Solutal Stratification Research Articles

Numerical Computation and Statistical Interpretations of Heat Transfer of Tween-20/ethyl Acetate Nanofluid Flow with Melting Rheological Quality and Activation Energy

Tween-20 plays a significant role in the biological, food, and pharmaceutical industries. Additionally, it plays a vital role in improving the quality of reverse mechanisms of multi-drug resistance. This paper uses artificial neural computing to examine Tween-20 nanoparticles’ behaviors in a base fluid called ethyl acetate to enhance the applications in nanomedicine, drug delivery and biotechnology. The study focuses on the nonlinear model of a viscous fluid at the stagnation point, where mixed convection processes and activation energy are present. The study incorporates slip velocity and melting boundary conditions to examine heat and mass transfer, taking into account thermal and solutal stratification. Various fields of research and technology, specially in industrial engineering that include hydrodynamics, panto-graph systems, and biomedical mathematics, extensively utilize artificial computing. The datasets are based on velocity, temperature, and concentration outlines. The fourth-order Runge-Kutta method is used to generate the datasets. To validate the LMM-ABNNs, we have compared them with a numerical solution, showing a high level of agreement. We utilize the error histogram and mean square error results to validate the performance, scrutinize the training and testing methods, and explore the validity of the approximate answer. Furthermore, the quality characteristics such as skin friction, rate of heat, and mass movement (Nusselt and Sherwood numbers) are statistically analyzed to forecast the model’s durability. This article is the best example of investigating different fluid parameters with the latest artificial neural computing.

MHD Casson Fluid Flow over a Stretching Surface with Suction, Double Stratification, and Heat and Mass Transfer Effects

Abstract In this article, we investigated the flow of a magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid across an extending surface with exponential permeability in a double-stratified medium. Thermal radiation, suction, heat sources, viscous dissipation, and chemical reactions drive the stream field. We converted the flow describing partial differential equations into terms of ordinary differential equations by applying appropriate transformations. Next, we utilised the bvp4c package in Matlab to obtain numerical solutions for these equations. We explored and graphically showed the implications of different non-dimensional governing parameters for temperature, concentration, and velocity profiles. After analysis, we provide a tabular presentation of the friction factor, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers. The Casson fluid temperature shows a rising trend for the solutal stratification parameter and a decreasing trend for the thermal stratification parameter, while the Casson fluid velocity shows a declining trend towards both of these parameters. The Casson fluid concentration also behaves differently depending on the stratification parameter; for example, it increases for thermal stratification and decreases for solutal stratification. We notice that an increase in the Casson parameter's value suppresses the velocity field. However, as the Casson parameter increases, both the temperature and the concentration improve. Furthermore, comparisons with previously published findings also support the current results. \sethlcolor{yellow}\hl{The study of MHD Casson fluid flow that includes suction, dual stratification, and the effects of heat and mass transfer is very useful in many areas, such as polymer processing, metallurgical engineering, biomedical applications, environmental sciences, and advanced cooling technologies.

A Stratification of Integer Solutions to the Triple Equations 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑧𝟐, 𝟐𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝟐𝑧𝟐 + 𝑤𝟐, 𝑥 + 𝟐𝑦 = 𝟏𝟎𝑝𝟑

A Stratification of Integer Solutions to the Triple Equations 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑧𝟐, 𝟐𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝟐𝑧𝟐 + 𝑤𝟐, 𝑥 + 𝟐𝑦 = 𝟏𝟎𝑝𝟑

Suction and double stratification effect on unsteady MHD heat transfer nanofluid flow over a flat surface

The objective of the current work is to examine the influence of suction on the unsteady Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) thermal and mass transfer of a nanofluid flow past a flat sheet in the occurrence of double stratification. The governed highly non-linear PDEs along with corresponding appropriate boundary circumstances are first converted into dimensionless system by the use of similarity translations. The numerical methodology used for solving the transformed ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is often known as the Keller box procedure. This study investigates and visually represents the impact of non-dimensional factors such as Hartman number, Prandtl number, Suction, Eckert number, unsteadiness factor, thermal and solutal stratification on the distributions of velocity, concentration, temperature, drag force, Nusselt, and Sherwood number. The numerical calculation and graphical presentation are conducted to evaluate the impacts of several significant quantities on the flow model. It has been discovered that a rise in the suction parameter leads to an enhancement in the velocity gradient, while simultaneously causing a reduction in the concentration and temperature profiles. The outcomes of the study could have implications for various engineering and industrial applications that control and manipulate fluid flows and heat transfer. The results of the research may have ramifications for a wide range of industrial and engineering applications that control and regulate heat transfer and fluid dynamics.

