Cold Storage Solution Research Articles

Preservation of Murine Whole Eyes With Supplemented UW Cold Storage Solution: Anatomical Considerations.

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis and axon regeneration are the principal obstacles challenging the development of successful whole eye transplantation (WET). The purpose of this study was to create a neuroprotective cocktail that targets early events in the RGC intrinsic apoptotic program to stabilize RGCs in a potential donor eye. University of Wisconsin (UW) solution was augmented with supplements known to protect RGCs. Supplements targeted tyrosine kinase signaling, histone deacetylase activity, K+ ion efflux, macroglial stasis, and provided energy support. Modified UW (mUW) solutions with individual supplements were injected into the vitreous of enucleated mouse eyes, which were then stored in cold UW solution for 24 hours. Histopathology, immunostaining of individual retinal cell types, and analysis of cell-specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were used to identify supplements that were combined to create optimal mUW solution. UW and mUW solutions reduced ocular edema and focal ischemia in globes stored in cold storage. Two major issues were noted after cold storage, including retinal detachment and reduction in glial fibrillary acidic protein staining in astrocytes. A combination of supplements resolved both these issues and performed better than the individual supplements alone. Cold storage resulted in a reduction in cell-specific mRNAs, even though it preserved the corresponding protein products. Eyes treated with optimal mUW solution exhibited preservation of retinal and cellular architecture, but did display a decrease in mRNA levels, suggesting that cold storage induced cellular stasis. Application of optimal mUW solution lowers an important barrier to the development of a successful whole eye transplantation procedure.

Integration of renewable energy-powered cold storage solutions for reducing post-harvest food waste in rural agricultural areas

Post-harvest food loss remains a critical challenge in rural agricultural areas, exacerbated by inadequate storage facilities and unreliable energy access. This study develops and optimizes an advanced renewable energy-powered cold storage system tailored for rural settings, integrating solar and wind energy with phase change materials (PCMs) for efficient energy storage. The system incorporates Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensors and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven energy management to maintain optimal storage conditions and enhance energy efficiency. Field trials conducted in Lincolnshire, UK, and Appalachian regions of the US demonstrated significant reductions in post-harvest food loss by an average of 43.5%, extensions in produce shelf-life by up to 300%, and increased income for smallholder farmers by approximately 43%. The system also achieved an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional diesel-powered systems. Economic analyses revealed a shorter payback period and higher return on investment, confirming the system's viability. High user satisfaction and adoption rates indicate the system's practicality and potential for widespread implementation. The findings suggest that integrating renewable energy with smart technologies in cold storage solutions offers a scalable and sustainable approach to enhancing food security, promoting economic growth in rural areas, and supporting environmental objectives globally.

Cold ischemia time alters cell-type specific senescence leading to loss of cellular integrity in mouse lungs

Purpose: Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major challenge in lung transplantation often causing graft dysfunction and chronic airway illnesses in recipients. To prevent potential transplant related complications, strict guidelines were put in place to choose viable donor lungs with minimal risk of IRI. These regulations deem most of the donor organs unfit for transplant which then are donated for research to understand the mechanisms of health and diseases in human. However, resected organs that are being transported undergo cold ischemia that can negatively affect the tissue architecture and other cellular functions under study. Thus, it is important to assess how cold ischemia time (CIT) affects the physiological mechanism. In this respect, we are interested in studying how CIT affects cellular senescence in normal aging and various pulmonary pathologies. We thus hypothesized that prolonged CIT exhibits cell-type specific changes in lung cellular senescence in mice. Methods: Lung lobes from C57BL/6J (n = 5–8) mice were harvested and stored in UW Belzer cold storage solution for 0, 4-, 9-, 12-, 24-, and 48-h CIT. Lung cellular senescence was determined using fluorescence (C12FdG) assay and co-immunolabelling was performed to identify changes in individual cell types. Results: We found a rapid decline in the overall lung cellular senescence after 4-h of CIT in our study. Co-immunolabelling revealed the endothelial cells to be most affected by cold ischemia, demonstrating significant decrease in the endothelial cell senescence immediately after harvest. Annexin V-PI staining further revealed a prominent increase in the number of necrotic cells at 4-h CIT, thus suggesting that most of the cells undergo cell death within a few hours of cold ischemic injury. Conclusions: We thus concluded that CIT significantly lowers the cellular senescence in lung tissues and must be considered as a confounding factor for mechanistic studies in the future.

