Model Of Solidarity Research Articles

A Model of Solidarity and Social Entrepreneurship

We advance new insights into social entrepreneurship by theorizing the role of different forms of solidary across the government, personal and market spheres in society. We then go on to develop specific predictions about the effects of formal solidarity (welfare state), cultural support for formal solidarity and informal personal solidarity (trust, religiosity) on social entrepreneurship taking a regional perspective. We conduct multi-level analysis in which individuals are nested in regions and countries based on data from the 2009 EU Flash Eurobarometer on Entrepreneurship, the European Social Survey and Eurostat. Our findings advance and help to reconcile past research proposed opposing roles of the welfare state for social entrepreneurship in the institutional support and void perspectives by developing a richer account of how solidarity plays out in different spheres. We find that in regions with higher levels of solidarity individuals are more likely to become social entrepreneurs. One implication is that we find support for a long-term ‘crowding in’ effect of the welfare state.

The Open Data Movement: Young Activists between Data Disclosure and Digital Reputation

Young citizens show an increasing interest for direct democracy tools and for the building of a new relationship with public administration through the use of digital platforms. The Open Data issue is part of this transformation. The paper analyzes the Open Data issue from the perspective of a spontaneous and informal group of digital activists with the aim of promoting data disclosure. The study is focused mainly on the case of a specific local movement, named Open Data Sicilia (ODS), combining traditional ethnographic observation with an ethnographic approach. The aim of the study is to detect the social pro-file of the Open Data movement activists, understanding how is it organized their network, what are the common purposes and solidarity models embodied by this type of movement, what are the resources mo-bilized and their strategies between on-line and off-line. The ODS case appears interesting for its evolu-tion, its strategy and organizational structure: an elitist and technocratic movement that aspires to a broad constituency. It is an expressive or a reformist movement, rather than an anti-system actor, with features that are similar to a lobby. The case study also shows all the typical characteristics of digital activism, with its fluid boundaries between ethical inspiration of civic engagement and individual interests

Queer Seductions of the Maternal in Dorothy Macardle's Earth-bound

During her lifetime, Dorothy Macardle was a prominent public intellectual in both her native Ireland and post-war Europe. Her passionate engagement in Irish nationalism found expression in her writing; in her only collection of short stories, Earth-bound: Nine Stories of Ireland, published early in her writing career, she protests Irish women's socially restricted status and offers literary models of female solidarity to her audience (her fellow prisoners in Kilmainham Gaol, where she was imprisoned during the Civil War). Complex and ambiguous messages regarding maternal attitudes and female sexuality are encoded within the collection, particularly in the two Maeve stories (as I have labelled them because of their shared narrator), ‘The Return of Niav’ and ‘The Portrait of Roisin Dhu’, in which she offers coded expressions of the realities of women's lives in early twentieth-century Ireland that the larger public would have preferred remain unspoken, particularly with regard to expressions of maternal inclinations and female sexuality. Earth-bound, driven by her reactions to the many ways that the Irish struggle for national autonomy was purchased by the sacrifice of female autonomy, becomes a vehicle through which she explores socially taboo issues, most notably mothering practices and both heterosexual and homosexual expressions of female sexuality.

A Look at Leadership Styles and Workplace Solidarity Communication

Leadership styles that promote upward and downward communication have been shown to foster a plethora of positive outcomes within the workplace, group collaborations, and team contexts. Similarly, supervisor-subordinate solidarity communication has been related to desirable workplace outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate leadership styles as related to solidarity communication. The authoritarian leadership style was associated with the lowest solidarity and consistently yielded the least job satisfaction and highest burnout in subordinates. Furthermore, subordinates with authoritarian leaders did not fit the supervisor-subordinate solidarity model. A more nuanced explanation of leadership communication as related to solidarity is discussed.

The ICQI and the Rise of Autoethnography

In this article, we trace the rise of autoethnography from its modest beginning as a form of indigenous ethnography through its inception as a mode of resistance to conventional ethnographic writing practices and silent authorship to its introduction as a narrative identity and covering term. Autoethnography has become a genus for many diverse species of first-person, vulnerable writing that calls attention to subjectivity, emotionality, and contingency and brings readers into “feeling” contact with the suffering of others. We emphasize the importance of the community spirit fostered by the first decade of the International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry, which embraced, promoted, and gave special attention to autoethnographic writing and performance, thereby strengthening the standing of autoethnography in the human sciences. The Congress provides a model of solidarity and a sense of shared values and purposes emblematic of meaningful communities.

