Lead Nitrate Solution Research Articles

Multi-scale study of permeability evolution of a bentonite clay owing to pollutant transport: Part II. Application to an MG-bentonite

This paper is concerned with the application of a multi-scale model of permeability evolution to the simulation of permeation tests of lead nitrate solutions in a compacted natural bentonite. In a previous work, the weathered hydraulic conductivity has been measured for different pollutant concentrations. Textural and structural evolutions induced by heavy metal sorption have also been investigated, therefore giving us information about the various pore spaces that may be encountered during the process of pollutant leaching. Such knowledge has been exploited during the construction of the numerical microstructures. First of all, pure water permeability tests have been simulated, this has allowed us to ascertain the representation of compacted clay before pollutant permeation. For both Prrenjas and Wyoming clays, permeation tests after pollutant permeation have then been simulated, using connected and non-connected macro-voids configurations. Different conclusions have been drawn based on simulation results for the two different clays investigated, which are supported by experimental evidence.

Electrochemical Removal of Copper and Lead from Industrial Wastewater: Mass Transport Enhancement

Abstract The effects of ultrasonic frequencies on both the mass transport process and diffusion layer were investigated during electrochemical treatment. The rates of mass transfer at a stainless steel cathode were measured for copper and lead in dilute acidified copper sulphate and lead nitrate solutions at different ultrasonic frequencies. Concentrations in bulk solution were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. By increasing frequencies from 40 to 100 kHz, a high value for the mass transfer coefficient and an effective thinning of the diffusion layer were observed. Higher rates of mass transfer reduced energy consumption. Use of ultrasound with electrochemical processes can provide valuable contributions to remove metallic ions from industrial wastewater without using extra chemicals. The process has efficiently reduced the cost of energy consumption and deposition time.

Synthesis, spectroscopy and thermal behavior of new lead(II) complexes derived from S-methyl/benzyldithiocarbazates (SMDTC/SBDTC): X-ray crystal structure of [Pb(SMDTC)(NO 3) 2

Lead(II) complexes of S-methyldithiocarbazate (SMDTC), [Pb(SMDTC)(NO 3) 2] ( 1) and S-benzyldithiocarbazate (SBDTC), [Pb(SBDTC)(NO 3) 2] ( 2) have been synthesized for the first time and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and TGA techniques. The complexes were obtained by addition of the appropriate ligand to an aqueous ethanolic solution of lead(II) nitrate in 1:1 molar ratio. The X-ray crystal structure of complex 1 has been determined by single crystal X-ray diffractometry. In complex 1, lead(II) is in a nine coordinated sphere with seven oxygen atoms of the nitrate groups and thione sulfur, β-nitrogen of neutral bidentate NS chelating ligand. Three nitrate groups act as bidentate chelating whereas the fourth nitrate group is coordinating to the central lead(II) and at the same time it bridges with neighboring lead(II) atom. Coordination geometry of the central lead(II) atom has a tricapped trigonal prismatic arrangement with streochemically inactive lone pair. The lead atoms are linked into polymeric chains and these chains form twin polymeric ribbons linked through bridging oxygen atoms. The N–H⋯O hydrogen bond network between N SMDTC and O nitrate atom leads to self-assembled molecular conformation and stabilizes the crystal structure. The complex 2 with similar spectral and thermal behavior is expected to have a tricapped trigonal prismatic structure. The thermal behavior studies shows that the complexes start to decompose at relatively low temperature ( ca. 110 °C) to give PbS residue.

Nanosized lead lanthanum titanate (PLT) ceramic powders synthesized by the oxidant peroxo method

For the first time it is reported the synthesis of lead titanate modified with rare earth by the oxidant-peroxo method (OPM). Lanthanum was added up to 20% in mol through the dissolution of lanthanum oxide in nitric acid, followed by the addition of a solution of lead and lanthanum nitrate into an aqueous solution of titanium peroxo complexes. The amorphous precipitate formed was heat-treated at different temperatures in the range from 400 to 900 °C for crystallization. Powders were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Tetragonal perovskite structure was observed for the samples up to 15% of lanthanum substitution and cubic perovskite for sample with 20% of lanthanum. Crystallographic domains calculated by Scherrer equation showing a probable suppression of the crystallite growth in function of lanthanum content. It was observed shifting to lower frequencies of Raman modes in the range between 100 and 400 cm −1 and the vanishing of the A1(2TO) and E(1LO) modes could be attributed to transition phase from tetragonal to cubic. Electronic microscopy image revealed that the powders annealed at height temperature are spherical with sharp size distribution.