Thermal characteristics of nanofluid ice slurry flowing through a spiral tube: A computational study

Nanofluid ice slurry (NICS) has recently attracted significant attention in the field of thermal engineering as an alternative refrigerant, offering a cost-effective, stable, and environmentally friendly cold storage solution. To maximize its potential, a thorough understanding of its heat transfer characteristics is crucial. Unfortunately, this information is not available for spiral tubes which are commonly used in thermal systems due to their superior heat transfer performance. This may hinder further development and implementation of this technology. Hence, the present investigation aims to analyze the flow characteristics and heat transfer mechanisms of a graphene oxide hybrid NICS within a spiral tube employing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology. More specifically, an interphase heat and mass transfer model, derived from the Euler–Euler model, is formulated to accurately represent the phase transition phenomena occurring within the nanofluid. The results indicate that the spiral tube structure enhances ice crystal accumulation inside the tube, leading to lower outlet temperatures and improved heat transfer without causing ice blockage. The NICS shows a 3% higher pressure drop compared to pure water ice slurry. Increased nanoparticle concentrations enhance thermal conductivity, benefiting heat transfer, but also raise viscosity, resulting in greater internal friction. A Nusselt correlation based on Prandtl and Dean numbers is formulated to aid future studies and the design of NICS systems. When the Reynolds number increases from 3600 to 6600, the Nusselt number rises by approximately 21% for pure water ice slurry and 22% for nanofluid ice slurry.

Enhancing Cryptocurrency Security

Cryptocurrency, a decentralized frame of computerized cash, has picked up ubiquity around the world. In any case, its broad selection has brought consideration to noteworthy security concerns. This paper presents a exhaustive examination of cryptocurrency security, distinguishing key challenges and proposing arrangements to support the security of advanced assets. The paper starts by talking about the foundational innovation of cryptocurrencies, specifically blockchain, which offers straightforwardness and unchanging nature but is defenceless to assaults such as 51% assaults and double-spending. It at that point digs into security dangers related with cryptocurrency capacity and trade stages, counting wallet vulnerabilities and hacking incidents. Current security best hones, such as multi-signature wallets and cold storage solutions, are analysed, alongside rising innovations like zero-knowledge proofs and homomorphic encryption. Furthermore, the part of administrative systems in advancing cryptocurrency security is investigated, highlighting the require for a adjusted approach that energizes advancement whereas securing investors. In conclusion, guaranteeing the security of cryptocurrencies is basic for cultivating believe and widespread adoption. By tending to vulnerabilities and executing vigorous security measures, partners can relieve dangers and open the complete potential of advanced monetary forms. This paper contributes profitable experiences to the continuous discourse on cryptocurrency security and recommends roads for future inquire about in this energetic field.

Effect of PERLA®, a new cold-storage solution, on oxidative stress injury and early graft function in rat kidney transplantation model

BackgroundThe composition of organ preservation solutions is crucial for maintaining graft integrity and early graft function after transplantation. The aim of this study is to compare new organ preservation solution PERLA® with the gold standard preservation solution University of Wisconsin (UW) regarding oxidative stress and early graft injury.MethodsIn order to assess oxidative stress after cold storage, kidney grafts have been preserved for 18 h at 4° C in either UW solution or PERLA® solution and then assessed for oxidative stress injury (protocol 1). To assess kidney injuries and oxidative stress after reperfusion, rat kidneys were harvested, stored in cold UW or in PERLA® solutions for 18 h at 4 °C and then transplanted heterotopically for 6 h (protocol 2). PERLA® is a high Na+/low K+ solution including PEG-35 (1 g/L), trimetazidine (1 µM), carvedilol (10 µM) and tacrolimus (5 µM).ResultsOur results showed that preservation of kidneys in PERLA® solution significantly attenuates oxidative stress parameters after cold storage and reperfusion. We found a significant decrease in oxidative damage indicators (MDA, CD and CP) and a significant increase in antioxidant indicators (GPx, GSH, CAT, SOD and PSH). Moreover, PERLA® solution decreased kidney injury after reperfusion (creatinine, LDH and uric acid).ConclusionPERLA® solution was more effective than UW storage solution in preserving rat’s kidney grafts.

