Soluble Salts Research Articles

A systematic deliquescent additive selection approach for enhancement of reaction kinetics of thermochemical heat storage materials

A series of 16 salt mixtures consisting of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as the base salt and a secondary salt hydrate in a 20 : 1 mol ratio of anhydrous K2CO3 to anhydrous additive were investigated as potential thermochemical heat storage (TCHS) composites. Those materials were evaluated based on their (de)hydration temperatures and reaction kinetics to find a suitable secondary salt mixture with enhanced phase change behaviour. The improved performance is expected to come from the enhancement of ionic mobility due to the deliquescence of the secondary salt. Based on the screening, we found that deliquescent and highly soluble salts are prone to reacting with K2CO3, forming new compounds that do not impact the behaviour of the base salt. Therefore, the most promising additives were salts that share a common ion with K2CO3 (KF, Cs2CO3) or salts that can react with K2CO3 forming a highly deliquescent salt (CsF, Cs2SO4). Based on the findings, we were able to design a selection procedure that can be applied to other salt hydrates considered for TCHS applications that suffer from poor kinetics and large reaction hysteresis.

Insight into the reaction characteristics of H2-reduction decomposition of gypsum: Experimental and isothermal kinetic analysis

In addition to its primary component, calcium sulfate, industrial by-product gypsum also contains trace amounts of heavy metals and soluble salts. When accumulated or landfilled over an extended period, this can lead to soil and groundwater pollution. Utilizing the H2 reduction decomposition of industrial by-product gypsum not only addresses the challenge of managing this waste but also offers a low CO2 emission method for producing quicklime. This study investigates the influence of reaction temperature, H2 concentration, and the PCO2/PH2 partial pressure ratio on the reductive decomposition of CaSO4 through experimental analysis. Subsequently, it delves into the kinetic characteristics of CaO production from the reductive decomposition of CaSO4 by H2, employing isothermal kinetic approaches. Finally, the feasibility of employing industrial by-product gypsum reduction and decomposition technology for quicklime preparation is explored. The results reveal that CaSO4 can be entirely decomposed into CaO when the temperature exceeds 1000 °C, H2 concentration is ≥ 2%, and the PCO2/PH2 ≥ 8. The interaction of CaS with CaSO4 is identified as the primary secondary reaction within the intermediate product CaS. When CaSO4 is decomposed in an atmosphere comprising 2% H2, 20% CO2, and N2, the apparent activation energies for the reaction, as determined by both the model-free and model-fitting methods, are 41.56 kJ/mol and 49.34 kJ/mol, respectively, with a modified reaction order of n = 1.748 and a modified model function of G(α) = [−ln (1-α)]0.572. Furthermore, the overall reaction rate is governed by the nucleation and growth rates of CaO. Lastly, the product quicklime obtained from the reductive decomposition of desulfurization gypsum and phosphogypsum using H2 contains over 90% CaO, complete absence of CaS, and conforms to the first-grade construction quicklime standards.

Study on the Unified Mechanical Properties of Ili Undisturbed Loess under the Influence of Soluble Salt

Through three stress path tests of unsaturated Ili undisturbed loess, the effect of soluble salt content on the deformation of net mean stress, suction, and deviated stress were investigated. The mechanical properties of the normalized compression curve, soil water characteristic curve and critical state line were revealed. The test results indicate that: in the isotropic compression test, the normal compression curves controlling different suctions can be characterized by using the initial void ratio and the yield net mean stress, and can be described as a two-parameter exponential function. In the triaxial shrinkage test, the soil water characteristic curves controlling vary net mean stresses are dimensionless by using saturated moisture and air entry value, and the normalization formula can be characterized by a single parameter exponential function. In the consolidation shear test, the corresponding effective net mean stress is calculated by suction and saturation. The critical state lines under the unsaturated condition controlling vary suctions can be described as the critical state line under the saturated condition on the plane of effective net mean stress and deviator stress. When the effective net mean stress is constant, the critical state lines under the unsaturated condition can be characterized by the degree of gas saturation and the ratio of unsaturated void ratio to saturated void ratio. The research will offer reference pointing at the regulation and utilization of water and salt in the loess region of Central Asia, so as to better guarantee the sustainable development of saline-alkali land project construction.