X‐ray computed tomography of peat soils: measuring gas content and peat structure

AbstractThe potential of using X‐ray computed tomography (CT) to (i) analyse individual biogenic gas bubbles entrapped within peats and (ii) produce reliable descriptors of peat structure is examined. Existing approaches used to study biogenic gas bubbles measure the gas content of volumes of peat many orders of magnitude larger than most bubbles, and are, therefore, of little use in helping to understand bubble dynamics. In many peatland studies, the description of peat structures is derived from only a few relatively basic metrics; principally the porosity, the bulk density, and the von Post humification scale. CT is applied to identify and quantitatively analyse the size, location and shape of individual gas bubbles entrapped during the saturation of a 200 cm3 sample of S. fuscum. 3421 gas bubbles were identified, ranging in size from 0·1 mm3 to 99·9 mm3. These gas bubbles were non‐randomly distributed, clustered predominantly in the vertical plane. When analysing the peat structure, Sphagnum peat and water are shown to be indistinguishable within CT scans. Peat samples were therefore prepared prior to scanning by flushing the peat with lead (II) nitrate solution to increase the linear attenuation of the Sphagnum. Sphagnum stems and branches were analysed, producing metrics of the peat structure; including stem and branch lengths, radii and orientation. In a 100 cm3 sample of S. magellanicum, the length of all Sphagnum stems totalled 1·82 m, with an average radius of 0·65 mm. The Sphagnum stems and branches were both preferentially orientated in the horizontal direction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Synthesis and characterization of lead zirconate titanate powders obtained by the oxidant peroxo method

Abstract Lead zirconate titanate (PbZr 1− x Ti x O 3 ) was synthesized by the “oxidant peroxo method (OPM)” with “ x ” between 0.25 and 0.50. Titanium metal was dissolved into a hydrogen peroxide/ammonia aqueous solution, followed by the addition of lead and zirconium nitrate solution. The amorphous precipitated precursor obtained was crystallized by heat treatment between 400 and 1000 °C. Images of transmission microscopy showed spherical particles with average diameter between 20 and 60 nm, and the presence of necks between particles treated at 700 °C. All of the unpressed powders were characterized by X-ray diffractometry and FT-Raman spectroscopy. Powder samples with “ x ” up to 0.35 showed rhombohedral structure when treated at temperatures higher than 500 °C, and tetragonal structure when “ x ” was higher than 0.40. Analysis of XRD and Raman spectroscopy of the precursor powders showed amorphous-like structures, however powders treated at 400 °C showed a structure identified as an intermediate pyrochlore phase, independently of the Zr and Ti mole ratio.

Evaluation of DNA damage and mutagenicity induced by lead in tobacco plants

Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L. var. xanthi) seedlings were treated with aqueous solutions of lead nitrate (Pb 2+) at concentrations ranging from 0.4 mM to 2.4 mM for 24 h and from 25 μM to 200 μM for 7 days. The DNA damage measured by the comet assay was high in the root nuclei, but in the leaf nuclei a slight but significant increase in DNA damage could be demonstrated only after a 7-day treatment with 200 μM Pb 2+. In tobacco plants growing for 6 weeks in soil polluted with Pb 2+ severe toxic effects, expressed by the decrease in leaf area, and a slight but significant increase in DNA damage were observed. The tobacco plants with increased levels of DNA damage were severely injured and showed stunted growth, distorted leaves and brown root tips. The frequency of somatic mutations in tobacco plants growing in the Pb 2+-polluted soil did not significantly increase. Analytical studies by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry demonstrate that after a 24-h treatment of tobacco with 2.4 mM Pb 2+, the accumulation of the heavy metal is 40-fold higher in the roots than in the above-ground biomass. Low Pb 2+ accumulation in the above-ground parts may explain the lower levels or the absence of Pb 2+-induced DNA damage in leaves.