Melting heat transfer of a quadratic stratified Jeffrey nanofluid flow with inclined magnetic field and thermophoresis

Recently, researchers are facing great challenges to form the homogeneous solutions of various liquids at biomedical and industrial levels. Such homogeneous solutions can be controlled through stratification phenomenon directly which is ignored by the researchers in the existing literature specifically quadratic stratification and melting heat mechanism which is valid only for higher temperature processes. Thus, to form the homogeneous and stable liquid solutions for various industrial processes, we investigate the melting heat phenomenon in quadratic stratified Jeffery Nano fluid flow deformed due to linearly stretching sheet along with stagnation point. Inclined constant magnetic field is implemented on the fluid through an arbitrary angel. Characteristics of heat and transportations are disclosed through viscous dissipation, Brownian motion and thermphoresis. Temperature and concentration of the surrounding fluids are assumed higher than the stretching surface. The resultant governing equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations through proper transformations. Convergent analytical series solutions are computed via homotopic approach. Impact of various emerging parameters on temperature, velocity and concentration fields are illustrated and discussed comprehensively. Sherwood and Nusselt numbers and drag force are scrutinized mathematically, physically and graphically. It is analyzed from the study that (i) dominant melting reduces the temperature field (ii) higher thermal and solutal stratification decay the temperature and concentration fields respectively (iii) higher thermophoresis enhances the temperature field. Further, it is concluded that stable and homogeneous solutions may be made by increasing melting and reducing stratification phenomena. This study will help us to provide actual amount of heat for heating processes in industries and biomedicine which is the basic requirement for excellent quality of products.

Effect of Double Stratification on MHD Williamson Boundary Layer Flow and Heat Transfer across a Shrinking/Stretching Sheet Immersed in a Porous Medium

The present study aims to provide a mathematical model of the Williamson fluid flow via a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet in the MHD boundary layer in the presence of a heat source, chemical reaction, and suction. This study is novel because it investigates the physical effects of thermal and solutal stratification on convective heat and mass transport using thermal radiation. The flow’s PDEs are numerically solved using the BVP4c approach and the pertinent similarity variables until a stable solution is found. Through visual analysis, the effects of dimensionless factors on temperature, velocity, and concentration profiles are examined. This encompasses the mass transfer rate, the heat transfer rate, and the coefficient of friction. The results of the present analysis are found to be consistent with those of previously published studies. The findings demonstrate that enhanced temperature and concentration profiles cause the Williamson, magnetic, and permeability parameters to rise in conjunction with a drop in the dimensionless velocity. In relation to temperature, the thermal stratification parameter exhibits the opposite tendency. Regarding the solutal stratification parameter, concentration profiles are seen to show the opposite trend. Lastly, the current work will have important implications for the removal of dust and viruses from viscoelastic fluid in bioengineering, the medical sciences, and medical equipment.

New Analytical and Numerical Solutions for Squeezing Flow between Parallel Plates under Slip

In this article, the effects of physical flow parameters on squeezed fluid between parallel plates are explored through the Darcy porous channel when fluid is moving as a result of the upper plate being squeezed towards the stretchable lower plate, such as velocity slip, thermal slip, solutal slip, thermal stratification parameter, solutal stratification parameter, squeezing number, Darcy number, Prandtl number, and Schmidt number. The governing equations are transformed into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation using the appropriate similarity transformations. The resulting equations are solved by using the perturbation iteration method (PIT) to produce a convergent analytical solution with high accuracy. The phenomena of the squeezing fluid as the plates are moving apart and when they are coming together are illustrated using the resulting analytical solutions. Plots are used to discuss the significant effects of physical parameters on velocity, temperature, and fluid concentration profiles. The skin friction coefficient and Nusselt Sherwood values have graphical interpretations that are listed. For strong velocity slip parameters, the results demonstrate the existence of a minimum velocity profile close to the plate and a growing velocity profile distant from the plate. Additionally, as the slip effects rise, the fluid temperature and concentration both considerably drop. The results of the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method (RK4M) and the presented analytical solutions provided are in excellent agreement.