Important Constituents of Heavy Water-containing Solution for Cold Storage and Subsequent Reperfusion on an Isolated Perfused Rat Liver

The University of Wisconsin (UW) solution is the most effective preservation solution currently used; however, to safely use expanded-criteria donor grafts, a new cold storage solution that alleviates graft injury more effectively is required. We prepared a heavy water (D2O)-containing buffer, Dsol, and observed strong protective effects during extended cold storage of rat hearts and livers. In the current study, we modified Dsol (mDsol) and tested its efficacy. The aim of the present study was to determine whether mDsol could protect the rat liver more effectively than the UW solution and to clarify the roles of D2O and deferoxamine (DFX). Rat livers were subjected to cold storage for 48 hours in test solutions: UW, mDsol, mDsol without D2O or DFX (mDsol-D2O[-], mDsol-DFX[-]), and subsequently reperfused on an isolated perfused rat liver for 90 minutes at 37°C. In the UW group, the liver was dehydrated during cold storage and rapidly expanded during reperfusion. Accordingly, the cumulative weight change was the highest in the UW group, together with augmented portal veinous resistance and ALT leakage and decreased oxygen consumption rate and bile production. These changes were significantly suppressed in the mDsol-treated group. In the mDsol-D2O(-) and mDsol-DFX(-) groups offered partial protection. In conclusion, mDsol appeared to be superior to the UW solution for simple cold storage of the rat liver, presumably due to improved microcirculation in the early phase of reperfusion. Both heavy water and deferoxamine are essential for alleviating seamless organ swelling that occurs during cold storage and subsequent reperfusion.

High-concentration bovine serum albumin enhances fertilization ability of cold-stored rat sperm.

Cold transport of the cauda epididymides is a useful technique for shipping laboratory rat sperm. Cold transport of rat sperm avoids potential risks of microbiological infection, animal escape or death, and animal welfare issues. Previously, we reported that a cold-storage solution containing dimethyl sulfoxide and quercetin maintained the fertility of cold-stored rat sperm. However, cold-stored rat sperm exhibited a decreased fertilization rate after 24-h storage. To recover the fertility of cold-stored sperm, we focused on the effects of bovine serum albumin (BSA), a cholesterol acceptor that induces sperm capacitation. We sought to determine the optimal concentration of BSA in fertilization medium based on the fertility of cold-stored rat sperm. High concentrations of BSA (40 mg/ml) enhanced the fertilization rate of cold-stored rat sperm and maintained sperm fertility for 144 h. Embryos derived from cold-stored and BSA-treated sperm normally developed into pups after embryo transfer. In summary, high BSA concentrations enhanced the fertility of cold-stored rat sperm and prolonged the storage period to 144 h, thereby expanding the transportable region for genetically engineered rats.

The impact of preservation solutions for static cold storage on kidney transplantation outcomes: Results of a Brazilian nationwide multicenter study.

This study evaluated the current practices of selecting cold storage preservation solutions in Brazil and their impact on delayed graft function (DGF) incidence and 1-year outcomes in kidney transplant recipients. A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including 3,134 brain-dead deceased donor kidney transplants performed between 2014 and 2015 in 18 Brazilian centers. The most commonly used preservation solution was Euro-collins (EC, 55.4%), followed by Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK, 30%) and Institut Georges Lopez (IGL-1, 14.6%). The incidence of DGF was 54.4%, with 11.7% of patients requiring dialysis for more than 14 days, indicating prolonged DGF. Upon adjusting for confounding variables, HTK demonstrated a significantly lower risk of DGF than EC (OR 0.7350.82500.926), as did IGL-1 (OR 0.6050.7120.837). Similar protective effects were observed for prolonged DGF when comparing HTK (OR 0.4780.5990.749) and IGL-1 (OR 0.4780.6810.749) against EC. No significant association was found between preservation solutions and 1-year death-censored graft survival. In conclusion, EC was the most frequently used cold storage perfusion solution, demonstrating a higher incidence and duration of DGF compared with HTK and IGL-1, but with no impact on 1-year graft survival.

A Single Preservation Solution for Static Cold Storage and Hypothermic Oxygenated Perfusion of Marginal Liver Grafts: A Preclinical Study.

Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion (HOPE) improves outcomes of marginal liver grafts. However, to date, no preservation solution exists for both static cold storage (SCS) and HOPE. After 30 min of asystolic warm ischemia, porcine livers underwent 6 h of SCS followed by 2 h of HOPE. Liver grafts were either preserved with a single preservation solution (IGL2) designed for SCS and HOPE (IGL2-Machine Perfusion Solution [MPS] group, n = 6) or with the gold-standard University of Wisconsin designed for for SCS and Belzer MPS designed for HOPE (MPS group, n = 5). All liver grafts underwent warm reperfusion with whole autologous blood for 2 h, and surrogate markers of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) were assessed in the hepatocyte, cholangiocyte, vascular, and immunological compartments. After 2 h of warm reperfusion, livers in the IGL2-MPS group showed no significant differences in transaminase release (aspartate aminotransferase: 65.58 versus 104.9 UI/L/100 g liver; P = 0.178), lactate clearance, and histological IRI compared with livers in the MPS group. There were no significant differences in biliary acid composition, bile production, and histological biliary IRI. Mitochondrial and endothelial damage was also not significantly different and resulted in similar hepatic inflammasome activation. This preclinical study shows that a novel IGL2 allows for the safe preservation of marginal liver grafts with SCS and HOPE. Hepatic IRI was comparable with the current gold standard of combining 2 different preservation solutions (University of Wisconsin + Belzer MPS). These data pave the way for a phase I first-in-human study and it is a first step toward tailored preservation solutions for machine perfusion of liver grafts.

Nutristor, a novel chemically defined solution for short-term cold storage of cells

Nutristor, a novel chemically defined solution for short-term cold storage of cells

Cryopreservation with reduced ME2so and cold storage solutions for cells based therapies

Cryopreservation with reduced ME2so and cold storage solutions for cells based therapies

Coded aperture-based compressive data page for optical data storage.

In an era of data explosion, optical data storage provides an alternative solution for cold data storage due to its energy-saving and cost-effective features. However, its data density is still insufficient for zettabyte-scale cold data storage. Here, a coded aperture-based compressive data page with a compression ratio of ≤0.125 is proposed. Based on two frameworks-weighted nuclear norm minimization (WNNM) and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)-the decoded quality of the compressive data page is ensured by utilizing sparsity priors. In experiments, compressive data pages of a monochromatic photo-array, full-color photo, and dynamic video are accurately decoded.

Inhibition of Ferroptosis Enables Safe Rewarming of HEK293 Cells following Cooling in University of Wisconsin Cold Storage Solution

The prolonged cooling of cells results in cell death, in which both apoptosis and ferroptosis have been implicated. Preservation solutions such as the University of Wisconsin Cold Storage Solution (UW) encompass approaches addressing both. The use of UW improves survival and thus extends preservation limits, yet it remains unclear how exactly organ preservation solutions exert their cold protection. Thus, we explored cooling effects on lipid peroxidation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and the actions of blockers of apoptosis and ferroptosis, and of compounds enhancing mitochondrial function. Cooling and rewarming experiments were performed in a cellular transplantation model using Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Cell viability was assessed by neutral red assay. Lipid peroxidation levels were measured by Western blot against 4-Hydroxy-Nonenal (4HNE) and the determination of Malondialdehyde (MDA). ATP was measured by luciferase assay. Cooling beyond 5 h in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) induced complete cell death in HEK293, whereas cooling in UW preserved ~60% of the cells, with a gradual decline afterwards. Cooling-induced cell death was not precluded by inhibiting apoptosis. In contrast, the blocking of ferroptosis by Ferrostatin-1 or maintaining of mitochondrial function by the 6-chromanol SUL150 completely inhibited cell death both in DMEM- and UW-cooled cells. Cooling for 24 h in UW followed by rewarming for 15 min induced a ~50% increase in MDA, while concomitantly lowering ATP by >90%. Treatment with SUL150 of cooled and rewarmed HEK293 effectively precluded the increase in MDA and preserved normal ATP in both DMEM- and UW-cooled cells. Likewise, treatment with Ferrostatin-1 blocked the MDA increase and preserved the ATP of rewarmed UW HEK293 cells. Cooling-induced HEK293 cell death from hypothermia and/or rewarming was caused by ferroptosis rather than apoptosis. UW slowed down ferroptosis during hypothermia, but lipid peroxidation and ATP depletion rapidly ensued upon rewarming, ultimately resulting in complete cell death. Treatment throughout UW cooling with small-molecule Ferrostatin-1 or the 6-chromanol SUL150 effectively prevented ferroptosis, maintained ATP, and limited lipid peroxidation in UW-cooled cells. Counteracting ferroptosis during cooling in UW-based preservation solutions may provide a simple method to improve graft survival following cold static cooling.