Synthesis of lead oxide nanoparticles by Sonochemical method and its application as cathode and anode of lead-acid batteries

This paper discusses the results of a research aimed at investigating the synthesis of nanostructured lead oxide through reaction of lead nitrate solution and sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of constant frequency ultrasonic waves (Sonochemical method) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as structure director. At first, lead hydroxide was obtained in a synthesized solution and then, after filtration, it was dehydrated at the temperature of 320 °C so that nanostructured lead oxide can be produced. The effects of different parameters including lead nitrate concentration, sodium hydroxide concentration, synthesis temperature, treatment time and PVP concentration were optimized by a “one at a time” method. The prepared lead oxide powder was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Under optimum conditions, uniformed and homogeneous nanostructured lead oxide powder with more spongy morphology and particle size of 20–40 nm was obtained. The synthesized lead oxide, as anode and cathode of lead-acid batteries, showed very excellent discharge capacity (230 mA h g −1) and cycle life.

Synthesis of uniform nano-structured lead oxide by sonochemical method and its application as cathode and anode of lead-acid batteries

This paper discusses the results of a research aimed at investigating the synthesis of nano-structured lead oxide through reaction of lead nitrate solution and sodium carbonate solution by the sonochemical method. At the first, lead carbonate was obtained in a synthesized solution and then, after filtration, it was calcinated at the temperature of 320 °C so that nano-structured lead oxide can be produced. The effects of different parameters on particle size and morphology of final lead oxide powder were optimized by a “one at a time” method. The prepared lead oxide powder was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Under optimum conditions, uniformed and homogeneous nano-structured lead oxide powder with more spongy morphology and particle size of 20–40 nm was obtained. The synthesized lead oxide, as anode and cathode of lead-acid batteries, showed an excellent discharge capacity (140 mA h/g).

Removal of Pb++ in presence of surfactants

PurposeThe object of the present work is to study the kinetics of removal of Pb++ on zinc rods in the presence and absence of three surface active substances (SAS) at different concentrations of SAS and different temperatures.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a range of recently published (1973‐2003) works, which aim to provide practical and theoretical information about lead, which is a very toxic metal.FindingsLead tends to accumulate a sediment, from which it can be released by various processes of remobilization and in many cases it enters the food chain and is concentrated in fish and other edible organisms. The reaction can be considered as taking place via six steps.Research limitations/implicationsThe work is a list of recent papers which have been published in different European journals and magazines.Practical implicationsThe determination of change of Pb++ concentrations was carried out using a Perkin‐Elmer atomic absorption Spectrophotometer.Originality/valueThe rate of PbII/Zn cementation reaction in the presence of surfactants as non‐ionic (Triton‐X‐100), anionic (SDS) and cationic (CTAB) decreased compared with the blank solution (lead nitrate solution). The order of decreasing rate was as follows: Triton‐X‐100 > CTAB > SDS. The rate of cementation was increased by temperature and the value of ΔE* ranged between 27 and 33 kJmol−1, which indicated that the reaction is a diffusion‐controlled process. The presence of two different SAS in the solution is more effective than the presence of one only.

Temperature Dependence of Raman Scattering Spectra in Lead Nitrate Crystal

Thermal hysteresis in a lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 crystal with cubic symmetry was studied by using both electric and thermal measurements. A appreciable temperature variation was observed in the temperature region between 240 and 300K. However, electric, elastic, X-ray Debye temperature, thermal properties, and Raman scattering measurements found no evidence for structural transitions from 80 to 575K. The previous Raman spectra for lead nitrate were observed only at 80, 300, and 485K. To clarify unknown characteristic features concerning the dynamics of both lattice vibrations and molecules in the Pb(NO3)2 single crystal, Raman scattering study was carried out in the temperature region from 200 to 300K by the micro-Raman technique. The single crystal was grown in an aqueous solution of lead nitrate by the slow evaporation method at ð313:2{312:5Þ 0:5K in 456 h. The Raman-scattering measurements were performed in the back scattering configuration at the sample growth surface. The experimental procedures were given in ref. 10. The 532 nm line of the Nd:YVO4 laser was focused on a spot with diameter of 2 mm on the sample surface. The damage caused to the sample by the incident laser beam was not observed during the measurement. The thickness of the sample is 0:095 5 cm. The temperature was controlled to within 0:1K and the spectral resolution was set to about 2 cm . The observed spectra were fitted to a Lorentzian line shape. Frequencies, line-width, and the integrated intensities of the observed peaks were obtained by a least square method. The direction of an incident laser beam is parallel to the crystallographic C3 axis such that the electric field of the incident beam is parallel to the molecular plane of the nitrate ion. The centrosymmetric structure of Pb(NO3)2 is space group T h with four molecular units per primitive cell. According to group theoretical analysis, there are 105 fundamental vibrations divided into 48 internal vibrations and 57 external vibrations. A typical Raman spectrum in the wide frequency region was shown in Fig. 1 at room temperature. The 1 and 4 internal modes of nitrate ion are clearly observed. The forbidden 2 2 mode appeared in the Raman spectrum because of a non-linear effect. The Raman spectra of lattice modes are shown in Fig. 2 as a function of temperature in the frequency regions from 40 to 200 cm . Figure 3 also shows the temperature dependence of the 1 internal mode from 1030 to 1070 cm . The observed peaks were well fitted to the Lorentzian function. The peak positions of the lattice mode and the internal 1 mode are given in Figs. 4(a) and 4(b), respectively. The temperature dependence of full width at half maximum (abbreviated as FWHM) for these modes is shown in Fig. 5. As seen in these figures, the peak positions and widths of both the internal and lattice modes show a monotonical temperature dependence. That is, no anomalous behavior 0 50

