging through the vulva. On clinical examination, the animal was dull and in a standing posture, the congested mucous membrane with tachycardia was noticed. Further examination of the mass revealed severe congestion and edema of the prolapsed uterus with no evidence of fetal membrane remnants. A vaginal examination explored constricted cervix. Blood samples were collected for hematology and serum biochemistry. Upon epidural anesthesia, the prolapsed mass was washed with potassium permanganate solution and then a hypertonic solution. After 10 minutes, the mass was washed with warm normal saline. Using Cetrimide cream as a lubricant and an antiseptic, the mass was reduced and repositioned. No Buhner’s suture was applied. Mare has received 40 IU of oxytocin for the involution process to begin. Systemic antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs were administered for five days. Uterine lavage was done for three days with normal saline and povidone-iodine to aid in uterine clearance. On consequent days, the mare had improved and the cervix was closed with no discharge. The mare had an uneventful recovery.

Electrocapacitive and electrocatalytic performances of hydrochar prepared by one-step hydrothermal carbonization without further activation

Abstract Hydrochar was produced from extracted avocado seed using one-step hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at a temperature of 200 °C for 12 h. The effects of various feedstock solutions on the specific surface area, morphology, pore characteristics, crystallinity, and chemical bonding were investigated to confirm the changes in the electrochemical performances of the produced hydrochar. The presence of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) and ammonia (NH4OH) solution in the HTC process successfully produced a porous graphite-like structure of hydrochar with the highest surface area and specific capacitance. Moreover, it also exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance toward the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR), with a current density of 2.15 mA cm−2 via the 2-electron pathway. These results imply that the HTC process can produce hydrochar with high electrocapacitive and electrocatalytic performances even without further activation at high temperatures.

Определение частных порядков реакции восстановления перманганата калия этанолом в различных средах

A spectrophotometric kinetic study of the reaction of the potassium permanganate reduction by excess ethanol in acidic, neutral and alkaline environments was performed. The reaction mixtures were prepared from the solutions of potassium permanganate of different concentrations (0.0004, 0.001 and 0.002 М) and either the solutions of sulphuric acid (1, 3 and 10 %), water, or the solutions of sodium hydroxide (0.01, 0.04 and 0.1 М). The kinetic curves were recorded with the spectrophotometer at the wavelengths of 525 nm (in acidic environment), 400 nm (in neutral environment) and 605 nm (in alkaline environment). The initial reaction rates were determined from the slopes of the initial linear parts of the kinetic curves. Using the differential van’t Hoff method, the partial reaction orders were determined. It was shown that in the acidic environment the partial reaction order with respect to permanganate is close to 1.5, and that with respect to hydrogen ions is close to 0.6. In the neutral and alkaline environments the reaction obeys the first partial order with respect to permanganate, and the partial order of the reaction in alkaline environments with respect to hydroxyl-ions is close to 0.8. It was also shown that the effective rate constants of the reaction in acidic and alkaline environments are significantly higher than that in neutral environment

Enhanced removal of phenolic compounds via irreversible sorption using manganese oxides immobilized on oxidized humin

In this study, to resolve the formation of manganese ions (Mn2+) and radical products of the 1-napthol removal reaction via birnessite, humin was oxidized in a potassium permanganate solution to synthesize humin–manganese oxides (Ox–Hu/δ-MnO2). Experiments were performed to compare the radical products and 1-napthol removal efficiencies of Ox–Hu/δ-MnO2 with different humin ratios (250–1000 mg), Ox–Hu, and δ-MnO2. In the 12.5 mg loading/batch experiment, the 1-napthol reaction rate constant (k1 = 0.12) was over three times higher for Ox–Hu/δ-MnO2 (250 mg) than for Ox–Hu/δ-MnO2 (500–1000 mg) and the absorbed Mn2+ was effectively eluted in the reacted solution (Mn2+ < 0.025 mg/L). High-performance liquid chromatography results of extracted mediator reaction products revealed that most of the 1-napthol and polymer reaction products (e.g, 1,4-napthoquinon) were recovered from Ox–Hu and δ-MnO2 but not from Ox–Hu/δ-MnO2, confirming that the residues were strongly bound in Ox–Hu/δ-MnO2. Therefore, Ox–Hu/δ-MnO2 enhanced the 1-napthol removal efficiency via the δ-MnO2 mediated oxidation coupling reaction and by irreversible sorption to humin. In this study, the stability of bound residues contributes significantly to the proposed method by disposing mediators after the treatment.