Solution For Water Purification Research Articles

Solar Water Purifier Machine

The Solar Water Purifier Machine (SWPM) is an innovative device designed to provide clean, potable water using solar energy, particularly in remote or disaster affected areas. This paper explores the design, functionality, and effectiveness of the SWPM, highlighting its potential impact on communities lacking access to safe drinking water. The study includes a detailed analysis of the components, the working mechanism, and a comparison with traditional water purification methods. Additionally, it examines the environmental benefits and economic feasibility of deploying SWPMs in various regions . The purified water is then stored in a tank for later use. The machine is designed to be low cost, portable, and easy to operate, making it ideal for use in areas where access to clean water is limited. The solar powered operation ensures sustainability and reduce the carbon footprint, making it an environmentally friendly solution for water purification.

Nanotechnology Use in Water Purification for Sustainable Development of Middle East

Growing world population and increasing demands have put considerable pressure on natural resources and the environment. As a result of this situation, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been established to safeguard rights and ensure that everyone's fundamental needs are met by 2030. It is one of the goals of the program to ensure that clean water and sanitation are accessible to all. In this review, we focus on the water crisis in the Middle East, a region with limited water resources and a growing population. The use of nanotechnology as a transformative solution for water purification and sanitation is proposed in this paper. In addition to addressing the water challenges in the Middle East, this technology can also contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals' vision of providing universal, affordable, and sustainable access to clean water.

Filter Gardens A Nature-Based Solution for Gray Water Treatment

Purpose: Analyze the feasibility of implementing a filtering garden, as an alternative technology for gray water treatment. Theoretical framework: The lack of adequate sanitation can lead to the improper discharge of sewage into bodies of water, thus deteriorating the quality of the water available for supply. Built wetlands appear as a social technology, providing a possibility for advancement and universalization of basic sanitation, also in line with the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN 2030 Agenda. Method: Hypothetical-deductive approach and study of the potential and difficulties encountered in implementing a filter garden with subsurface drainage and horizontal flow, using unusual plants. The volume of water that entered the garden daily was observed and also the efficiency between the input and output of the COD, BOD, DO and dissolved solids parameters. Results and discussion: Based on the volume of water observed, it was not possible to establish a consumption pattern in this building. For the variables analyzed, a removal of approximately 85% of COD, 97% of BOD and 68% of TDS and an increase of 49% of DO was obtained. Implications of the research: The garden installed was efficient and could be replicated in other areas of the University. However, more research and ongoing monitoring are needed to ensure its successful implementation and operation on a large scale. Originality/value: The results obtained suggest that the filter garden is a promising technology, even using plants that are not usual for this purpose, for the treatment of lavatory effluents, offering an effective, sustainable and economical solution for water purification and being aligned with the objectives of sustainable development.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF AL'GOFLORA IN OPTIMIZING WATER TREATMENT PROCESSES

Water treatment facilities play a vital role in ensuring the availability of safe and clean water for human consumption and various industrial purposes. Among the innovative approaches in water treatment, the integration of Al'GOFLORA stands out as a promising method for optimizing the treatment process. Al'GOFLORA, a long water treatment facility utilizing algae and other flora, offers a sustainable and effective solution for water purification. This article explores the importance of Al'GOFLORA in optimizing water treatment processes, highlighting its benefits, mechanisms, and potential applications.

Machine learning assisted dual-functional nanophotonic sensor for organic pollutant detection and degradation in water

This study presents a dual-functional thin film, known as Ag nanoparticles decorated, ZnO nanorods coated silica nanofibers (AgNP-ZnONR-SNF), which demonstrates remarkable capabilities in both water purification and organic pollutants sensing. The 3D fibrous structure of ZnONR-SNF provides a large surface-area-to-volume ratio for piezo- and photo-catalytic degradation of organic pollutants under UV irradiation, achieving over 98% efficiency. Ag nanoparticles decorated on ZnONR-SNF form “hot-spot” that significantly enhance the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signal, resulting in an enhancement factor of 1056 and an experimental detection limit of 1 pg mL−1. Furthermore, a machine learning algorithm is developed for the qualitative and quantitative detection of multiple contaminants, achieving high accuracy (92.3%) and specificity (89.3%) without the need for preliminary processing of Raman spectra. This work provides a promising nanoengineering solution for water purification and sensing with improved detection accuracy, purification efficiency, and cost-effectiveness.