Selective photometric determination of selenium in aqueous media

A procedure is developed for the photometric determination of selenium in aqueous media using 2-(p-nitrophenyl)-3,5-diphenyltetrazolium chloride. To selectively determine selenium, a two-stage scheme of sample preparation is chosen. It includes the gas extraction of selenium liberated as hydrogen selenide, its extraction from the gas phase to a solution of lead nitrate by liquid absorption and repeated extraction of hydrogen selenide, followed by its absorption with an aqueous reagent solution to form water-insoluble formazan. The formazan is extracted with chloroform. The concentration of selenium is determined from the absorbance of the chloroform extract of formazan. The procedure involves no special preconcentration operations and allows from 10 to 100 μg/L selenium to be determined.

Lead(IV) oxide–graphite composite electrodes: Application to sensing of ammonia, nitrite and phenols

Carbon powder modified with lead(IV) oxide was synthesised by a wet impregnation procedure from concentrated lead(II) nitrate solution. The impregnated powder was subsequently thermally treated at 823 K. Electrochemical and spectroscopic characterisation of the modified powder showed that lead(IV) oxide has been formed during the procedure. A novel composite lead(IV) oxide modified carbon powder epoxy electrode was developed for electrocatalytic sensing of gaseous, inorganic and organic analytes. The behaviour and analytical advantages of the composite electrode are evaluated with respect to determination of ammonia, nitrite ions and several different phenols. It has been demonstrated that the composite electrode can be used to analyze these analytes in standard aqueous solutions with competitively low limits of detection.

Studies on the reversal of lead induced mitostatic effect in Allium Cepa root tip cells with myrobalan (fruit of Terminalia Chebula, Retz, Combretaceae)

The present study was undertaken to find the protective role of myrobalan against lead (Pb) induced cytogenetic effects on mitosis in Allium-cepa root tip cells. Onions were initially cultivated in deionized water for 3 days and were then exposed at 100, 1000, 3000 and 10,000 ppm of lead nitrate solution for 1 hr. After exposure to lead, the onions were allowed to recover naturally or in myrobalan suspension (0.01 mg/ml) for 72 hrs. The root color, mean root length (MRL) and mitolic index (MI) were recorded and the metaphases and anaphases were scored for chromosomal aberrations. During the natural recovery (NR), roots did not grow following 1000, 3000 and 10,000 ppm Pb exposure but myrobalan treated drug recovery (DR) showed root growth following 1000 and 3000 ppm Pb exposure. The root growth was observed in both NR and DR, more in DR in 100 ppm Pb exposure. Among the control, root growth during these periods and MI did not change throughout the experimentation. Pb exposure at all concentrations, lowered MI. NR was ineffective in Pb treated root tip cells as these were seen in interphase with hypertrophied nucleoli showing mitostatic effect. DR could not revert the mitostatic effect in root tip cells exposed at 10,000 ppm Pb, however, drug could do so in 100, 1000 ppm and 3000 ppm Pb exposure. Both, NR and DR reverted mitostatic effect after 100 ppm Pb exposure and the effect was observed earlier in DR. No chromosomal aberrations could be seen at 1 hr, the cells failed to show typical metaphase arrangement. The effect appeared dose dependent. DR reverted mitostatic effect from 1 hr onwards and completed at 72 hrs in 1000 and 3000 ppm Pb exposure. At 100 ppm Pb exposure, mitostatic effect disappeared at 48 hr in NR while in DR, it reverted after 24 hr. Control root tip cells showed no mitostatic effect.

