Solute Dispersion Research Articles

Unveiling the enhancement mechanism of Fe ion for muscovite flotation: Adjustment of surface potential and agent dispersion

Metal ions have been used to improve the flotation recovery of muscovite, while the enhancement mechanism is still unclear. In this paper, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the adsorption structure of sodium oleate (NaOL) on muscovite surface, and the diffusivity and foaming of NaOL in the pulp system, in presence of Fe3+ at different pH range. DFT calculation results suggested that the adsorption of iron ions, include FeOH2+ and Fe(OH)2+, could change the surface charge from negative to positive, thus enhancing binding performance for OL−. Moreover, MD simulations indicated that the distribution of iron ions in aqueous solution can significantly affect the dispersion of sodium oleate molecules. Specifically, FeOH2+ may lead to the complexation of oleate ions and result in the agglomeration, which is not conducive to its dispersion in solution. However, Fe(OH)2+ can significantly inhibit the aggregation of OL− molecules, and accelerate the dispersion of OL− in flotation pulp. This work reveals atomic-level mechanism of Fe ion on the dispersion and adsorption of sodium oleate in pulp, which is helpful to the understanding of minerals flotation behavior in presence of metal ions.

Lamb waves at a non-semisimple degeneracy of the fundamental matrix

Anomalous guided waves appearing at a non-semisimple degeneracy of the fundamental matrix are observed and analyzed in the framework of the Cauchy sextic formalism. The non-semisimple degeneracy condition is explicitly constructed for the most general case of Lamb waves propagating in a traction-free layer with arbitrary elastic anisotropy. A new type of dispersion equation and the corresponding dispersion solution are obtained. The connection with surface waves of the non-Rayleigh type is discussed.

Evaluating shallow mixing layer in partially-distributed canopy flows using DA-LES: bed friction, water shallowness and canopy denseness

ABSTRACT Shallow mixing layers developed in partially-distributed canopy flows (PCFs) are important for water conveyance, sediment transport and solute dispersion. In this paper, we address the response of shallow mixing layers in PCFs to several influential factors associated with bed friction, water shallowness and canopy denseness using depth-averaged Large Eddy Simulation (DA-LES). The results show that under certain canopy denseness, shallow mixing layers in PCFs display asymptotic behaviour for the variation of bed friction and water shallowness, consistent with classic shallow mixing layers. The canopy drag encourages the asymmetric growth of the inner and outer parts of the mixing layer, and this effect decreases when bed friction and water shallowness become pronounced. Characteristic velocity and length scales show similarity well delineated by exponential decay function regarding a stabilization efficiency parameter. The exception happens for the inner length scale of the mixing layer when only changing canopy density. We conclude that changing the canopy denseness can encourage the overall shift of mixing layer scaling regarding a broad range of bed friction and water shallowness. Furthermore, the bed friction parameter thresholding triggering flow instability of mixing layers in PCFs is found about 0.03, lower than 0.09 for splitter-plate induced mixing layers.

Integration of jackfruit seed-derived carbon dots and electronic nose for a sensitive detection of formaldehyde vapor

The preparation of carbon dots from jackfruit seeds through a pyrolysis method at 280℃ and their use for the detection of formaldehyde were reported. The as-prepared carbon dots showed a high fluorescence efficiency with a quantum yield of 12.7% and excellent photostability and dispersibility in aqueous solution with a zeta potential of ‒62.5 mV. The integration of carbon dot thin film and a home-made optical electronic nose system possessed sensitivity towards formaldehyde vapor with a detection limit of 24.7%v/v across a linear range of 25%v/v to 100%v/v. Furthermore, the sensor showed the highest sensitivity towards formaldehyde against other volatile organic compounds through a strong interaction between the carbonyl groups and the carbon dots. Additionally, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to achieve quantitative measurements of formaldehyde content in different formaldehyde volume ratios with substantial variance. Due to the significance of methanol as a typical chemical precursor for the industrial manufacturing of formaldehyde, the quantitative analytical method is essential to determining formaldehyde or methanol concentration. The sensing ability of carbon dot film-integrated electronic nose towards formaldehyde in formaldehyde/methanol mixtures was measured to be 10.74%v/v in a linear range of 25%v/v to 100%v/v. The PCA showed orderly linear combinations of the data set, which can be potentially utilized to analyze formaldehyde and methanol content in industrial processes. The results indicate the significant potential of carbon dots and optical electronic nose system as an effective formaldehyde sensing platform. Potential applications include the quantification of formaldehyde from methanol conversion and determination of methanol contaminant in formaldehyde.

