Probabilistic Solution Research Articles

A GPU Algorithm for Solving the Positions of New Pulsars

Timing newly discovered pulsars requires gradually building up a timing model that connects observations taken days to months apart. This sometimes can be challenging when our initial knowledge of the pulsar’s position is arcminutes off from its true position. Such a position error leads to significant arrival time shifts as a result of the Earth’s orbital motion. Traditional down-hill fitting timing algorithms become ineffective when our model predicts the wrong pulse rotations for our next observation. For some pulsars whose model prediction is not too far off, the correct rotation number could be found by trial-and-error methods. For the remaining challenging pulsars, a more generalized method is called for. This paper proposes a GPU-based algorithm that could exhaustively search a large area of trail positions for probable timing solutions. This could help find phase-connected timing solutions for new pulsars using brute force.

Unveiling Ayurveda Aahara and regulatory provisions

Food is vital for human health, providing energy, nutrients, and other essential benefits. Ensuring food safety is of the utmost importance and crucial, as highlighted by the World Health Organization, for maintaining proper nutrition. Ayurveda, the oldest living holistic healthcare system, emphasizes equally on wellness as well as therapeutic aspects by proposing its unique dietetic principles (Aahara) as a probable solution. This could also be observed since the demand for plant-based Ayurvedafood products is surging substantially. To uphold quality, safety, standards, and efficacy in Ayurvedafood products, the Ministry of Ayush and the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) have taken the joint initiative to include a new category, that is, Ayurveda Aahara, under the ambit FSSAI regulations in May 2022. An attempt has been made to integrate Ayurveda food-related principles with contemporary scientific understanding within the regulatory framework, which is expected to strengthen India’s global position as a custodian of Ayurveda wellness practices through dietetics, thereby contributing toward United Nations Development Programme that is Sustainable development goals related to human health and wellbeing. In this manuscript, the data were collected from various online and offline sources.

Preface

The Second Edition of the International Congress on: Environment and Natural Resources: Challenges and Solutions (ENRSC2023) 30-31th, May 2023, Khenifra, Morocco About the ENRSC2023 Anthropogenic activities have progressed considerably over the last century, especially after the 1950s. The growth of the world population, industrialization, new technologies, the extension of agricultural activities at all levels due to the growing needs of the world population, the overexploitation of natural resources in different environments, etc., have been and remain the driving force behind an unbalanced model of development that has a negative impact on the environment and on natural resources. Indeed, the world is currently facing challenges at all scales, from micro- to macro-environmental issues. The serious challenges to be taken up are major concerning all physical environments - air, soil, and water. The degradation of habitats by various anthropogenic and/or natural activities has a direct impact on biodiversity and consequently on socio-economic development. The International Conference on Environment & Natural Resources: Challenges and Solutions allowed scientists from different universities and institutes to exchange and debate different themes on the environment and natural resources, their challenges, and probable solutions to reduce the environmental impact and suggest better natural resources management practices. Finally, the current global context proves to us, every day, that we must contribute each from one’s position to the mitigation of negative impacts, and that the urgency is to set up concrete and sustainable-integrated actions. After the success of the first edition of the International Congress: Environment and Natural Resources: Challenges and Solutions (ENRSC2021), the coordinating committee has decided to organise the second edition of the Congress 30-31th, May 2023. List of Congress Chairs, Keynote speakers, Organizing Committee, Scientific Committee and ENRSC2023 souvenirs are available in this Pdf.

A Perspective on Electrochemical Point Source Utilization of CO2 and Other Flue Gas Components to Value Added Chemicals.

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) has been explored extensively for mitigation of noxious CO2 gas generating C1 and C2+ hydrocarbons and oxygenates as value-added fuels and chemicals with remarkable selectivity. The source of CO2 being a pure CO2 feed, it does not fully satisfy the real-time digestion of industrial exhausts. Besides the detrimental effect of noxious gas mixture leading to global warming, there is a huge capital investment in purifying the flue gas mixtures from industries. The presence of other impurity gases affects the eCO2RR mechanism and its activity and selectivity toward C2+ products dwindle drastically. Impurities like NOx, SOx, O2, N2, and halide ions present in flue gas mixture reduce the conversion and selectivity of eCO2RR significantly. Instead of wiping out these impurities via separation processes, new strategies from material chemistry and electrochemistry can open new avenues for turning foes to friends! In this perspective, the co-electroreduction will vividly discussed and supporting role of different heteroatom-containing impurity gases with CO2, generating highly stable C─N, C─S, C─X bonds, and highlight the existing limitations and providing probable solutions for attaining further success in this field and translating this to industrial exhaust streams.