Lead sorption by a Mexican, clinoptilolite-rich tuff

The retention of lead by a Mexican, clinoptilolite-rich tuff from Oaxaca (Mexico) at different pH values was evaluated and the lead sorption mechanisms on the zeolitic material in this work were discussed. Isotherms were determined using lead nitrate solutions (initial pH values between 2 and 5) at 303 K. After the equilibrium was reached, the content of lead in the liquid phases was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The elemental composition of the clinoptilolite-rich tuff before and after the lead sorption process was evaluated by electron microscopy. The maximum ion exchange capacity of the Mexican, clinoptilolite-rich tuff for lead was 1.4 meq/g at pH 3, considering an ion exchange mechanism in the absence of any precipitated or hydrolyzed lead species in the sorption process or any change in the zeolite network. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were also considered in this work for comparison purposes. It is important to consider the nature of the sorption processes before choosing a model to describe the interaction between the metal ions and the sorbent. The chemical lead speciation, the pH, as well as the characteristics of the clinoptilolite-rich tuff are important factors to be considered on the lead sorption process by natural zeolites. The chemical species involved in that process are Na, from the zeolite and Pb2+ from the aqueous solution at pH 2 and 3, so that the ion exchange mechanism explains the lead sorption processes by the clinoptilolite-rich tuff through the ion exchange isotherms. The sodium, Mexican, clinoptilolite-rich tuff is a potential adsorbent for lead from aqueous solutions. The natural zeolite-rich tuffs are very important as ion exchangers for the treatment of polluted water due to their sorption properties and low cost. The sorption behavior of each natural material depends on their composition. Mexican, clinoptilolite-rich tuff from Oaxaca (Mexico) could be used for the treatment of waste water contaminated with lead. It would be important to propose this material as an alternative as waste water treatment, because it shows good selectivity for the removal of heavy metals from water.

Immobilization of lead by a vermicompost and its effect on white bean (Vigna Sinenis var. Apure) uptake

Lead is one of the most dangerous contaminants which has been released to the environment during many years by anthropogenic activities. Adsorption of Pb2+ on vermicompost was studied at 11°C, 30 °C and 50 °C by using Langmuir and Freundlich models, that adequately described the adsorption process, with maximum adsorption capacities were 116.3; 113.6 and 123.5 μg/g for each temperature. The differences in FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer) spectra of vermicompost at pH 3,8 and pH 7.0 in the region from 1800 to 1300 cm-1 were interpreted on the basis of carboxyl acid ionization that reduce band intensity around 1725 cm-1 producing signals at 1550 cm-1(νa) and 1390 cm-1 (νa) of carboxylate groups. Similar changes were detected at pH 3.8 when ionic lead was present suggesting that heavy metal complexation occurs throughout a cationic exchange reaction. Vermicompost was applied to a soil where white bean plants were planted. After irrigation with lead nitrate solutions the uptake of lead was reduced to 81 % in leaves and stem, while the reduction in the roots was around 50 %. The highest accumulation of lead was found in the roots and the translocations seems to be limited by the presence off vermicompost in the soil.

Quantitative complexometric determination of mercury(II) in synthetic alloys and complexes using 2-thiazolinethiol as a masking agent

A simple, rapid and selective complexometric method is proposed for the determination of mercury(II). Mercury(II) and other related metal ions are first complexed with an excess of EDTA and the surplus EDTA is back-titrated with a standard lead nitrate solution at pH 5.0–6.0 (hexamine buffer) using xylenol orange as an indicator. A 0.2% solution of 2-thiazolinethiol in acetone is then added to displace EDTA from the Hg(II)-EDTA complex. The released EDTA is titrated with a standard lead nitrate solution as before. Reproducible and accurate results are obtained in the range of 0.8 g l−1∓15.8 g l−1 of mercury with a relative error less than ±0.25% and a coefficient of variation (n = 6) not higher than 0.28%. The interference of various ions was studied and the method was employed for the analysis of mercury in its synthetic alloy mixtures and in complexes.

Complexometric Determination of Palladium(II) Using Thioacetamide as a Selective Masking Agent

A simple, rapid and accurate complexometric method for the determination of palladium(II) is proposed, based on the selective masking property of thioacetamide towards palladium(II). In the presence of diverse metal ions, palladium(II) is complexed with excess of EDTA and the surplus EDTA is back titrated at pH 5-5.5 (acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer) with standard lead nitrate solution using xylenol orange as indicator. An excess of a 0.5% aqueous solution of thioacetamide is then added to displace EDTA from Pd(II)-EDTA complex. The released EDTA is titrated with the same standard lead nitrate solution as before. Reproducible and accurate results are obtained in the concentration range 0.5 mg - 17.80 mg of palladium with relative error of +/- 0.16% and coefficient of variation not exceeding 0.26%. The effect of diverse ions is studied. The method is used for the determination of palladium in its complexes, catalysts and synthetic alloy mixtures.