Irrigation Water – Quality Issues, Limits, and Way Forward

Depending on how groundwater has been collected and used, the severity of the rainfall, and the following aquifer recharge, the quality of irrigation fluids differs between regions, nations, and even towns. In hot, arid regions with limited rainfall, the salinity of groundwater used for agriculture rises, limiting the variety of crops that may be produced. Therefore, determining the quality of the irrigation water is essential. How well water works for irrigation relies on how much and what kinds of soluble salts are present in the solution. In regard to the four fundamental standards of water salinity (electrical conductivity), sodium risk (sodium adsorption ratio-SAR), residual sodium carbonates (RSC), and ion toxicity, the amount and make-up of soluble salts in a solution are reviewed. We talk about the risks associated with boron and chlorides. For convenience, several plant species' boron tolerance levels are given. The updated water quality diagram created by the US Salinity Laboratory Staff in 1954 is the most significant section of this review. The salinity of most irrigation fluids is more than 2250 S cm-1, which is not represented in this picture. The water classification diagram was expanded to include salinities up to 30,000 S cm-1 in order to handle EC values larger than 2250 S cm-1. The categories for salinity and sodicity presented here can be used to select and manage crops in an educated manner. Methods for controlling water sodicity with gypsum and lowering water salinity by combining different waters are described with examples.

Comparative Evaluation of Particle Size Reduction, Salt Formation, and Amorphous Formulation on the Biopharmaceutical Performance of a Weak Base Drug Candidate.

Various approaches have been developed to enhance the solubility or dissolution rate for the delivery of poorly water-soluble molecules. In this work, guided by an in silico solubility sensitivity analysis for oral absorption, a comparative assessment of the biopharmaceutical performance of a jet-milled free base, a tosylate salt, and a 50:50 (w/w) amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) of a weak base drug candidate, GDC-3280, was conducted. Successful particle size reduction without amorphization or form change was confirmed for the jet-milled free base. The potential of solubility enhancement and desupersaturation risk were identified for tosylate salt and ASD formulation by measurements of tosylate salt solubility product constant (Ksp) and amorphous solubility of GDC-3280. In vitro dissolution testing demonstrated dissolution rate improvement for the jet-milled free base when compared with the unmilled free base and confirmed solubility enhancement followed by desupersaturation for GDC-3280 tosylate salt and ASD formulation. A crystallization inhibitor, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), was found to slow down the desupersaturation of tosylate salt solution, providing general insights for the development of pharmaceutical salts with disproportionation risks. Finally, a pharmacokinetic study in dogs showed that the in vivo exposure increased by 1.7- to 2-fold for the tosylate salt and ASD formulation compared with the jet-milled free base, consistent with the in silico solubility sensitivity analysis for the fraction of drug absorbed. Overall, this work provides insights into the evaluation of multiple formulation approaches for enhancing the biopharmaceutical performance of poorly water-soluble drugs.

Negative Effect Of Ponds Water On Environment

This study assesses the rainwater ponds with comparison of water samples were taken back from the rainwater right after it fell. In addition, it will investigate the effect of negative effect of ponds rain water. After rainwater falling to the ground and being exposed to natural or industrial activities. This work examined this water Chemical, Physical and Biological properties. Field experiment was conducted in Misurata region in central Libya. The ponds rain water physicochemical parameters such as, acidic number (PH), Total dissolved salts (TDS), Electrical conductivity (E.C), Sulphates (So4-2), Nitrates (No3), Ca, Mn and Fe also determined. Fungal colonies were isolated and counted. The results reveal that sampling sites were affected by different activities waste. Total soluble salts of ponds rain water and control ranged from 24.6 to 524 ppm and the pH ranged from 7.1 to 8.4. and showed appreciable differences within localities. Electrical conductivity presented 39.0 to 819 ppm. Whereas the Sulphates, Nitrates showed 0 to 30 ppm,0 to 30.5 ppm respectively. The all tested metals increased from all locations. Isolated microbial flora consists of 4 fungal genera belonging to, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rizopus and Fusarium. Most of them may consider the resistance fungi to industrial waste water due to its large colonies numbers isolated from unclean rainwater ponds water and contaminated metals area. In conclusion the human activities had a significant effect on all the parameters examined even microbial flora.