Multichannel nitrogen-doped carbon fiber confined Fe3C nanoparticles for efficient electroreduction of nitrate

A novel 1D hierarchical architecture with dispersed Fe3C nanoparticles confined in multichannel nitrogen-doped carbon fibers (Fe3C/MNCFs) is reported as efficient NO3RR electrocatalyst. The Fe3C/MNCFs-800 demonstrates the nitrate conversion of 90.9%, N2 selectivity of 99.53%, for up to 15 cycles.

A Comprehensive Study on Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) as a Biofiltration Solution for Water Purification

A Comprehensive Study on Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) as a Biofiltration Solution for Water Purification

Activated Carbon-Incorporated Tragacanth Gum Hydrogel Biocomposite: A Promising Adsorbent for Crystal Violet Dye Removal from Aqueous Solutions.

Biomaterials-based adsorbents have emerged as a sustainable and promising solution for water purification, owing to their eco-friendly nature and remarkable adsorption capacities. In this study, a biocomposite hydrogel was prepared by the incorporation of activated carbon derived from pomegranate peels (PPAC) in tragacanth gum (TG). The hydrogel biocomposite (PPAC/TG) showed a porous structure, a negative surface charge at a pH of more than 4.9, and good stability in aqueous media. The adsorption properties of the PPAC/TG hydrogel biocomposite were assessed for the removal of crystal violet dye (CV) from aqueous solutions using a batch adsorption. The equilibrium adsorption data followed the Sips isotherm model, as supported by the calculated R2 (>0.99), r-χ2 (<64), and standard error values (<16). According to the Sips model, the maximum values of the adsorption capacity of PPAC/TG were 455.61, 470.86, and 477.37 mg/g at temperatures of 25, 30, and 35 °C, respectively. The adsorption kinetic of CV onto the PPAC/TG hydrogel biocomposite was well described by the pseudo-second-order model with R2 values more than 0.999 and r-χ2 values less than 12. Thermodynamic studies confirmed that the CV dye adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, the prepared hydrogel exhibited excellent reusability, retaining its adsorption capacity even after being used more than five times. Overall, this study concludes that the prepared PPAC/TG exhibited a significant adsorption capacity for cationic dyes, indicating its potential as an effective and eco-friendly adsorbent for water treatment.

A Self-Adaptive and Regenerable Hydrogel Interfacial Evaporator with Adjustable Evaporation Area for Solar Water Purification.

Solar-driven interfacial evaporation is a potential water purification solution. Here, a novel regenerable hydrogel interfacial evaporator is designed with tunable water production. Such an evaporator is fabricated by readily mixing hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCS) and dibenzaldehyde-functional poly(ethylene glycol) (DF-PEG) at ambient conditions. Dynamic Schiff base bonds bestow on the HPCS/DF-PEG hydrogel (HDH) evaporator self-adaptivity and pH responsiveness. The as-prepared HDH is enabled to spontaneously change shape to adapt to different molds, endowing the evaporator with adjustable evaporation area. The water production performance of the intelligent evaporator is first evaluated using tunable evaporation index (TEI, the tunable evaporated water mass per hour), which can be altered from 0kg h-1 to 3.21kg h-1 under one sun. Besides, the large-scale evaporator can be expediently fabricated by virtue of the self-adaptivity. Benefiting from the pH responsiveness, the HDH evaporator is successfully regenerated with the removal of organic dye by the liquefaction-dialysis-regeneration operations. Meanwhile, the re-created evaporator maintains the self-adaptive characteristic and almost constant water evaporation rate compared to that of the initial evaporator. Therefore, this distinctive concept provides a facile strategy to develop smart and recyclable solar-driven interfacial evaporators for flexible water purification.