Transient dispersion of a reactive solute in an oscillatory Couette flow through an anisotropic porous medium

This research discusses the significance of reactive solute dispersion relevant to ecological, biological, and geological contexts. It examines solute movement under oscillatory Couette flow through anisotropic porous media between parallel plates under the effect of heterogeneous boundary reactions. The flow is driven by the combined effect of upper plate oscillation in its plane and time-dependent pressure gradient. The lower plate is assumed rough, which introduces slip velocity. A semi-analytical approach, with the method of moments and finite difference scheme, is utilized to explore the transient dispersion in steady and oscillatory flows with or without a non-zero mean. Using the Hermite polynomial, the mean concentration for purely oscillatory and combined flow is obtained, highlighting notable variations based on flow factors. The results suggest that increment in anisotropic angle ϕ reduces dispersion and enhances mean concentration for permeability ratio K < 1, but this reverses for K > 1. Three dispersion phases emerge: diffusive, anomalous, and Taylor's regimes. Gaussian cloud distribution occurs at small and large times, with intermediate stages displaying anomalous dispersion and asymmetric longitudinal distribution. Effects of boundary absorption stabilize over time. The research focuses on the practical significance of different permeabilities of porous media, emphasizing applications of anisotropic porous media in fields such as chemical engineering and industrial processes.

Cooperative correction method for distortion and dispersion of deflected field of view in Risley-prism bionic-human-eye imaging systems.

The Risley-prism imaging system (RPIS) is a powerful way to achieve bionic human eye imaging with great advantages on large field of view (FOV) and variable resolution imaging owing to the autonomous controlled deflection of light. But the imaging dispersion originating from nonlinear and uneven light deflection results in limited imaging wavelength that seriously hinders its application. The existing solutions for imaging dispersion mainly rely on the hardware, which generally has bulky structure and limited improvement on image. Besides, the existing image evaluation methods for dispersion are not suitable for RPIS due to inhomogeneous dispersion. Herein, this paper systematically analyzes the mechanism and characteristics of dispersion in the RPIS, and proposes a cooperative correction method for image distortion and dispersion of multiple-color imaging, achieving the elimination of distortion and dispersion simultaneously without changing the optical structure. A dispersion evaluation index based on Pearson's correlation coefficient (PCC) is also established, and the objectivity and validity of the index are proved by experiments. Furthermore, a kind of compact RPIS based on an RGB camera is built, and both indoor and outdoor experiments are conducted. The experimental results demonstrate that proposed algorithm has strong universality and robustness for various scenes and targets.

A Cluster-Type Self-Healing Catalyst for Stable Saline–Alkali Water Splitting

In electrocatalytic processes, traditional powder/film electrodes inevitably suffer from damage or deactivation, reducing their catalytic performance and stability. In contrast, self-healing electrocatalysts, through special structural design or composition methods, can automatically repair at the damaged sites, restoring their electrocatalytic activity. Here, guided by Pourbaix diagrams, foam metal was activated by a simple cyclic voltammetry method to synthesize metal clusters dispersion solution (MC/KOH). The metal clusters-modified hydroxylated Ni-Fe oxyhydroxide electrode (MC/NixFeyOOH) by a facile Ni-Fe metal–organic framework-reconstructed strategy, exhibiting superior performance toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in the mixture of MC/KOH and saline–alkali water (MC/KOH+SAW). Specifically, using a nickel clusters-modified hydroxylated Ni-Fe oxyhydroxide electrode (NC/NixFeyOOH) for OER, the NC/NixFeyOOH catalyst has an ultra-low overpotential of 149 mV@10 mA cm−2, and durable stability of 100 h at 500 mA cm−2. By coupling this OER catalyst with an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst, high activity and durability in overall SAW splitting is exhibited. What is more, benefiting from the excellent fluidity, flexibility, and enhanced catalytic activity effect of the liquid NC, we demonstrate a self-healing electrocatalysis system for OER operated in the flowing NC/(KOH+SAW). This strategy provides innovative solutions for the fields of sustainable energy and environmental protection.