CILINAYA: NASKAH SASAK BERNUANSA ISLAM

<p>Currently there is an indication of crisis of self-identity/national­<br />identity. This is remarked by blurred social solidarity, kinship, and so­<br />cial friendliness in line with reinforced materialism values. To re­<br />strenghten self-identity I national-identity, government and society try<br />to discover values in manuscripts. Manuscripts are past cultural trea­<br />sures that full of noble values. This research aimed to discover and to<br />re-actualize noble values in a manuscript as an improvement and <br />strengthen model of social solidarity, kinship and social friendliness<br />values that tend to blur.</p><p>This research examined a manuscript entitled Cilinaya. This manu­<br />script is a Sasak's Islamic manuscript stored in West Nusa Tenggara<br />Museum. The aim of current research are to discover Islamic thoughts<br />in Sasak 's manuscript expected to contain noble values as a source of<br />improvement and strengthening social solidarity, kinship and social<br />friendliness that currently are blurring. The research used philology<br />approach and content analysis with Roland Barthes' semiotic<br />postructural method to discover cultural codes in this literature work.</p><p>The results showed that (I) Cilinaya manuscript of such palm leaves<br />is one of Sasak's syncretism Islamic literature works. It contents Is­<br />lamic and Hinduism substances as well as local custom. (2) Islamic<br />substances in Cilinaya manuscript are oneness and morals. Oneness<br />related to oneness of God (Allah), while morals related to human being<br />interrelationship. This moral aspect regulated moral ethics and behav­<br />ioral rules in their society life. ( 3) Hinduism and custom aspects in this <br />manuscript covered different human being classes based on caste and<br />presenting offerings to God and considered God as a point to asking<br />and prayerful for help.</p>

Generational Solidarity in Europe and Israel.

This study explored various dimensions of generational relationships between older parents and their adult children using the second wave of SHARE (Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe), comparing it to Dykstra's and Fokkema's (2011) analyses of the first wave. Results were further compared to the OASIS study (Old Age and Autonomy: The Role of Service Systems and Intergenerational Solidarity). The intergenerational solidarity model served as the main conceptual framework. Analyses yielded four family relationship types present in all countries, albeit with different frequencies. Around half of the respondents in the 11 countries were identified with close ties and flow of support. Four conclusions were drawn: (1) importance of personal resources; (2) cultural differences and meanings for families; (3) highlighting within-country difference; and (4) strength of intergenerational solidarity. The importance of understanding generational relationships in the current era with higher longevity and changing family structures is emphasized and explicated.

Where does group solidarity come from? Gellner and Ibn Khaldun revisited

Gellner relied extensively on the work of Ibn Khaldun to understand both the dynamics of social order in North Africa and Islam’s alleged resistance to secularization. However, what the two scholars also shared is their focus on the social origins and functions of group solidarity. For Ibn Khaldun the concept of asabiyyah was central in understanding the strength of long-term group loyalties. In his view, asabiyyah was a fundamental and elementary cohesive bond of human societies which originated in nomadic tribal structures and retained significance in the early formation of complex states and empires. For Gellner, the shape and character of group solidarity is heavily dependent on the economic foundations of a particular social order: foragers require small group bonds for mere survival, the agrarian universe stratifies solidarity and utilizes cultural bonds to differentiate between the ruling aristocrats and the plough-tied serfs, whereas the industrial world generates solidarity from incessant economic growth and state-induced, cross-class, national identifications. Thus, for Gellner, solidarity remains the central force that keeps social orders together. This paper provides a critical analysis of the Khaldunian and Gellnerian models of group solidarity and offers an alternative interpretation that places the social impact of micro-solidarity in the long-term development of ideological and coercive forms of social organization.

Michael Young, the Institute of Community Studies, and the Politics of Kinship.

This article examines the East London-based Institute of Community Studies, and its founder, Michael Young, to show that sociology and social research offered avenues for left-wing political expression in the 1950s. Young, who had previously been Head of the Labour Party Research Department during the Attlee government, drew upon existing currents of psychological and sociological research to emphasize the continuing relevance of the extended family in industrial society and to offer a model of socialist citizenship, solidarity and mutual support not tied to productive work. Young and his colleagues at the Institute of Community Studies promoted the supportive kinship networks of the urban working class, and an idealized conception of the relationships between women, to suggest that family had been overlooked by the left and should be reclaimed as a progressive force. The article shows that the Institute's sociological work was informed by a pre-existing concern with family as a model for cooperative socialism, and suggests that sociology and social research should be seen as important sources of political commentary for scholars of post-war politics.