Numerical simulations for thermally developed double diffusion flow of nanoparticles due to elongated cylinder with multiple slip effects: Applications to energy storage system

Based on peak thermal performances of nanofluid, different mathematical models are developed. In current analysis, the investigation for heat and mass transfer phenomenon associated to the magnetized nanofluid is examined. The analysis for heat transfer is addressed with applications of radiative phenomenon. The multiple slip effects are entertained for governing problem. The cause of induced flow is stretched cylinder. Mathematical model is solved shooting scheme. The validation for predicted results is presented to justify the solution. The analysis is observed for specific range of parameters like 0 ≤ M ≤ 1.5 , 0 ≤ γ ≤ 0.6 , 0 ≤ S ≤ 0.3 , 0 ≤ R ≤ 0.5 , 0 ≤ Nt ≤ 0.4 , 0.5 ≤ A ≤ 2 , and 0.2 ≤ B ≤ 0.8 . The significance of thermally entertained nanofluid problem is physically inspected. It is evaluated that heat and mass transfer enhances due to curvature parameter. Low concentration field is examined for solutal stratification parameter. The obtained results present applications in enhancing thermal efficiency of solar systems, energy applications, heat transfer devices, chemical processes, cooling phenomenon, etc.

A numerical study of thermal and diffusion effects on MHD Jeffrey fluid flow over a porous stretching sheet with activation energy

The primary aim of this research work is to develop a mathematical model for the two-dimensional steady incompressible flow of a Jeffrey fluid over a vertical stretching sheet immersed in a Darcy porous medium. The combined effects of Soret and Dufour numbers, activation energy, viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, mixed convection, and Joule heating are included in the energy and concentration equations within this model. Using appropriate similarity variable transformations, the governing partial differential equations were altered into nonlinear ordinary differential equations and then solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method along with the shooting technique. The impact of various physical parameters on concentration, velocity, and temperature profiles is deployed through graphs. The velocity increased with a gradual increment in the values of the viscous ratio, thermal, and solutal stratification parameters, whereas the reverse trend was noticed for the magnetic strength. The temperature diminishes as the Prandtl number increases, whereas the opposite scenario exists for Eckert and Dufor numbers and radiation. The fluid concentration rises for a monotonic increment of the Soret number, while it reduces as the Schmidt number, activation energy, and reaction constraint escalate. The amplification of skin friction is observed with an increase in magnetic field strength, while it decreases with an increasing viscous ratio factor. The Nusselt number decreases as radiation increases and the Eckert number rises, but the opposite scenario occurs with increases in the Prandtl number. The Sherwood number is heightened by an increase in the Schmidt number, reaction, and activation energy factors. Moreover, the numerical values of skin friction and the Nusselt number are compared with the previously published work, demonstrating excellent agreement between the results.

Computational analysis of magnetized Casson liquid stretching flow adjacent to a porous medium with Joule heating, stratification, multiple slip and chemical reaction aspects

This article aims to investigate the characteristics of thermo-solutal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) non-Newtonian smart coating boundary layer flow of a stretching substrate adjacent to a porous medium, considering the influence of chemical reactions and thermal radiation subject to a transverse static magnetic field. A non-Darcy drag force model is deployed to capture both Darcy bulk drag and inertial Forchheimer (quadratic) drag effects. A diffusion flux model is deployed for radiative heat transfer. The Casson viscoplastic model has been utilized to simulate rheological characteristics. Due to polymeric slip effects, three slip phenomena are included at the wall (hydrodynamic, thermal and concentration) in the formulation. Furthermore, viscous dissipation and Ohmic heating (Joule dissipation) are also included. Robust scaling similarity variables are deployed to transform the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. Subsequently, the emerging dimensionless coupled nonlinear boundary value problem is solved utilizing the Bvp4c method in MATLAB version 2022. This numerical approach allows for a logical parametric examination of all key control parameters on the transport phenomena, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the system behavior. Validation with previous studies is included. Detailed graphical and tabular computations are included for velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number, for the influence of Darcian parameter, Forchheimer inertial parameter, mixed convection, velocity (momentum) slip, magnetic number, Casson parameter, nonlinear thermal convection parameter, nonlinear concentration convection parameter, radiation parameter, thermal stratification parameter, Prandtl number, heat source/sink parameter, Eckert number, thermal slip parameter, Schmidt number, chemical reaction, solutal stratification parameter and solutal slip parameter. Detailed interpretation of the physics associated with these multiple effects is included. The simulations provide further insight into the transport characteristics of electromagnetic viscoplastic coating material manufacturing.