A dual-emission ratiometric luminescence probe based on Zr-MOFs for the efficient detection of Cu2+ in aqueous solutions

A novel dual-emission ratio luminescent probe (Eu(DPA)3@UIO-66-NH2) for the detection of Cu[Formula: see text] in an aqueous solution was successfully prepared by linking the Zr-MOFs material UIO-66-NH2 with the lanthanide complex Na3[Eu(DPA)3] through the interaction between functional groups. The synthesized Eu(DPA)3@UIO-66-NH2 inherits the advantages of MOFs and lanthanide complexes, and it not only has excellent luminescence performance but also shows good dispersion and structural stability in aqueous solution. The characteristics of dual-emission light can achieve specific ratiometric luminescence detection of Cu[Formula: see text]. In addition, the probe exhibited high sensitivity for the detection of Cu[Formula: see text]with a detection limit as low as 0.89 [Formula: see text]M. It can provide an efficient and stable platform for the convenient and rapid detection of Cu[Formula: see text] in aqueous solutions and has the potential for development applications.

Electroanalytical application of phenol-functionalized reduced graphene oxide produced using gallic acid in a single step

This study introduces a simple one-step approach for synthesizing phenol-functionalized reduced graphene oxide for electroanalytical purposes, just using gallic acid (GA) and graphene oxide (GO). GA serves as both a reductant for GO and a stabilizing, functionalizing agent, introducing phenolic groups to the nanomaterial. This functionalization imparts remarkable attributes to the nanomaterial, allowing complete dispersion in aqueous solutions and tuning of its electrochemical performance, making it very convenient for electrode modification. The resulting nanomaterials (GA-rGO) underwent characterization through UV–visible, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopies, as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Glassy carbon electrodes modified with aqueous dispersions of these nanomaterials (GA-rGO/GCE) were employed in voltammetric experiments to evaluate the optimal dispersion composition for electroanalytical application.These GA-rGO/GCE displayed high electrocatalytic activity for the electrochemical oxidation of relevant clinical and environmental analytes. The unique functionalization of GA-rGO facilitated the selective accumulation of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) on the electrode surface, even in the presence of significant amounts of ascorbic acid (AA) in mixtures. Under the specified conditions, voltammetric currents display linear increments over the concentration ranges of 3.0 x 10-7 M to 2.0 x 10-5 M for DA and 7.0 x 10-6 M to 1.0 x 10-4 M for UA. The sensor demonstrated a low detection limit of 0.090 and 2.1 μM for DA and UA, respectively. The reliability of the electroanalytical performance of the proposed sensor in real samples was demonstrated by the quantification of DA in medications, as well as DA and UA in human urine samples, yielding recovery values between 82 % and 105 %, with relative standard deviation below 11 %.

Nonreciprocal and dispersive solutions of a magnetoelectroelastic slab waveguide

Nonreciprocal and dispersive solutions of a magnetoelectroelastic slab waveguide

Nanostructure Lipid Carrier of Curcumin Co-Delivered with Linalool and Geraniol Monoterpenes as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor of Culex pipiens.

(1) Background: A molecular hybridization docking approach was employed to develop and detect a new category of naturally activated compounds against Culex pipiens as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors via designing a one-pot multicomponent nano-delivery system. (2) Methods: A nanostructure lipid carrier (NLC), as a second generation of solid lipid nanoparticles, was used as a carrier to deliver the active components of curcumin (Cur), geraniol (G), and linalool (L) in one nanoformulation after studying their applicability in replacing the co-crystallized ligand imidacloprid. (3) Results: The prepared nanostructure showed spherical-shaped, polydisperse particles ranging in size from 50 nm to 300 nm, as found using a transmission electron microscope. Additionally, dynamic light scattering confirmed an average size of 169 nm and a highly stable dispersed solution, as indicated by the zeta potential (-38 mV). The prepared NLC-Cur-LG displayed competitive, high-malignancy insecticidal activity against fourth instar C. pipiens with an elevated rate of death of 0.649 µg/mL. The treatment, due to the prepared nanostructure, affects oxidative stress enzymes, e.g., hydrogen peroxide (4 ppm), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (0.03 OD/mg), and protein carbonyl (0.08 OD/mg), and there are observable upward and downward fluctuations when using different concentrations of NLC-Cur-LG, suggesting significant problems in its foreseeable insecticidal activity. The acetylcholinesterase activity was assessed by an enzyme inhibition assay, and strengthened inhibition occurred due to the encapsulated NLCs (IC50 = 1.95 µg/mL). An investigation of the gene expression by Western blotting, due to treatment with NLC-Cur-LG, revealed a severe reduction of nearly a quarter of what was seen in the untreated group. As a preliminary safety step, the nanoformulation's toxicity against normal cell lines was tested, and a reassuring result was obtained of IC50 = 158.1 µg/mL for the normal lung fibroblast cell line. (4) Conclusions: the synthesized nanoformulation, NLC-Cur-LG, is a useful insecticide in field conditions.