Salinization and Solonetsization of Soils in River Valleys of the Kulunda Plain

The surface of the Kulunda Plain is dissected by a system of ancient wide valleys, former runoff hollows, which have a very small slope (less than 1°). Rivers flow along these weakly expressed valleys, redistributing readily soluble salts throughout the territory. The regime of these rivers is characterized by a sharp and high flood wave and low (up to complete drying) runoff in the summer. The purpose of this work is to study the ion-salt system of soils of ancient runoff troughs of the Kulunda Plain, groundwater and river waters in order to identify modern processes of soil salinization. During floods, river water feeds close-lying groundwater, influencing its chemical composition. Studies of three key sites in the valleys of the Bagan (Novosibirsk region), Burla and Kulunda (Altai Territory) rivers took place in 2021–2022. Ground waters of varying degrees of mineralization (from 3.4 to 63.0 g/l) and lie close to the surface (2–5 m), which causes a wide distribution of saline hydromorphic soils in the study area. Differences in the salt state of soils in different valleys, groundwater and river waters are discussed. The degree of salinization of soils depended on their granulometric composition. The high content of physical clay contributed to the rise of salts with groundwater and their accumulation in the soil profile. A large amount of exchangeable sodium in the soil absorbing complex of the studied soils (more than 3–5 cm (eq)/kg), the predominance of easily soluble sodium salts in the soil solution with its low mineralization, as well as the alkaline reaction of the soil medium indicates the manifestation of the process of soil salinization.

Study on scaling mechanism of injected water in Yujiaping Oilfield

Oilfield injected water scaling often has a great impact on production and development. In this study, the scaling mechanism of injection well was studied, and the scale samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and other methods to determine the elements and mineral composition of scale samples and finally determine the main components of scale samples, providing a basis for subsequent water quality treatment. The results show that scale formation in Yu jia ping oil area is mainly caused by corrosion, inorganic salt scale caused by chemical reaction and sediment carried by injected water. Among them, inorganic salt scale is the main scaling component, and its main reason is the changes of ions in the injected water under different chemical environments. After a series of chemical and physical reactions, some ions in the injected water will form insoluble, insoluble and slightly soluble inorganic salts. After long-term accumulation, it is easy to form scale, namely the so-called inorganic salt scale. Inorganic salt scale is generally composed of sulfate and carbonate, the more typical calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, etc.

Hydrochlorides and Dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborates of Amino Derivatives of 1,3,5-Triazine in the Technology of Isolation and Purification of the [B12H12]2– Anion

The possibility of using salts of 2,4,6-triamine-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4-diamine-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazine, and 2,4-diamine-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine for isolation of the dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate anion [B12H12]2– from aqueous solutions has been studied. Compound [2,4-(NH2)2-6-Ph-1,3,5-N3С3H]2[B12H12]⋅H2O (solubility 0.06 g in 100 g water at 17°C), promising for the precipitation of the [B12H12]2– anion, has been isolated by the metathesis reaction of moderately soluble hydrochloride [2,4-(NH2)2-6-Ph-1,3,5-N3С3H]Cl⋅H2O with sodium and potassium dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborates. A procedure has been developed for the decomposition of [2,4-(NH2)2-6-Ph-1,3,5-N3С3H]2[B12H12]⋅H2O with ammonium hydroxide to obtain soluble salts of the [B12H12]2– anion

Study on Mechanical Properties of Sulfate Saline Soil Improved by CLI-Type Polymer Active Agent

Large amounts of soluble salts in a soil enhance the soil sensitivity to changes in its properties induced by changes in environmental conditions, such as easy dissolution in water and easy occurrences of salt heaving in low-temperature environments, which make the soil volume swell rapidly, leading to a series of engineering disasters. Moreover, the growth and development of surface vegetation will be inhibited due to excessive salinity, resulting in a gradual decline in the ecological functionality of the area. A polymer active agent (CLI) was selected for the ecological improvement of sulfuric acid saline soils. Triaxial compression tests and a test on the soluble salt content of the treated soil were carried out to investigate the effects of polymer active agent content and maintenance time on the mechanical properties and soluble salt content of sulfate saline soils. The results showed that the addition of CLI can improve the soil strength by increasing the cohesion of the specimen, and the improvement increases significantly with the content of CLI and the curing age. Meanwhile, the calcium ions in CLI can react with sulfate ions in sulfate-salted soils to produce calcium sulfate precipitation to alleviate soil salinization. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images indicated that an appropriate content of CLI (about 8%) can strengthen the soil structure through an excellent chelating ability, enhancing the strength of the soil.