Fabrication of high-performance MeI and HPEI assembled PES/CPES hollow fiber nanofiltration membranes with high positive charges for efficient removal of salt/heavy metal ions

Environmental protection and resource recovery require efficient separation of salts and heavy metal ions from wastewater. A new hollow fiber nanofiltration membrane (HFNM) with a highly positive charge was developed via Hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (HPEI) self-assembly and methyl iodide (MeI) quaternization on a polyethersulfone (PES) with carboxylic-PES (CPES) substrate. Effects of different layers on surface charge and roughness, wettability, and mechanical stability were evaluated. MgCl2 and ZnCl2 as representative of salts and heavy-metal ions, respectively, were used to investigate separating properties of the membranes in terms of feed temperature and concentrations, operating pressures, antifouling properties, and long-term stability. The relationship between salt/ions rejection and water flux, pore size, and surface positive charge degree was explained by comparing the structures and properties of the membranes. The 1wt.% HPEI and 0.5 wt.% GA solutions for 30 min crosslinking at pH of 11 and then 5 wt.% MeI solution could lead to the formation of the optimum membrane. Based on high hydrophilicity, low surface roughness, Donnan exclusion, and steric hindrance, the membrane could effectively exhibit superb rejection rates of Zn2+ (99.8 %), and Mg2+ (98.6 %), while showing high flux values (24.47 and 33.54 Lm−2h−1). The high flux rate (around 25.41 Lm−2h−1) during 4 cycles of regeneration, and high ions rejection (>98 %) were retained even after an 8-hour consistent operation. The prepared membrane, with high durability and structural stability, can introduce an effective solution for water purification from divalent ions.

A Review of a New Advance Technique for Energy Consumption Management by Using Active Solar Still (Nano and PCM Material)

This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of active solar stills, a promising technology for sustainable water purification. Active solar stills utilize external energy sources and the sun's energy to evaporate and condense water, thereby removing impurities and producing clean drinking water. However, existing reviews on active solar stills have certain limitations. This review addresses these limitations through consistent experimental setups and meta-analyses. Additionally, the review takes a holistic approach, considering not only productivity and efficiency but also practicality, maintenance requirements, and economic feasibility. The use of phase change material (PCM) in solar stills is a potential approach to entrap the heat and reduce the losses. The review provides practical guidelines and recommendations for optimizing the performance and feasibility of active solar stills. By integrating these novel aspects, this review offers valuable insights to advance the understanding, implementation, and adoption of active solar stills as a sustainable water purification solution.

Bio-Based Polymeric Flocculants and Adsorbents for Wastewater Treatment

With the growing demand for clean and safe water, there is a pressing need to explore novel materials for water treatment applications. In this regard, bio-based polymeric materials have emerged as a promising solution for water purification. This article highlights the numerous advantages offered by bio-based polymeric materials, including their biodegradability, low cost, and renewable nature. Moreover, it discusses in depth the two primary applications of these materials in water treatment, namely flocculation and adsorption, showcasing their effectiveness in removing contaminants. Furthermore, this review addresses the future prospects and challenges associated with the development of bio-based polymeric materials for water treatment applications. This review provides valuable insights for researchers in the field, driving further advancements in the utilization of bio-based polymeric materials to ensure clean and sustainable water resources.

Sustainable soy protein microsponges for efficient removal of lead (II) from aqueous environments

Protein-based materials recently emerged as good candidates for water cleaning applications, due to the large availability of the constituent material, their biocompatibility and the ease of preparation. In this work, new adsorbent biomaterials were created from Soy Protein Isolate (SPI) in aqueous solution using a simple environmentally friendly procedure. Protein microsponge-like structures were produced and characterized by means of spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy methods. The efficiency of these structures in removing Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions was evaluated by investigating the adsorption mechanisms. The molecular structure and, consequently, the physico-chemical properties of these aggregates can be readily tuned by selecting the pH of the solution during production. In particular, the presence of β-structures typical of amyloids as well as an environment characterized by a lower dielectric constant seem to enhance metal binding affinity revealing that hydrophobicity and water accessibility of the material are key features affecting the adsorption efficiency. Presented results provide new knowledge on how raw plant proteins can be valorised for the production of new biomaterials. This may offer extraordinary opportunities towards the design and production of new tailorable biosorbents which can also be exploited for several cycles of purification with minimal reduction in performance. SynopsisInnovative, sustainable plant-protein biomaterials with tunable properties are presented as green solution for water purification from lead(II) and the structure-function relationship is discussed.