A Flexible and Stretchable MXene/Waterborne Polyurethane Composite-Coated Fiber Strain Sensor for Wearable Motion and Healthcare Monitoring.

Fiber-based flexible sensors have promising application potential in human motion and healthcare monitoring, owing to their merits of being lightweight, flexible, and easy to process. Now, high-performance elastic fiber-based strain sensors with high sensitivity, a large working range, and excellent durability are in great demand. Herein, we have easily and quickly prepared a highly sensitive and durable fiber-based strain sensor by dip coating a highly stretchable polyurethane (PU) elastic fiber in an MXene/waterborne polyurethane (WPU) dispersion solution. Benefiting from the electrostatic repulsion force between the negatively charged WPU and MXene sheets in the mixed solution, very homogeneous and stable MXene/WPU dispersion was successfully obtained, and the interconnected conducting networks were correspondingly formed in a coated MXene/WPU shell layer, which makes the as-prepared strain sensor exhibit a gauge factor of over 960, a large sensing range of over 90%, and a detection limit as low as 0.5% strain. As elastic fiber and mixed solution have the same polymer constitute, and tight bonding of the MXene/WPU conductive composite on PU fibers was achieved, enabling the as-prepared strain sensor to endure over 2500 stretching-releasing cycles and thus show good durability. Full-scale human motion detection was also performed by the strain sensor, and a body posture monitoring, analysis, and correction prototype system were developed via embedding the fiber-based strain sensors into sweaters, strongly indicating great application prospects in exercise, sports, and healthcare.

Electroosmotic flow modulation and dispersion of uncharged solutes in soft nanochannel.

We perform a systematic study on the modulation of electroosmotic flow (EOF), tuning the selectivity using electrolyte ions and hydrodynamic dispersion of the solute band across the soft nanochannel. The supporting walls of the channel are considered to be hydrophobic and bear non-zero surface charge. For such a channel, the inner side of the supporting rigid walls of the channel are coated with a soft polyelectrolyte layer (PEL). The inhomogeneous distribution of monomers and accompanying volume charge within the PEL is modelled via soft-step function. The dielectric permittivity of the PEL and electrolyte solution are in general different, which in turn leads to the ion partitioning effect. The impact of ion steric effects due to finite sized ions is further accounted through the modified ion activity coefficient. To model the EOF modulation considering the combined impact of the ion steric and ion partitioning effects as well as inhomogeneous distribution of monomers across the PEL, we adopt the modified Poisson-Boltzmann equation as the governing equation for electrostatic potential. The Debye-Bueche model is adopted to study the flow field across the PEL and the Stokes equation governs the EOF outside the PEL. In order to study the impact of the modulated EOF field on the dispersion of uncharged solution, we adopt three different models, i.e., a general 2D convective-diffusion model as well as cross-sectional averaged dispersion models due to Gill and late-time Taylor and Aris. Going beyond the widely employed Debye-Hückel approximation and uniform distribution of the monomer as well as accompanying volume charge, we find the results for the electric double layer (EDL) potential, EOF field and averaged throughput, by tuning the ion selectivity, etc., which is sufficient to analyze the transport of ionized liquid across the channel. The numerical results are supplemented with analytical results for the EDL potential as well as the EOF field under various limiting situations. Besides, we have further shown the impact of the modulated EOF field on the solute dispersion process. We have presented results that highlight the impact of parameters related to EOF field modulation, on solute dispersion governed by a convective-diffusive process, as well as obtaining the results for an effective dispersion coefficient. The dispersion models under the modulated EOF field adopted in the present study can thus be applied to study the dispersion process in engineered microdevices.