Optical multiscale model for quantification of photon recycling including incoherent light scattering

A comprehensive multiscale modeling framework for photon recycling in textured solar cells and LEDs is introduced, treating light absorption and emission on an equal footing under consideration of the full internal mode spectrum in the device. The framework seamlessly merges a coherent emission model, free from unphysical divergence and ensuring consistency with detailed balance principles, with an incoherent net-radiation model applied to optically thick layers. The scattering of light at nonplanar interfaces is taken into consideration through four characteristic mappings that depict the microscopic scattering process, which are calculated analytically or by using a Monte-Carlo ray-tracing method. The final output of the model consists of energy- and angle-resolved local emission, re-absorption, and energy flux rates for further coupling to electronic transport. To validate the model, it has been compared with analytical solutions for the re-absorption probability in an ideal semiconductor slab with either ideal Lambertian or flat surfaces. The comparison between analytical and numerical calculations shows excellent agreement.

Probabilistic solution of non-linear random ship roll motion by data-driven method

In this paper, a data-driven method is employed to investigate the probability density function (PDF) of nonlinear stochastic ship roll motion. The mathematical model of ship roll motion comprises a linear term with cubic damping and a nonlinear restoring moment represented as an odd-degree polynomial up to the fifth order. The data-driven method integrates maximum entropy, the pseudo-inverse algorithm, and a backpropagation (BP) neural network to obtain the PDF. The process begins with simulating data for the nonlinear stochastic system, followed by dimensional analysis to identify dimensionless parameter clusters. Optimization algorithms are then employed to solve for the coefficients, leading to the development of a BP neural network model trained to predict the PDF across various system characteristics and excitation intensities. The method's effectiveness is validated with Monte Carlo simulations, demonstrating high accuracy and reduced sensitivity to parameter variations.

Examining the Law Guiding Prostitution in Uganda from the Lens of Kabalagala Parish-Makindye Division

This study examines the law guiding prostitution in Uganda. The study revealed that the increasing incidents of prostitution are clear evidence that the enforcement of laws against prostitution in Uganda is ineffective as it is like containing smoke while leaving the fire burning underneath. Based on these findings, the study calls for the authorities to engage social sciences experts to find out the real causes of prostitution and their probable solutions because ‘customers’ include married people. Without this, prostitution will be here to stay despite its being against the law and morals. More so, a combination of programmes that expand income-generating opportunities needs to be developed both in the short and long term. Furthermore, prostitutes should be called upon through their advocating organization placed in vocational training courses, and given parallel forms of support for involvement in entrepreneurial activities. Similarly, continuous training needs analysis should be undertaken for prostitutes to determine appropriate skills to be imparted for productive work. Finally, behavioral change programmes should be continued to discourage and eliminate risky behaviors in the communities, in the form of live drama performances, audio and visual materials, and recreation activities targeting both community members and prostitutes. Keywords: Anti-prostitution laws, Poverty, Prostitution, Sexual exploitation, Unemployment, Victimhood

Computational Methods for Stationary and Nonstationary Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov Equations with Random Coefficients

In this paper, methodological approaches for distribution functions of nonlinear stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with uncertain parameters are elaborated. The stationary and nonstationary Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov (FPK) equations associated with the considered random equations are investigated. A semi-analytical approach based on the extended exponential closure handling the parameters uncertainty effects is presented. A new numerical method coupling the polynomial chaos with the differential quadrature method (DQM) is elaborated for the stationary case. A compact matrix formulation is established allowing considering a large number of generalized polynomial chaos. For nonstationary random FPK equations, the polynomial chaos is coupled with the quadrature discretization. A symmetric discretization of the main Fokker–Planck operator using a tensor product of the Hilbert state space and the Hilbert probabilistic space has resulted. The obtained eigenvalues and random eigenfunctions are used for a spectral decomposition. The time solution is obtained by the spectral expansion as well as by the random Euler stochastic method. The accuracy, effectiveness and advantages of the developed procedure in analyzing the stationary and nonstationary probabilistic solutions of nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems with uncertain parameters excited by a Gaussian white noise are demonstrated.