UV-absorption and thermal properties of Pb-doped glymo/damo-derived coating materials prepared by sol–gel process

Organically modified silanes referred to as ORMOSILS are new type of organic–inorganic hybrids, in which the inorganic backbone can be formed by a low-temperature process and organic groups can be modified easily by sol–gel process. These hybrid materials were proposed more than 20 years ago by Philips and Schmidt [1] and have been intensively developed during the last few years, especially for optical applications [2–5]. Ordinary glass transmits an important part of UV light (such as UVB at 280–320 nm and UVA at 320–400 nm) which is dangerous to man [6]. Transition-metal salts added to starting solution provide an inorganic network containing metal ions and entrapment of these ions are very effective for decreasing the transmission property of the glass in these wavelength regions [7, 8]. In this work, a new glass coating composition containing γ -glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO)/3(2-aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane (DAMO)/lead(II)nitrate was prepared by sol–gel process. After coating an ordinary glass with this coating system, lower transmissions were obtained in the UV regions. GLYMO/Pb (1/0.1 and 1/0.01 mol/mol) compositions were also examined, but gelation occurred after addition 0.1 mol of Pb into GLYMO solution. When Pb2+ was decreased to 0.01 mol, gelation was not observed, but UV adsorption of this coating was not different from uncoated glass until thermal treatment up to 350 ◦C. Therefore, GLYMO/DAMO/Pb composition was selected as coating material for glasses and the coated glasses were thermally treated up to 500 ◦C. GLYMO, DAMO and lead nitrate were used as they were received. The coating compositions were prepared from hydrolyzed GLYMO (H2O/GLYMO:3, mol/mol), DAMO (H2O/DAMO:3, mol/mol) and lead nitrate solution (GLYMO:DAMO:Pb: 1:1:0.1, 1:1:0.01, 1:0.5:0.1 and 1:0.5:0.01, mol/mol) and they are referred hereafter as GDP0.1 and GDP0.01, GD0.5P0.1 and GD0.5P0.01.

UV-absorption and thermal properties of Pb-doped glymo/damo-derived coating materials prepared by sol–gel process

Organically modified silanes referred to as ORMOSILS are new type of organic–inorganic hybrids, in which the inorganic backbone can be formed by a low-temperature process and organic groups can be modified easily by sol–gel process. These hybrid materials were proposed more than 20 years ago by Philips and Schmidt [1] and have been intensively developed during the last few years, especially for optical applications [2–5]. Ordinary glass transmits an important part of UV light (such as UVB at 280–320 nm and UVA at 320–400 nm) which is dangerous to man [6]. Transition-metal salts added to starting solution provide an inorganic network containing metal ions and entrapment of these ions are very effective for decreasing the transmission property of the glass in these wavelength regions [7, 8]. In this work, a new glass coating composition containing γ -glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GLYMO)/3(2-aminoethylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane (DAMO)/lead(II)nitrate was prepared by sol–gel process. After coating an ordinary glass with this coating system, lower transmissions were obtained in the UV regions. GLYMO/Pb (1/0.1 and 1/0.01 mol/mol) compositions were also examined, but gelation occurred after addition 0.1 mol of Pb into GLYMO solution. When Pb2+ was decreased to 0.01 mol, gelation was not observed, but UV adsorption of this coating was not different from uncoated glass until thermal treatment up to 350 ◦C. Therefore, GLYMO/DAMO/Pb composition was selected as coating material for glasses and the coated glasses were thermally treated up to 500 ◦C. GLYMO, DAMO and lead nitrate were used as they were received. The coating compositions were prepared from hydrolyzed GLYMO (H2O/GLYMO:3, mol/mol), DAMO (H2O/DAMO:3, mol/mol) and lead nitrate solution (GLYMO:DAMO:Pb: 1:1:0.1, 1:1:0.01, 1:0.5:0.1 and 1:0.5:0.01, mol/mol) and they are referred hereafter as GDP0.1 and GDP0.01, GD0.5P0.1 and GD0.5P0.01.