WARP: The Data Reduction Pipeline for the WINERED Spectrograph

We present a data reduction pipeline written in Python for data obtained with the near-infrared cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph, WINERED, which yields a 0.91–1.35 μm spectrum with the resolving power of Rmax≡λ/Δλ=28,000 or 70,000 depending on the observing mode. The pipeline was developed to efficiently extract the spectrum from the raw data with high quality. It comprises two modes: the calibration and the science mode. The calibration mode automatically produces the flat-fielding image, bad pixel map, echellogram distortion map and the dispersion solution from the set of the calibration data. Using calibration images and parameters, the science data of astronomical objects can be reduced automatically using the science mode. The science mode is also used for the real-time quick look at the data during observations. An example of the spectra reduced with WARP is presented. The effect of the highly inclined slit image on the spectral resolution is discussed.

Construction of a molecularly imprinted fluorescent sensor based on an amphiphilic block copolymer-metal-organic framework for the detection of oxytetracycline in milk.

A metal-organic framework (MOF) is a good carrier for molecular imprinting due to its high surface area and strong adsorption capacity, but its poor dispersibility in aqueous solution is one of the significant drawbacks, which can severely impede its effectiveness. Amphiphilic block copolymers are good hydrophilic materials and have the potential to overcome the shortcomings of MOFs. In order to improve the hydrophilicity of molecularly imprinted fluorescent materials, we have applied a combination of molecularly imprinted technology and amphiphilic block copolymers on MOFs for the first time. Amphiphilic PAVE copolymer is selected as the molecular imprinted functional monomer to improve the hydrophilicity of UiO-66-NH2. The synthesized PAVE-MOF-MIP has adequate water dispersion ability and fluorescence activity. When encountering oxytetracycline, PAVE-MOF-MIP will produce fluorescence quenching, it is used to construct a fluorescence detection platform for oxytetracycline detection. Compared with traditional MIP@MOF, PAVE-MOF-MIP has better water dispersion ability and detection accuracy. Under optimal conditions, the linear range of oxytetracycline detection is 10-100 μmol L-1, and the minimum limit of detection (LOD) is 86 nmol L-1. This paper proposes a novel approach to use amphiphilic block copolymers as molecularly imprinted monomers on MOFs, providing an innovative idea that has not been previously explored.

Multi-role conductive hydrogels for flexible transducers regulated by MOFs for monitoring human activities and electronic skin functions.

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention in the development of stretchable and wearable conductive hydrogels for flexible transducers. However, MOFs used in hydrogel networks have been hampered by low mechanical performance and poor dispersibility in aqueous solutions, which affect the performance of hydrogels, including low toughness, limited self-recovery, short working ranges, low conductivity, and prolonged response-recovery times. To address these shortcomings, a novel approach was adopted in which micelle co-polymerization was used for the ex situ synthesis of Zn-MOF-based hydrogels with exceptional stretchability, robust toughness, anti-fatigue properties, and commendable conductivity. This breakthrough involved the ex situ integration of Zn-MOFs into hydrophobically cross-linked polymer chains. Here the micelles of EHDDAB had two functions, first they uniformly dispersed the Zn-MOFs and secondly they dynamically cross-linked the polymer chains, profoundly influencing the mechanical characteristics of the hydrogels. The non-covalent synergistic interactions introduced by Zn-MOFs endowed the hydrogels with the capacity for high stretchability, high stress, rapid self-recovery, anti-fatigue properties, and conductivity, all achieved without external stimuli. Furthermore, hydrogels based on Zn-MOFs can serve as durable and highly sensitive flexible transducers, adept at detecting diverse mechanical deformations with swift response-recovery times and high gauge factor values. Consequently, these hydrogels can be tailored to function as wearable strain sensors capable of sensing significant human joint movements, such as wrist bending, and motions involving the wrist, fingers, and elbows. Similarly, they excel at monitoring subtle human motions, such as speech pronunciation, distinguishing between different words, as well as detecting swallowing and larynx vibrations during various activities. Beyond these applications, the hydrogels exhibit proficiency in distinguishing and reproducing various written words with reliability. The Zn-MOF-based hydrogels hold promising potential for development in electronic skin, medical monitoring, soft robotics, and flexible touch panels.

Carboxymethyl cellulose-stabilized calcium phosphate particles for injectable hydrogel-based bone tissue engineering.