Gelation and Localization in Multicomponent Coagulation with Multiplicative Kernel Through Branching Processes

The multicomponent coagulation equation is a generalization of the Smoluchowski coagulation equation, where the size of a particle is described by a vector. Similar to the original Smoluchowski equation, the multicomponent coagulation equation exhibits gelation behavior when supplied with a multiplicative kernel. Additionally, a new type of behaviour called localization is observed due to the multivariate nature of the particle size distribution. Here we extend the branching process representation technique, which we introduced to study differential equations in our previous work, and apply it to find a concise probabilistic solution of the multicomponent coagulation equation supplied with monodisperse initial conditions. We also provide short proofs for the gelation time and characterisation the localization phenomenon.

Wine quality implications of the treatment of oak wood with plasma activated water (PAW): A preliminary study

Microbiological and chemical contamination of oak barrels poses significant challenges in the wine ageing process. This study explores the Plasma Activated Water (PAW) as an innovative probable solution for cleaning oak wood of various origins. Although data demonstrated reductions in the culturable microbial populations of three wine spoilage microorganisms from the tested wood (American, French and Spanish with medium and plus toastings), this initial study was focused on physicochemical and sensorial parameters of wines. Importantly, wines aged with PAW-treated wood showed physicochemical parameters like those of traditional oak barrel ageing, maintaining colour and avoiding oxidation. Sensory analysis revealed high quality red wines with harmonious balance of fruity and spicy notes, comparable to those treated with sulphur, without significant differences between PAW generation methods. The results of this study highlight PAW as a promising and sustainable method that might be tested in the wine industry under industrial conditions. PAW could offer an effective approach to disinfecting oak wood, ensuring consistent wine quality without compromising sensory or physicochemical attributes. This research provides a valuable preliminary contribution to the scientific community and the wine industry, paving the way for the adoption of PAW as a cutting-edge technology in wine production.

The global existence for the strong solution of the stochastic 3-D incompressible anisotropic Naiver-Stokes equations

This paper considers the stochastic 3-D incompressible anisotropic Navier-Stokes equations. We establish the global existence of a strong solution in probability when either the horizontal component of the initial data and external force is sufficiently small or the horizontal viscosity coefficient is sufficiently large.

Host range and feeding preference of Basilepta fulvicornis (Jacoby) adult beetles in the Cardamom Hill Reserves, Kerala, India

Host range and feeding behavior of Basilepta fulvicornis (Jacoby) adult beetles were studied on different plant species (25 species from 18 genera and 13 families) in the Cardamom Hill Reserves, Kerala, India. Five new host plants of B. fulvicornis adult beetles, viz., Artocarpus hirsutus Lam., Ficus auriculata Lour., Anacardium occidentale L., Spondias mangifera Willd., and Terminalia chebula Retz., are reported for the first time. Non-preference and non-feeding of B. fulvicornis adults on the larval host, Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton was confirmed. Based on the feeding area, A. hirstus, F. auriculata, Mangifera indica and Artocarpus heterophyllus are the most preferred host species followed by Terminalia catappa, A. occidentale, S. mangifera, and T. chebula. Feeding preference and survival of adult beetles of B. fulvicornis on different tree species are indicated with a probable ecofriendly pest management solution.

Prospects and problems in implementing 4AR innovations in relation to 4IR perspectives

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and the concept of the Fourth Agricultural Revolution (4AR) are interconnected, as they both refer to the application of advanced technologies. The Fourth Industrial Revolution has the power to revolutionize agriculture, enabling farmers to embrace innovation, increase productivity, and foster sustainable practices. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of knowledge and attitude of respondents; to determine the familiarity of the respondents with 4AR technologies, to measure the severity of problems perceived by the respondents concerning 4AR, to find out the suitability of solutions for adopting 4AR innovations and to explore the relationship between each of the selected characteristics of the respondents with the focused issues. Primary data were collected from purposively selected 70 respondents during the period of 1 May, 2023 to 9 May, 2023 at Khulna district through face-to-face discussions and online interviews by using a pre-tested interview schedule. Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, percentage and Spearman Coefficient of Correlation were measured for data interpretation by using SPSS. Almost 72.9% of the respondents had low knowledge of 4AR technologies and a proportion of 95.7% of the respondents had a favorable attitude toward 4AR. Maximum respondents are highly familiar with the technology of “Using an automated machine for seedling transplantation” and “Using agricultural drones in applying fertilizers and pesticides in crop fields”. The main problem based on the problem severity index was “High initial investment to purchase 4AR technologies”. The best possible solutions according to the solution index were making the 4AR technologies available at low prices in the local market” followed by financial support from the Government and other agencies. Knowledge and attitude towards 4AR technologies had a significant positive relationship with the familiarity of 4AR technologies. Training experience had a highly significant relationship with the determination of associated problems in 4AR implementation. Knowledge of 4AR and training experience had a highly significant positive relationship with the measurement of the suitability of probable solutions. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 14(1): 77-86, June 2024