Characterization of the Stone Masonries and Evaluation of the Environmental Impact in Panamá Viejo: A Contribution for the Conservation of the Monumental Complex

A fundamental step in the best preservation of heritage materials is investigating their chemical and physical characteristics, and understanding how they interact with the surrounding environment. For this reason, the stone masonry of the monumental UNESCO site of Panamá Viejo was subjected to a thorough study to characterize the materials and evaluate their state of conservation. Additionally, potential outcrops were explored in order to identify sites for the supply of raw materials. The methodological approach encompassed mineralogical-petrographic investigations using stereomicroscopy, polarized light microscopy (PLM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (ESEM-EDS) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The results revealed that the masonries primarily consists of polygenic breccia, basaltic andesite, rhyodacite, tuffite, and rhyolite. In addition, at the potential quarries, breccia and basaltic andesite were identified. The porous structure was studied using mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Possible issues due to salt dissolution/crystallization cycles were considered. Consequently, ion chromatography (IC) was conducted on samples exhibiting alteration patinas to study the presence of soluble salts. In assessing the state of conservation, prevalent forms of deterioration included biological colonization, detachments, material loss, potential salt weathering, and chromatic alteration. In conclusion, the outcomes of this work provide a valuable resource for the current and future preservation of this site.

Recovery of Agricultural Waste to Obtain Compost

The aim of this study is to make compost in a specialized container, using household and agricultural waste from own farm and the physicochemical characterization of obtained compost. The physicochemical characterization of the compost samples was carried out through the following determinations: determination of moisture, pH, determination of total soluble salts, determination of nitrate nitrogen, determination of nitrite, determination of ammonium nitrogen and determination of organic matter content. The compost samples analysed showed a high physicochemical quality. The use of compost offers environmentally friendly solutions with a long-term impact on the environment and quality of life.

Preliminary Diagnostic Survey of Deteriorated Paint Layers at the Maritime Station of Rocha Do Conde De Óbidos, Lisbon: A Multianalytical Research

This paper reports the preliminary diagnostic survey of the six controversial mural paintings painted in 1946–49 at the Maritime Station of Rocha do Conde de Óbidos in Lisbon, considered the artistic epitome of Almada Negreiros mural painting art. Four research questions drove this research: a) What are the main decay phenomena present and their sources? b) Which are the paint layers most affected, and are they linked to a particular pigment? c) Is there any relation between the painting technique used and the deterioration or stability of the paint layers and pigments? And finally, d) Are there differences in the decay phenomena present in both maritime stations of Alcântara? The analytical setup comprised in-situ and laboratory analysis by way of technical photography documentation (TP), handled optical microscopy (h-OM), handheld X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), complemented by optical microscopy of microfragments and cross sections (OM-Vis-UV), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS).The first results indicate flaking of the paint layers as the main and most severe deterioration feature present in most of the murals. The yellow ochres, browns, blacks, and light greens are the colours most affected, showing different degrees of loss. The pictorial technique used, the presence and action of soluble salts in the structure, and even the products used as adhesives during past interventions might be the root of this phenomenon.

Effect of Sulphate Attack on Self Compacting Concrete

Many current structures are characterized by the complexity of architecture (various shapes and bends) and a high concentration of reinforcement which often makes it difficult to use concrete with conventional plasticity. Recent researches have been conducted in order to adopt concrete to these structures. The resulting concrete formulations are characterized by better workability, while remaining stable with mechanical properties and durability. This new type of concrete can fit in place under the influence of gravity, hence the term self compacting concrete “SCC”.
 The external attack of sulphate salts is considered as one of the major problems affecting concrete durability. Sulphates are highly soluble salts in the form of sodium sulphate, calcium sulphate, potassium sulphate, and magnesium sulphate. Sulphate attack is a process in which sulphates react with various phases of hydrated cement paste leading to deterioration of the concrete matrix through spalling, softening, and mass loss, which may lead to expansion and loose strength and elasticity. It is recognized as a complex process due to the effect of The aim of this study to demonstrate the change in strength in SCC when the cement is replaced with lime powder and to determine the sulphate attack on the self compacting concrete.
 Compressive strength characteristics for 7days and 28days of the self compacting concrete are determined in which cement is partially replaced with lime powder (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%) and cured in the sodium sulphate solution.
 To attain the planned objectives of the present investigation, M20 grade self compacting concrete is taken and values of cement replaced with limestone at the percentages of 0%,10%,20%,30% were considered. The total of 48 cubes,48 cylinders were casted.24 cubes and 24 cylinders are cured in normal water and 24 cubes and 24 cylinders are cured in sodium sulphate solution. and determined the compressive strength and split tensile strength values. The developments of compressive and tensile strengths of self compacting concrete at the age of 7and 28 days are investigated. Under the influence of external sulphate attack. The parameters comparing the SCC with normal concrete are increased at the 20% of lime powder replacement after that the parameters decreases gradually.