Double layered combined convective heated flow of Eyring-Powell fluid across an elevated stretched cylinder using intelligent computing approach

This study investigates the possessions of a dual stratified common on the diverse convection barrier layer discharge of an Eyring-Powell fluid (CBLFEPL) induced by an prone extensive barrel. The temperature and concentration at the exterior of the barrel are assumed to be larger than the moving fluid. To solve the resulting flow equations, an brilliant numerical established aggregating solver is employed using the Levenberg-Marquardt neural network scheme (LMNNS). The governing equations of partial differential are converted into interconnected nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate transformations. First, a dataset is generated for two distinct cases, one with a zero curvature parameter (plate) and the other with a non-zero curvature parameter (cylinder). The behaviors of skin-friction coefficient, Sherwood number and Nusselt number are presented over chart obtained using the BVP4C technique. Subsequently, an intelligent computing algorithm nftool, is utilized for training, validation, and testing steps to approximate solutions for various cases. The designed solver, LMNNS, is applied to solve the CBLFEPL problem through regression, mean squared error (MSE), histogram studies, and gradient analysis. The study of double-layered combined convection flow of Eyring-Powell fluid around an elevated stretched cylinder provides insights into heat and mass transfer characteristics, crucial for applications in engineering and fluid dynamics. This study aims to contribute insights that can be applied to engineering and fluid dynamics, aiding in the optimization of relevant processes and applications. The research methodology involves employing numerical technique, three-stage Lobatto IIIa formula, to solve the governing equations of the double-layered combined convection flow of Eyring-Powell fluid around an elevated stretched cylinder, while systematically varying key parameters to analyze their impact on heat and mass transfer phenomena. The speed of the fluid experiences a notable rise with higher values of curvature parameter K, fluid parameter M, mixed convection parameter λm, and the ratio of buoyancy forces N. Conversely, the velocity profile exhibits a contrasting behavior concerning the thermal stratification parameter ϵ1, solutal stratification parameter ϵ2, and an inclination angle α.

Unsteady Boundary Layer Heat and Mass Transfer Flow of Nanofluid Over Porous Stretching Sheet with Non-Uniform Heat Generation/Absorption and Double Stratification

The influence of thermal radiation and stratification process on unsteady MHD flow over stretching sheet embedded in “nanofluid saturated porous medium with non-uniform heat source/sink was analyzed numerically in the present analysis. Proper similarity transformations reduce the nonlinear partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations and are solved numerically by using Galerkin Finite element method. Impact of different parameters, such as, magnetic parameter (0.1–1.0), buoyancy ratio parameter (0.1–4.5), radiation parameter (0.5–1.7), Rayleigh number (0.1–0.7), thermophoresis parameter (0.4–1.5), thermal stratification parameter (0.01–1.0), Brownian motion parameter (1.0–2.0), solutal stratification parameter (0.01–1.0), unsteadiness parameter (0.1–0.4), space–dependent (-0.5–0.4) and temperature dependent (-0.5–0.2) heat source/sink parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles is calculated and are illustrated graphically. Skin-friction coefficient, Nusselt and Sherwood number are calculated and the results are shown in tabular form. It is found that the thermal stratification parameter deteriorates the temperature of the fluid. The concentration of the fluid diminishes with rising values of solutal stratification parameter. The thermal boundary layer thickness elevates” with higher values of Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters.

Dual Stratification Effects on Mixed Convective Electro-magnetohydrodynamic Flow over a Stretching Plate with Multiple Slips and Cross Diffusion

This paper analyzed the effects of dual stratification on mixed convective electro-magnetohydrodynamic flow over stretching plates with multiple slips. With the aid of the similarity transformation technique were, the governing boundary equations, that were partial differential equations, were changed to a couple of ordinary differential equations and then solved with fourth order Runge Kutta method and Newton’s Raphson shooting techniques. It was observed that the magnetic field, Buoyancy ratio, permeability, momentum slip parameters, Dufour, Soret and Brinkmann numbers made the thermal boundary layer thickness to increase but the solutal stratification, electric field, chemical reaction, solutal slip, suction, thermal slip and thermal stratification parameters, Prandtl, Richardson and Lewis number decreased the thickness of the thermal boundary layer. The Buoyancy ratio, permeability, momentum slip, thermal slip and thermal stratification parameters and Soret number enhanced the solutal boundary layer thickness.