IUDP: Prospects and Challenges for Implementation in Nepal: A Case Study of Godawari Municipality

The IUDP represents Nepal's latest comprehensive municipal-level urban planning approach, geared towards providing inclusive and sustainable development for new municipalities. However, the successful implementation of IUDP faces various challenges that demand long-term vision and guidance from municipal authorities. This study delves into the prospects and challenges of IUDP implementation in the context of Godawari Municipality by studying the selection and prioritization of projects, implementation framework of IUDP, municipal budget, and exploration of implementation issues and the probable solutions. The municipality faces significant challenges in IUDP project implementation, including legal constraints, transparency issues, limited budget, political willpower, lack of technical support, complexities in land ownership, road standard compliance, community ownership, and shortage of technical experts, all highlighting the necessity of a specific implementation framework. Addressing critical challenges through formalizing ward committees, clear project selection guidelines, streamlined procedures, financial accountability, strengthened planning commission, cost-effective expert consultants, community ownership, sustainable forest conservation norms, and enhanced staff capacity is essential for successful and sustainable IUDP implementation in Godawari Municipality, contributing to holistic regional development. The prospects of IUDP implementation in Godawari Municipality show promise with relevant projects, investment planning, collaborative efforts, and proposed solutions, along with a dedicated team and budget allocation that enhance the likelihood of successful and sustainable development.

Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Waitlisted Preoperative General Surgical Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India - Problems and Probable Solutions: an Observational Study.

Among patients affected by Covid-19, a large subset included those who were on preoperative general surgical waiting list for elective operations. There are very few studies on the various factors that impacted these patients during the pandemic in India. The current study aimed to analyse the factors which hampered the surgical management of such patients and to suggest implementable solutions which can mitigate those factors in future pandemics. This was a cross sectional observational study conducted from March 2021 to February 2022. Patients from the surgical register who were placed on a waiting list for routine elective procedures like hernias, gallstone disease, benign thyroid swellings, etc were included, while those with malignancy and emergencies were excluded. We sought information about their current status regarding the planned surgery, the factors which have prevented or are preventing them from accessing suitable surgical service and the current status of individually experienced symptoms. There were 38 respondents. Most of the patients belonged to the age group 40-60 years and had an average waiting period of more than six months. In 20/38 patients, surgery was postponed because of Covid-19 pandemic, seven patients were admitted but operation was postponed for various reasons, while a few others suffered due to financial difficulty or lockdown restrictions. In 23/38 patients' symptoms progressed and nine patients had unbearable symptoms at the time of the study. Two of the 38 respondents underwent emergency surgery outside the institute. All subjects knew that Covid-19 patients were being treated in the institute, where most of them were still willing to continue their treatment. Three patients refused to continue treatment because of apprehension about getting Covid-19. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Covid-19 pandemic over, experts opine that there might be more such incidents in not-too-distant future. Our study is among the few of its kind that provides some analytical data regarding the factors which prevented the general surgical patients access to surgical service in India during the Covid-19 pandemic and to suggest some implementable strategies to mitigate the effect of those factors in future pandemics.

Investigation on optimization-oriented EPC method in analyzing the non-linear oscillations under multiple excitations

The optimization-oriented exponential-polynomial-closure (OEPC) method is extended and investigated to analyze stochastic nonlinear oscillators under multiple excitations, with the purpose of obtaining probabilistic solutions for the corresponding system. The presented method extends the original EPC projection procedure for solving the FPK equation by minimizing an objective function, which is defined as the spatial integration of the weighted square residual error. Using the exponential polynomial function, the parameters within it can be located by seeking the minimum of the objective function. In this paper, the novel method has been tested with four examples of strong nonlinearities raised by polynomial nonlinear terms and parametric excitations. The results provide adequate evidence that the OEPC approach delivers notably improved accuracy compared to the Gaussian closure method and demonstrates superior efficiency compared to Monte Carlo simulation. The OEPC method presents a viable alternative for investigating stochastic nonlinear oscillators.