Biomass hydrogels combined with carbon nanotubes for water purification via efficient and continuous solar-driven steam generation

Solar vapor generation is a promising, environmentally friendly solution for water purification. The development and design of new materials and supporting devices for efficient energy conversion and clean water production are essential for the practical application of solar-driven desalination and water purification. In this study, an environmentally friendly and economical biomass hydrogel-based solar evaporator with a controllable shape was developed in a simple method by integrating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel network. The evaporator had a high solar absorption rate (94.3%) and satisfactory hydrophilicity and could effectively avoid salt crystallization during the desalination process. This study took advantage of the aforementioned merits, and a high evaporation rate of 1.699 kg m-2 h-1 and a conversion efficiency of 86% were achieved under 1.0 sun irradiation. The evaporator could efficiently remove Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ from seawater with a removal rate of up to 99.3% and a good decolorization effect on methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dye wastewater, whose colour could be completely removed. This study provides a simple, practical, and economical method to prepare hydrogel-based evaporators that utilize abundant solar energy for large-scale desalination and wastewater treatment.

Amyloid-based carbon aerogels for water purification

Water scarcity is a worldwide concern with various implications, such as widespread pollution with heavy metals and organic pollutants, resulting in global threats to the environment and human health, and calling for innovative remediation strategies. We show here that the capability of protein-based carbon aerogels for removing contaminants from water can be greatly improved by transforming proteins into amyloids before their hydrothermal carbonization. Amyloid fibrils were prepared from whey protein isolate, a by-product of the dairy industry, and upon addition to different carbohydrates, the ensued mixtures were used for carbon aerogels production. Furthermore, the generality of the approach for producing carbon aerogels was demonstrated using vegetable amyloids from soy protein. The carbon aerogels are able to adsorb Au(III), Pt(II), Fe(III), and Ag(I) with excellent removal efficiencies. Moreover, the amyloid whey lactose carbon aerogel has an adsorption capacity of 650.08 mg/g for Au(III), significantly higher than that of a carbon aerogel derived from monomer whey lactose. The reusability of the carbon aerogel is also proven over three continuous adsorption/regeneration cycles, with a stable performance in terms of removal efficiency indicating good long-term use. Taken together, the results demonstrate amyloid carbon aerogels’ capability as an efficient, sustainable, and inexpensive solution for water purification.

Autonomous magnetic microbots for environmental remediation developed by organic waste derived carbon dots

Biodegradable precursors for micro/nanobots development are key requirements for several sustainable applications. In this regard, we propose an innovative solution for water purification at minimum cost and efforts where organic waste is used for the treatment of organic pollutants. Herein, catalytic magnetic microbots were developed by functionalizing iron oxide nanoparticles with carbon dots (C-Dots), which were synthesized by using household waste such as potato peels as precursors. The speed of these autonomously propelling bots indeed is found very promising for large distance swimming even in viscous medium by using hydrogen peroxide as fuel. These microbots catalytically propel and degrade toxic polar as well as sparingly water-soluble industrial dyes without any external agitation. The degradation of dyes was confirmed by mass-spectra analysis. Furthermore, these microbots can efficiently degrade a mixture of dyes and reused without compromising its performance significantly. Additionally, rate constant (K) and activation energy (Ea) were also determined to establish the catalytic nature of the bots. The present microbots acted as nanozyme owing to its synergistic catalytic activity of Fe3O4 and C-Dots for degradation of mixture of toxic dyes, essential for large scale water treatment.

Reduction-adsorption of chromium(VI) by using IL-imprinted resin -innovative solution for water purification

Novel sorbents (poly(vinylbenzyl chloride-co-divinylbenzene) functionalized with Ionic Liquids precursors- hydrophobic and hydrophilic 3- and 4-pyridineketone and oxime were prepared for application to chromium removal. The fabricated materials were extensively characterized (surface morphology, FT-IR, NMR, Raman, microscopy, XPS, and wettability). The efficiency of functionalization of poly(vinylbenzyl chloride-co-divinylbenzene was demonstrated not only in the process of adsorption of chromium(VI), but also in its reduction to a less toxic form of trivalent ions. I was shown that the efficiencies of both processes depended on the time, pH of the aqueous phase and the initial concentration of Cr(VI). At pH of 0 the cumulative chromium removal was preferable (removal almost 1200 mg of Cr) with the reduction as the dominant process. At pH of 3.5 and higher only adsorption was observed with the maximum capacity of 144.4 mg/g. The conducted analytical techniques, such as Raman and XPS, enabled to determine the mechanism of the sorption and the surface Cr(VI) reduction that oxidize water to O2. The studies indicated that this research direction was forward-looking and fits in with the trends of a sustainable development- simultaneous reduction and adsorption of chromium from wastewater.