Investigating the stagnation point and Darcy-Forchheimer flow of heat and mass transport with thermal radiation and activation energy

In this paper, the stagnation point and boundary layer flow of two-dimension Williamson fluid flow near a stretching cylinder along porous medium is examined. The transference analysis of mass and heat in the occurrence of thermal radiation, heat absorption and activation energy are investigated. The double stratification is implemented to analyze its impact on the thermal and solutal fields. The main leading equations are solved by applying the boundary layer approximation. By assuming the similarity variables, the main equations of the Williamson fluid are transformed into ordinary differential equations. In order to solve numerical solutions, a well-known numerical technique is adopted on MATLAB software namely ‘Bvp4c’. The fluid's velocity experiences an increment with changes in the buoyancy parameter, curvature parameter and the Williamson fluid coefficient, whereas the velocity distribution diminishes due to variations in the porosity parameter, stretching parameter and Forchheimer number. The temperature in a given region decreases due to the influence of both the Prandtl number and curvature parameter. The fluid temperature exhibits incrementing outputs in the presence of changes in the curvature parameter, thermal stratification parameter and heat generation. The solutal stratification parameter, temperature difference parameter and Schmidt number lead to a reduction in the fluid concentration. The concentration profile increases under the influence of curvature parameter. The validation of numerical finding is also included here which show similar trend with published work.

Three-dimensional upper-convected Maxwell nanofluid transport due to cross-diffusion and stratification: Numerical solutions

Cross-diffusion and stratification (thermal/solutal) effects on the transport of non-Newtonian nanofluid are analyzed in this investigation. Upper-convected Maxwell model is chosen to depict the non-Newtonian behavior. The flow is considered to be bounded by a stationary flat plate from one side. This phenomenon is formulated mathematically under boundary layer approximation which is further solved by the numerical procedure of Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg along with Newton-Raphson shooting scheme. Effects of appearing parameters are elaborated with the help of tables and figures. It is expected that the stratification and diffusion processes will help in the storage and transport of energy through the moving non-Newtonian nanofluid. It is found that Soret number and solutal stratification have similar impacts on temperature. Moreover, Dufour number and thermal stratification have adverse impacts on temperature/concentration.

Stability analysis of stratified radiative non-Newtonian Casson nanofluid flow past on stretching/shrinking sheet using two-phase model

An incompressible steady-state 2D (two-dimensional) stratified boundary-driven Casson nanofluid flowing over the stretched/shrinked surface under buoyancy, magnetic and radiative effects is considered. The two-phase Buongiorno model is adopted to express the behavior of nanomaterial with the stratified boundary conditions. A system of nonlinear ODEs (ordinary differential equations) is extracted from the modeled PDEs (partial differential equations) by using the similarity transformations. The shooting scheme is adapted to execute the obtained equations numerically. The achieved results indicate the duality in the solutions at various ranges of the specified constraints like as suction, shrinking or stretching. The stability analysis is done to check the feasibility of solutions by BVP4c in Matlab. It is achieved that an increment in suction constraint enhanced the skin friction for shrinking case. The temperature curves are decreased with an improvement in Casson, suction, buoyancy and stratification parameters. The nanoparticles concentration reduced against the higher Casson, Brownian motion, suction, thermal and solutal stratification parameters. On other hand, an increment in the thermophoresis increases nanoparticles concentration profile.

Assessment of squeezing phenomenon in non-linear stratified fluid flow with slip conditions through Darcy porous material

Stratification phenomenon plays significant role in the homogeneous mixtures of solutions in food factory and biomedical processes for same ingredients per unit area. Injection of medicine in the veins disturbs the density of blood which can be regulated through stratification process. Similarly in aerodynamics, the density of air in the atmosphere is not equal which badly effects the movement of airplanes, aircrafts etc. However, most the researchers ignore the stratification phenomenon in fluid flows. Thus, in view of such impactful applications of stratification in natural processes, we are interested to demonstrate the features of combined nonlinear stratification and slips boundary conditions in squeezed viscous fluid flow with viscous dissipation. Constant magnetic field is implemented in the flow field. Nonlinear thermal and solutal stratification are implemented to explore the nature of heat and mass transportation. Darcy porous medium is presented between the plates. First order chemical reaction and viscous dissipation are taking into account. Dimensionless governing equations are achieved through suitable transformations. Impact of temperature, velocity and concentrations fields are elaborated graphically corresponding to numerous parameters. Drag force, Sherwood and Nusselt numbers are comprehensively discussed through graphs. Decrement occurs in velocity and temperature fields corresponding to dominant magnetic and thermal stratification respectively.