CHILD MARRIAGE IN INDIA: A SERIOUS VIOLATION OF CHILD HUMAN RIGHTS

Child marriage has been practiced in India and other countries since ancient times. Before the physical and mental maturity of the children they get married, without their consent which is not only harmful for their overall development but also is harmful for the development of the country at large. Child marriage is a heinous and serious violation of Child Human Rights and is a punishable offence. Still this social evil is practiced in several parts of India and the entire world. Indian Government is striving hard to eradicate this evil, which is a serious factor for degradation of the society. The future generation gets adversely affected by this evil. Several steps have been taken by the government of India to stop this evil. This paper discusses child marriage in details- the reason behind, the consequences and the probable solutions that will help India to fight against this social evil and stop child marriage. This paper specially emphasised the ill effects of child marriage on girls, who are more effected by this evil and which can even be life threatening for them.

New probabilistic solutions of the generalized shallow water wave equation with dual random dispersion coefficients

New probabilistic solutions of the generalized shallow water wave equation with dual random dispersion coefficients

Research and verification on parameter solution of mixed shock model for common cause failure based on particle swarm algorithm

AbstractMixed shock model is an explicit construction method of failure probability model based on component independent failure, system nonfatal shock, and fatal shock failure, which considers common cause failure (CCF) in redundant system. For aerospace systems, a modified mixed shock model is proposed, which considers several components may fail independently and simultaneously in operation. In order to solve the issue that the parameters of the mixed shock model cannot be solved directly based on the failure probability data, a parameter solving method based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed. Additionally, the relationship between the failure probability and the gradient of the parameter change is deduced, and the reduced‐order (RO) solution based on the gradient of the parameter change is proposed to improve the efficiency of the solution. A fitness function construction method based on the relative error of the solution probability and the true probability is proposed to improve the probability solution accuracy of multicomponent failure. The nonlinear inertia factor optimization method combined with fitness change is studied to improve the particle swarm dynamics. The accuracy of the results of different parameters solving sequence and different PSO methods are compared, and the effectiveness of the RO solution is verified. The results of the mixed shock model before and after modification are compared with the different CCF data, which verifies the effectiveness and wide applicability of the modified mixed shock model. The results show that the modified mixed shock model for CCF and its parameter solution method can significantly improve the probability solution accuracy of all components failure, and also provide a new theoretical basis and solution method for the quantitative analysis of multiredundant system failure.

Theories, determinants, and intervention models and approaches on inequalities of undernutrition amongst under fives: A literature review.

One of the greatest public health problems of the 21st century is undernutrition in children under the age of 5 years (CAUFY). Globally, over 232 million CUAFY are undernourished and approximately 45% of mortality in this population are undernutrition-induced. This paper reviewed and critically explained the factors perpetuating undernutrition in CUAFY in the global space. It further explained the multi-level determinants that influence health inequalities and consequently exacerbate undernutrition amongst CUAFY globally. It also went further to explain the intervention models and approaches that can be used to tackle undernutrition in CUAFY. Demiris et al.'s approach to narrative review was utilized for this paper. Relevant articles on child nutrition were retrieved from multiple credible databases and websites of foremost health organizations. Using an iterative process, multiple combinations of search terms were done by stringing relevant key terms and their synonyms with Boolean Operators. This process was constantly refined to align search results with the study aim. Database search produced relevant and resourceful publications which were utilized to develop this review. The global burden of undernutrition remains high, especially in Oceania with the highest prevalence of stunting and wasting (41.4% and 12.5%), with Africa and Asia following closely. Malnutrition eradication is a global health issue of high priority as demonstrated by the "Goal 2" of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the United Nations (UN) Decade of Action on Nutrition 2016-2025. The review identified no significant positive outcome from previous interventions due to the endemic health inequalities. Determinants of the multi-level health inequalities associated with undernutrition in CUAFY, and probable solutions are explained with theoretical models of health inequalities. A diagonal intervention approach was proposed as a viable solution to ending undernutrition in CUAFY. The application of relevant theoretical models and context-specific intervention approaches can be utilized by stakeholders to close the existing inequality gaps, thereby reducing undernutrition amongst CUAFY globally.