Decentralized solar-powered cooling systems for fresh fruit and vegetables to reduce post-harvest losses in developing regions: a review

Abstract The availability of on-farm storage and processing is a critical challenge facing small farmers, which hinders agricultural productivity. Thirty per cent of the food produced globally is lost after harvest, with the proportion being exceptionally high in low- and middle-income countries due to a lack of on-farm handling and storage facilities. Conventional cold-storage solutions have not taken off at the smallholder level, mainly due to a lack of availability and access to reliable grid electricity. Therefore, off-grid decentralized solar-powered cold-storage units can play a vital role in preserving the produce at production sites and enhancing livelihood and rural development with a minimal carbon footprint. To maintain low temperatures at every step of the agricultural value chain, known as the ‘cold chain’, several technology vendors aim to improve the shelf life and user benefit. Small-scale farmers, which account for two-thirds of all food losses, are another group they focus on. This study examines the existing situation, importance and potential opportunities of decentralized cold-storage systems for fresh fruit and vegetables. In addition to economic, social, technological and environmental limitations, this study examines the triumphs and challenges of incorporating solar-energy-powered cold storage into developing communities. Although the private sector, NGOs and some government agencies are working to promote decentralized cold-storage facilities, relatively little has been done so far to have a significant influence on post-harvest losses and food security. There are still knowledge gaps on decentralized cold-storage facilities. The primary operational constraint is the economic situation of end users and the lack of financing alternatives for smallholder farmers.

Long-distance donor heart procurement using an innovative cold static storage system.

The global lack of donor shortage poses a major limitation for heart transplantation. New concepts with expanded donor inclusion criteria comprise extended transport distances and prolonged ischemic times with the aim of reaching a larger number of potential donors. Recent developments in cold storage solutions may allow more donor hearts with prolonged ischemic times to be use for transplantation in the future. We present our experience during a long-distance donor heart procurement with the longest reported transport distance and transport time in the current literature. This was made possible through the use of SherpaPak™, an innovative cold storage system which allows for controlled temperatures during transportation.

Comparison of Graft Outcomes Reusing Original Intermediate-Term Cold Storage Solution for Entire Corneal Donor Storage Period With Exchanged Fresh Storage Solution After Donor Preparation in the Cornea Preservation Time Study.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN Financial disclosures/conflicts of interest: None reported.

Survival of rat sciatic nerve segments preserved in storage solutions ex vivo assessed by novel electrophysiological and morphological criteria.

Most organ or tissue allografts with viable cells are stored in solutions ex vivo for hours to several days. Most allografts then require rapid host revascularization upon transplantation to maintain donor-cell functions (e.g., cardiac muscle contractions, hepatic secretions). In contrast, peripheral nerve allografts stored ex vivo do not require revascularization to act as scaffolds to guide outgrowth by host axons at 1-2 mm/d, likely aided by viable donor Schwann cells. Using current storage solutions and protocols, axons in all these donor organ/tissue/nerve transplants are expected to rapidly become non-viable due to Wallerian degeneration within days. Therefore, ex vivo storage solutions have not been assessed for preserving normal axonal functions, i.e., conducting action potentials or maintaining myelin sheaths. We hypothesized that most or all organ storage solutions would maintain axonal viability. We examined several common organ/tissue storage solutions (University of Wisconsin Cold Storage Solution, Normosol-R, Normal Saline, and Lactated Ringers) for axonal viability in rat sciatic nerves ex vivo as assessed by maintaining: (1) conduction of artificially-induced compound action potentials; and (2) axonal and myelin morphology in a novel assay method. The ten different storage solution conditions for peripheral nerves with viable axons (PNVAs) differed in their solution composition, osmolarity (250-318 mOsm), temperature (4°C vs. 25°C), and presence of calcium. Compound action potentials and axonal morphology in PNVAs were best maintained for up to 9 days ex vivo in calcium-free hypotonic diluted (250 mOsm) Normosol-R (dNR) at 4°C. Surprisingly, compound action potentials were maintained for only 1-2 days in UW and NS at 4°C, a much shorter duration than PNVAs maintained in 4°C dNR (9 days) or even in 25°C dNR (5 days). Viable axons in peripheral nerve allografts are critical for successful polyethylene glycol (PEG)-fusion of viable proximal and distal ends of host axons with viable donor axons to repair segmental-loss peripheral nerve injuries. PEG-fusion repair using PNVAs prevents Wallerian degeneration of many axons within and distal to the graft and results in excellent recovery of sensory/motor functions and voluntary behaviors within weeks. Such PEG-fused PNVAs, unlike all other types of conventional donor transplants, are immune-tolerated without tissue matching or immune suppression. Preserving axonal viability in stored PNVAs would enable the establishment of PNVA tissue banks to address the current shortage of transplantable nerve grafts and the use of stored PEG-fused PNVAs to repair segmental-loss peripheral nerve injuries. Furthermore, PNVA storage solutions may enable the optimization of ex vivo storage solutions to maintain axons in other types of organ/tissue transplants.