Room-Temperature Hydrogen-Sensitive Pt-SnO2 Composite Nanoceramics: Contrasting Roles of Pt Nano-Catalysts Loaded via Two Different Methods

Soluble noble metal salts are widely used for loading noble metals as nano-catalysts in many applications. In this paper, Pt-SnO2 composite nanoceramics were prepared from SnO2 nanoparticles and H2PtCl6 using two Pt loading methods separately: for the solution reduction method, a H2PtCl6 solution was added to a suspension of SnO2 and zinc powder to form Pt on SnO2 nanoparticles, and for the impregnation method, Pt was formed from H2PtCl6 in the course of sintering. Although a series of samples prepared using both Pt loading methods showed a solid response to H2 at room temperature, the ones prepared using the solution reduction method exhibited much better room-temperature hydrogen-sensing characteristics. For two samples of 0.5 wt% Pt and sintered at 825 °C, the response value for the sample prepared using the solution reduction method was 9700 to 1% H2–20% O2-N2, which was much larger than the value of 145 for the sample prepared using the impregnation method. Samples prepared using the two Pt loading methods have similar microstructures characterized via XRD, FESEM, EDS, TEM, and HRTEM. However, the residual chlorine content in those using the impregnation method was higher than those using the solution reduction method according to the analysis. It is proposed that the striking difference in room-temperature hydrogen sensing characteristics among samples prepared using these two different Pt loading methods separately resulted from their different chlorine removal processes. This study demonstrates the importance of a proper method for loading noble metals from their soluble salts as nano-catalysts in many applications.

Influence of combustion temperature on the performance of sewage sludge ash as a supplementary material in manufacturing bricks

The influence of combustion temperature on the properties of sewage sludge ash (SSA) as a substitute material for the production of fired clay bricks was studied. The experiments were performed with sewage sludge (SS) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Zagreb (ZG) and Karlovac (KA). SS samples were fired at temperatures of 800, 900 and 1000 °C, and the properties of the resulting SSA were determined and compared with clay and SS. Bricks with 5 wt% SSA as clay substitute were prepared and compared with clay bricks (control). SSA bricks produced at higher temperatures are of higher strengths and lower water absorption, which are both desirable properties. Compressive strength tests showed that SSA obtained at a firing temperature of 900 °C is the most suitable for use in bricks. For the first time, the influence of SSA on the content of soluble salts in bricks was tested. The content of soluble salts, expressed by the electrical conductivity of leachate, in SSA bricks showed increased values compared to the control bricks, which were 2.8 and 4.6 times higher in bricks with SSA produced at 800 °C. Still, bricks with SSA prepared at higher temperatures had lower content of soluble salts and also SSA from KA had lower soluble salts content than SSA from ZG. The total amount of Na+, K+, Mg2+ in all bricks made with SSA was below the limits for category S2 according to EN 771-1.

Stabilized Bare Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Characterization

Iron is a ubiquitous element found on Earth's crust, existing in various forms, such as Magnetite (Fe3O4) and Hematite (α-Fe2O3). Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs) have become increasingly popular because they possess unique properties such as high surface area to volume ratio, super-paramagnetic properties, photocatalytic properties, and economical synthesis methods. This study produced MIONPs using the co-precipitation method, stabilized by a molybdenum magnet. Two soluble iron salts (FeCl3.6H2O and FeSO4.7H2O) were reacted with 5N NH4OH solution at 80 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. The MIONPs had a high saturation magnetization of 74.2emu/g, good crystallinity with crystalline spinel structured magnetite phase of iron oxide, high thermal stability depicted by 2.09 wt. % weight loss, and small particle sizes (6-25 nm). FTIR revealed a high-intensity peak at 546.28 cm-1, attributed to the Fe-O stretching bond. Furthermore, the study showed that the co-precipitation method could be used to produce nanoparticles with a wide range of properties that could be used for various applications. It is a promising solution for producing stabilized magnetic nanoparticles since it uses non-toxic reagents and a straightforward, secure technique. Therefore, it may be used to synthesize nanoparticles for targeted treatment, magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery, water treatment purposes and environmental remediation.