Metal Nanoparticles in Dye Wastewater Treatment - Smart Solution for Clear Water.

In past years, nanomaterials have been actively studied and developed and successfully used in many fields. Due to water scarcity, the application of nanomaterials in water and wastewater treatment has drawn significant attention. Due to their superior features, they represent functional materials with great potential for pollution removal and environmental applications. This literature review aims to summarize and present the metal nanoparticles used for dye wastewater treatment. The discussion subject is metallic nanoparticles for mentioned use, with a special focus on iron-based, bimetallic, and photocatalytic nanomaterials. Reference search of "metal nanoparticles in dye wastewater treatment" was conducted in detail through the Serbian Library Consortium for Coordinated Acquisition (KoBSON). Published papers search was mainly based on Web of Science and ScienceDirect database focusing on the latest research on this topic. The corresponding literature was carefully read, analyzed, and evaluated. Two hundred and twenty-four scientific and review articles, thesis, and book chapters, patents were evaluated in order to summarise current trends in metal nanoparticle use in wastewater treatment. An increasing trend in scientific research regarding metal nanoparticles can be observed for the removal of different inorganic and organic pollutants. Among the most extensively tested are dye molecules, representing challenging species in terms of degradation and consequent removal. Modification, layering, combination, and green synthesis of metal nanoparticles result in materials capable of efficient and environmentally sustainable wastewater treatment. In this paper, an extensive review of metal nanoparticles in dye wastewater treatment is presented. With rapid water demand, the development of sustainable materials and technology is necessary. The use of these materials represents eco-friendly, energy-efficient, and sustainable water purification solutions. However, the matter of usage commercialization is still to be addressed.

Graphene Oxide Membrane: Recent Advancement in Waste Water Treatment and its Applications

World water resources are barely alive due to various factors such as rise in population, adverse changes in the environment and the effects of pollutants, which increase the demand for fresh-water. Numerous techniques have been developed to solve the problem of water inadequacy, but most of them are adverse with respect to the environment and economy. Graphene-oxide (GO) nanopore materials may be an effective solution for water-purification due to its properties of easy fabrication and modification. This next-generation membrane has high waterflux, selectivity, and permeability to selected molecules. In this discussion, we have covered the latest technologies and potential applications of GO for waterpurification, which shall help researchers to get quick ideas for future research to design and fabricate multi-layered GO membranes. This article gives a snapshot of current status and proposed strategies of graphene-membranes for water treatment with earlier information to wastewater management and stimulated progress in this area from 2017 to date. The future challenges and opportunities in this field have also been highlighted.

A positively charged composite loose nanofiltration membrane for water purification from heavy metals

A new hybrid loose nanofiltration membrane with the positive surface charge was developed by self-assembly of Ethylenediamine (ED) grafted multi-walled carbon nanotube (ED-g-MWCNT) on the top layer of asymmetric Polyethersulfone (PES). The effects of different nanotubes loading on the membrane surface roughness, hydrophilicity, isoelectric point, and thermal and mechanical stabilities were evaluated. Due to the Donnan exclusion, the hybrid membranes exhibited excellent heavy metals rejection rates in the order of Zn (96.7%) > Mg (95.01%) > Cd (92.4%) > Cu (91.9%) > Ca (91.3%) > Ni (90.7%) > Pb (90.5%). Additionally, pure water flux (PWF) of the composite membranes enhanced 122%, compared to the pure PES membrane, and achieved 80.5 L/m2 h. Owing to the high surface hydrophilicity and minor surface roughness, the membranes antifouling properties are significantly enhanced. The overall assessment of the membranes, considering all-important factors was performed by ranking efficiency product (REP). The results indicated that the incorporation of nanotubes with a loading ratio of 0.6 wt% leads to the optimum membrane. Finally, the results of this work introduce an effective solution for water purification from heavy metal ions based on the PES nanofiltration membrane incorporated with the ED-g-MWCNT.