Development Of Solar Powered Cold Storage For Agricultural Purposes

In this paper, the design and development of a solar powered cold storage for agricultural purposes being presented. The final year project work undertaken by us involves a ground-breaking advancement in cold storage technology that combines portability and flexibility with solar energy's efficiency. The need for dependable and long-lasting cold storage solutions is growing in the modern world, particularly in isolated and off-grid locations. Traditional cold storage systems are immobile and frequently rely on non-renewable energy sources. Effective cooling mechanisms, real-time monitoring, and control via IoT integration, and a user-friendly interface are some of this revolutionary solution's standout characteristics. The Solar Hybrid Cold Storage system might have a significant influence on sectors including agriculture, healthcare, and disaster assistance where dependable cold storage is essential for protecting perishable goods, medications, and emergency supplies. The fusion of solar power with portability opens new avenues for cold storage accessibility in places with poor infrastructure, while simultaneously lowering operational costs and carbon footprints. The Solar Hybrid Cold Storage with Portability is the subject of this abstract, which encourages deeper investigation into its technological, financial, and environmental elements while highlighting its potential to fundamentally alter how we think about cold storage in a mobile and sustainable way. The work carried out is the seventh semester main-project by the students of Electronics & Communication Engineering under the guidance of the faculties supervision (guide).

Cold Preservation of Human Hepatocytes with High Viability.

Freshly isolated human hepatocytes are an important model for translational research, validation of experiments done in animals, and preclinical studies. Human hepatocyte isolation often cannot be carried out easily on demand in common research laboratories, and researchers often collaborate to share hepatocytes or outsource hepatocyte isolations. As a prerequisite for such a strategy, hepatocytes have to maintain their phenotypes after transport. Therefore, this study aimed to determine if overnight storage or shipment of hepatocytes affects their quality when viability, adherence, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities are considered. Hepatocytes were stored overnight or shipped to a collaborator in a cold storage solution on wet ice. On the next day, viability of hepatocytes was assessed before plating the cells to determine adherence. Hepatocytes were also cultured in a sandwich culture to determine CYP activities and inducibility. The results showed that although viability (79% ± 0.7% on isolation) was significantly decreased by overnight storage or shipment by 11% (p < 0.001) or 15% (p < 0.001), respectively, the viability of hepatocytes the next day at above 64% ± 2.2% remained sufficiently high for further experiments. In addition, hepatocytes stored for 18 or 24 hours were adherent the next day, and a high confluence of 81% ± 10% to 91% ± 4% was achieved after 48 hours in culture when hepatocytes were adhered on collagen-coated plates. Furthermore, CYP enzyme activities were inducible and not affected by variables such as fibrosis, age, type of operation, steatosis, and body mass index. However, our data would suggest that the type of cancer (primary/secondary), sex (male/female), hypertension, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity, partial thromboplastin time, and size of perfused liver had significant effects (p < 0.05) on induction of some CYP enzymes. In conclusion, human hepatocyte isolation can be carried out at a centralized site and shared between multiple researchers, increasing flexibility and access to a representative human liver in vitro model.