Effects of dry-wet cycles on compacted loess: from macroscopic to microscopic investigation

To investigate the response mechanism of mechanical properties for compacted loess to dry-wet cycles, multi-scale tests including direct shear, consolidation compression, crack quantification, SEM, NMR and XRD were designed and performed on samples from 0 to 9 cycles. The results indicate that both the shear strength and overall compressibility deteriorate substantially after the first dry-wet cycle and stabilize after five cycles. Meanwhile, mesoscopic cracks appear on the loess surface during the initiation, propagation and equilibrium phases, accompanied by a growth in the crack ratio, as well as a more chaotic crack distribution with cycles. The penetration of the pore space during repeated dry-wet leads to a decrease in the volume of micropores and small pores and an increase in that of mesopores and macropores. Additionally, particle rounding and orientation are slightly enhanced and the soil microstructure becomes more fragmented. Furthermore, the relative content of the primary minerals has grown insignificantly after performing the dry-wet cycles, while the clay minerals and soluble salts content has decreased inconsiderably. The deterioration of the macroscopic mechanical properties of compacted loess can be considered as the comprehensive manifestation of irreversible fatigue damage to its microscopic and mesoscopic structures induced by dry-wet cycles.

Investigation and analysis of ancient brick carvings of the Liuhe Pagoda in Hangzhou

AbstractThe Liuhe Pagoda in Hangzhou, China, has a large number of brick carvings from the Southern Song Dynasty (1152 ce), covering an area of 464 m2. However, the exquisite brick carvings in the Liuhe Pagoda have deteriorated due to natural weathering and a high‐humidity environment. Through laboratory analysis and on‐site nondestructive testing, the physical and chemical properties of the brick carvings of Liuhe Pagoda were investigated, and the weathering mechanism of the brick carvings was further analyzed. The brick carving of Liuhe Pagoda is composed of brick, white plastering and black coating. CaCO3 is the main component in white plastering, and the black coating on the top surface contains Chinese lacquer. The weathering products of the brick were analyzed and a trace of CaSO4.2H2O was found. In addition, the brick carvings with high water content have low Leeb hardness and severe weathering. Therefore, water and soluble salt are the main factors in weathering of the brick carvings of the Liuhe Pagoda.

Unraveling the Ion Uptake Capacitive Deionization of Sea- and Highly Saline-Water by Sulfur and Nitrogen Co-Doped Porous Carbon Modified with Molybdenum Sulfide.

In parallel to the depletion of potable water reservoirs, novel technologies have been developed for seawater softening, as it is the most abundant source for generating deionized water. Although salt removal at subosmotic pressures and ambient temperatures by applying low-operating potentials with high energy efficiency made capacitive deionization (CDI) an advantageous water-softening process, its practical application is limited by insufficient ion removal capacity and low concentration influent. The performance of a CDI system is in progress with engineering the electrode active materials, also facilitating the advance design in highly saline- and seawater study. Herein, an innovative strategy was developed to provide high-performance CDI systems based on efficient and electrochemical ion-uptake active materials with a simple initial preparation. Nitrogen-doped porous carbons (N-pCs) received benefits from a high specific surface area and good surface wettability. The N-pCs were modified with molybdenum oxide/sulfide intercalative array and developed as CDI electrode active materials for desalination of both low/medium saline- and seawater. The MoS2/S,N-pC electrode materials exhibited perfect optimized salt adsorption capacity (SACs) of 47.9 mg g-1 when compared to N-pC (37.9 mg g-1) and MoO3/N-pC (39.6 mg g-1) counterparts at 1.4 V in a 750 ppm NaCl solution. In addition, the assembled CDI cells exhibited reasonable cycle stability and retained 96.7% of their initial SAC in continuous CDI cycles for 128,000 s. The fabricated CDI cell rendered an excellent salt removal efficiency (SRE, %) of 13.34% from the real seawater sample at 1.2 V. In detail, the SRE % of the NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, and CaCl2 soluble salts with respect to seawater sample exhibited a remarkable SRE % of 30.8%, 36%, 32.6%, and 19.3%, respectively. These SRE % values (>13.34%) provide convincing evidence on the reasonable ion uptake capability of the fabricated CDI cells for removing Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ ions compared to other soluble component. The advanced cell design parallel to the promising outcomes provided herein makes these CDI systems immensely propitious for efficient water softening.