Calcium phosphate (CaP) is a widely used biocompatible and bioactive material for bone tissue engineering due to its similarity to the mineral component of natural bone. Amorphous calcium phosphate is a highly reactive form of CaP that can undergo a phase transformation into a more stable crystalline phase, making it an attractive candidate for bone regeneration applications. However, amorphous CaP is highly unstable in aqueous solutions, which limits its use in practical applications. To overcome this limitation, this research aimed to employ carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a water-soluble biopolymer, as a stabilizer for CaP particles. CMC can form a protective layer around CaP particles, enhancing their stability and dispersion in aqueous solutions. An in situ wet chemical process was used to prepare CaP/CMC particles. A concentration of 500 mg L-1 of CMC was found to effectively stabilize the synthesized CaP particles, resulting in good dispersity. These particles were then integrated into an injectable hydrogel made of methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA) to create a promising material for bone regeneration applications. The use of CaP and CMC in combination with an injectable MeHA hydrogel provides a promising approach to develop a stable, injectable material for bone regeneration.

Dispersive optical soliton solutions with the concatenation model incorporating quintic order dispersion using three distinct schemes

<abstract><p>This paper addresses the new concatenation model incorporating quintic-order dispersion, incorporating four well-known nonlinear models. The concatenated models are the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, the Hirota equation, the Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel equation, and the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with quintic-order dispersion. The model itself is innovative and serves as an encouragement for investigating and analyzing the extracted optical solitons. These models play a crucial role in nonlinear optics, especially in studying optical fibers. Three integration algorithms are implemented to investigate the optical solitons with the governing model. These techniques are the Weierstrass-type projective Riccati equation expansion method, the addendum to Kudryashov's method, and the new mapping method. The solutions obtained include various solitons, such as bright, dark, and straddled solitons. Additionally, the paper reports hyperbolic solutions and Weierstrass-type doubly periodic solutions. These solutions are novel and have never been reported before. Visual depictions of some selected solitons illustrate these solutions' dynamic behavior and wave structure.</p></abstract>

Encapsulation of multiple enzymes within a microgel via water-in-water emulsions for enzymatic cascade reactions.

Enzyme-loaded spherical microgels with diameters of several micrometers have been explored for use in therapeutic microreactors and biosensors. Conventional preparation strategies for enzyme-loaded microgels utilized water-in-oil emulsions or flow chemistry techniques. The former damage enzyme activity using organic solvents and the latter are expensive and difficult to expand because of the complex system. In this study, we present a simple strategy for creating multiple enzyme-loaded gelatin-based microgels with tunable diameters in a single flask. This strategy was based on our finding that enzymes spontaneously partitioned in a dispersed methacryloyl gelatin aqueous solution in a poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (WGelMA/WPVP) aqueous solution. The method achieved an encapsulation efficiency of over 70% even with four types of enzymes and retained their activity owing to the full aqueous system. Additionally, the encapsulated β-galactosidase activity was maintained for 24 hours at pH 6, although naked β-galactosidase lost approximately 60% of its activity, which was superior to that of previous enzyme-loaded gelatin gels. Moreover, this simple method enabled the production of 10 g-scale or more microgels in one batch. We also demonstrated that multiple enzyme-loaded gelatin microgels functioned as cascade microreactors for lactose and glucose sensing. This versatile strategy enables the production of enzyme-loaded microgels while maintaining the enzyme activity using very low technologies. This result contributes to the easy preparation of enzyme-loaded microgels and their applications in the biomedical and green catalytic fields.

Highly dispersive gap solitons for conformable fractional model in optical fibers with dispersive reflectivity solutions using the modified extended direct algebraic method

<p>We investigated the dynamics of highly dispersive nonlinear gap solitons in optical fibers with dispersive reflectivity, utilizing a conformable fractional derivative model. The modified extended direct algebraic method was employed to obtain various soliton solutions, including bright solitons and singular solitons, as well as hyperbolic and trigonometric solutions. The key findings demonstrated that the fractional derivative parameter ($ \alpha $) can effectively control the wave propagation, causing a shift in the wave signal while maintaining the same amplitude. This is a novel contribution, as the ability to control soliton properties through the conformable derivative is explored for the first time in this work. The results showcase the significant influence of fractional derivatives in shaping the characteristics of the soliton solutions, which is crucial for accurately modeling the dispersive and nonlocal effects in optical fibers. This research provides insights into the potential applications of fractional calculus in the design and optimization of photonic devices for optical communication systems.</p>