Computational assessment of thermally stratified magnetohydrodynamics Maxwell nanofluid with Joule heating and melting heat transfer

Researchers have reported an excellent desire for power storage devices that are more reliable and long-lasting. Battery storage devices are used in waste-to-energy recovery, wind power, mixed energy generation, and heating reactor designs. There are three more helpful methods for storing heat energy: Latent heat storage, like sensible heat storage and chemical heat storage, is a type of energy storage. In these processes, latent thermal energy storage is quite expensive and productive. Melting is a technique for storing heat energy in a material. The substance is frozen to release the stored heat energy. Melting phenomena include freezing a ground-based pump’s heat exchanger coils, tundra melting, magma solidification, and semiconducting processes. Because of the importance mentioned above, the current study investigates the behavior of a two-dimensional Maxwell nanofluid with heat radiation influence across a stretchable surface. The melting process, quadratic thermal and solutal stratification viscous dissipations, and Joule heating effects will also be examined. The impacts of Brownian motion and thermophoresis diffusion will also be assessed. Moreover, the binary chemical reaction will be included when evaluating the MHD mixed convective flow. The governing nonlinear equations of velocity, temperature, and concentration of nanoparticles will also be used to form the constructed fluid model. Under the boundary layer approximation, the equations governing the problem are reduced into non-linear and dimensionless ordinary differential equations using appropriate transformations. The dimensionless governing equations are solved using the convergent approach. The Maxwell fluid parameter enhances while the magnetic field parameter decreases the velocity of the nanofluid, which is one of the most noteworthy findings of the study. However, when the Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters increase, the fluid temperature increases. The decrease occurs in the concentration profile with improving solutal stratification estimations while growing with enhancing chemical reaction parameters. With the increase in nanoparticle volume fraction, the nanofluid’s temperature decrease, but the nanofluid’s velocity improves.

MHD Thermal and Solutal Stratified Stagnation Flow of Tangent Hyperbolic Fluid Induced by Stretching Cylinder with Dual Convection

The magneto-hydrodynamic dual convection stagnation flow pattern behavior of a Tangent Hyperbolic (TH) fluid has been reported in this study. The radiation, Joule heating, and heat generation/absorption impacts have also been analyzed. The flow-narrating differential equations, which are constrained by a thermal and solutal stratified porous medium, are transmuted into a system of nonlinear differential equations. To provide a numerical solution to the flow problem, a computational model is created. Numerical solutions are obtained using the fifth-order exactness program (Bvp5c), and for validation of the results, a comparison is also made with the methodology of the Runge–Kutta fourth order. The physical implications are appraised and depicted using diagrams or tables against flow-controlling parameters, such as Hartmann number, porosity parameter, solutal stratification, the parameter of curvature, temperature stratification, local Weissenberg number, Schmidt number, etc. It has been observed that in the appearance of Joule heating phenomena, the fluid temperature is a lowering function of thermal stratification. The findings are compared to the existing literature and found to be consistent with earlier research.

Numerical computation for dual stratification of slip flow of sutterby nanofluids with heat generation features

The current communication, manifest mathematical modelling and numerical computations of Sutterby nanofluids with radiant heat assessment subject to heat generation/absorption. The thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects are incorporated via the Buongiorno model in flow governing equations. Moreover, the present analysis reveals the impacts of thermal stratification, velocity slip, and a magnetic field on flow phenomena. The non-Newtonian nature is modelled using Sutterby fluid. The proposed model is formulated mathematically through basic partial differential equations relating mass, momentum, energy, and nanoparticle concentration conservations using boundary layer theory. We adapted the generated governed equations to ordinary differential equations utilizing similarity variables mechanism. Numerical treatment for the reduced system of ordinary differential equations is performed using the built-in MATLAB code bvp4c. The impacts of distinct characterizing parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are determined and analyzed via graphs. The existence of velocity slip parameter, fluid flow is significantly dwindle, while the surface friction growth is sophisticated. Brownian and thermophoresis mechanisms degrade the heat transmission rate and escalate the mass flux. The thermal and solutal stratification exhibits opposite conduct for thermal and concentration of the nanoparticles.