Vaikaičių vertybių sistemos, susiformavusios iš bendravimo su seneliais patirties, ypatumai: kokybinė analizė

The article analyzes the grandchildren's values through interaction with their grandparent's experience, focusing on communication between generations. Developmental psychologists argue that socially and psychologically safe family environment is the basis for personal development (South, Krueger, Johnson, Iacono, 2008). In Lithuania, studies on peculiarities of grandparents' and grandchildren' relationship are very rare, therefore, we focused on grandchildren, who are approaching adulthood and communication experience with their grandparents might affect the value system of grandchildren. The aim of the study was to highlight grandchildren's values, which are revealed through communicating with grandparents. The qualitative study involved twelve 11–12 form students who were interviewed by the authors using a semi-structured interview. Grandchildren's values were analyzed according to M. Rokeach (1973) values system and within generation solidarity model. Content analysis demonstrated that grandchildren, through communication with their grandparents, had gained broad experience and rich system of values. These values include associational solidarity (telling the truth, honesty, openness, honesty, trust, sociability, gaiety), consensual solidarity (wisdom, freedom of compliance), normative solidarity (psychological and physical well-being, spiritual peace, work, education, life goals, diligence, responsibility), functional solidarity (help, advice, care, kindness, caring for other people's well-being) ir affectual solidarity (family, love, respect, understanding, support, persistence). In the future research it is advisable to study representatives of other generations (parents, grandparents) in order to expand the knowledge of value transition between them.

The Amazon Rural Economy and the Social Way Cooperative

This study is an analysis of the theme of Brazilian Social Economy in the field of sociology of work. It presents the cooperativism like a solidarity model of social economy with emphasis to the work’s cooperatives. Discusses the ontology of the work as a source of social being in which the worker of today that creates and recreates them as construct in the context of survival strategy. It is a more extensive research carried out at the Federal University of Amazonas and presents a lot of results. The search’s field is was conducted in the Village called Nossa Senhora de Aparecida, localized in district of Coari, localized in Amazon State-Brazil, with workers of a rural cooperative that produces food to be purchased by public authorities of the District. Among the findings it is clear that the rural workers of the Amazon are capable of remake their way survival through the solidarity economy, even if under the nexus of capitalists relations. It Can say, finally, that the Social Economy presents itself as an economic activity promising and capable of responding to social development and environmentally sustainable. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n14p52

Reciprocal Solidarity: Where the Black and Palestinian Queer Struggles Meet

In this article, two queer men, one Black American and the other Palestinian, theorize “reciprocal solidarity” as a model of solidarity that thrives on love, friendship, storytelling, reciprocity, shared experiences, struggles, and queer kinship.

How Does Emotional Solidarity Factor into Visitor Spending among Birders in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas?

While most work focusing on emotional solidarity has examined its antecedents, this work highlights outcomes of the construct in the form of visitor expenditures among nature tourists. During the peak tourist season for birders and other outdoor enthusiasts in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of South Texas, on-site survey data were collected from individuals visiting key nature tourist attractions. In examining the relationship between emotional solidarity and visitor expenditures, results revealed that five of the eight multiple regression models were significant. Of the three Emotional Solidarity Scale (ESS) factors used to predict expenditures, feeling welcomed explained the most variance. This work provides continued support for extending Durkheim’s model of emotional solidarity by including expenditures as an outcome of the construct.

“This Isn’t Your Battle or Your Land”: The Native American Occupation of Alcatraz in the Asian-American Political Imagination

This article assembles a historical narrative about the Asian-American presence at the Native American occupation of Alcatraz in the earlly 1970s by examining three sources: a series of contemporary articles from the newspaper Gidra , Shawn Wong’s novel Homebase (1979), and Karen Tei Yamashita’s novel I Hotel (2010). In contextualizing this moment within the larger history of cross-racial coalitional politics during the 1960s and 1970s, this paper illustrate how minority nationalisms of the time emerged in “mimetic dynamism”: a process of contiguous interchange that changes the conditions by which it exists. This paper focuses on the Asian-American appropriation of the concept “self-determination” and its relation to land occupation.

Democratic solidarity: Rethinking democracy promotion in the New Middle East

This article aims to temper the cross-disciplinary enthusiasm for democracy-promotion programs in the light of the recent anti-authoritarian upheavals in the Middle East. It offers a wide-ranging critique of mainstream instrumentalist arguments (i.e. that democracy leads to peace, development, and justice), which are hampered by universalist generalizations about democratic government – in other words, by a tendency to separate democratic values and institutions from their orientation within particular political and historical contexts. In the place of such arguments, it offers an alternative model of democratic solidarity premised on the belief that the social construction of democratic norms – and especially the reflective processes that mediate their internalization – has a direct bearing on the legitimacy of political forms and decisions. Through a detailed analysis of the trials and tribulations of US democracy-promotion programs in the Arab and Muslim world, it further argues that the provision of any outside assistance to democratic transitions in the Middle East will need to involve the twin tasks of understanding the quite complex and contextual struggle for rights and freedoms in each particular society, and providing the necessary space and resources for achieving democratic legitimacy.

Social responses to collective crime: Assessing the relationship between crime-related fears and collective sentiments

The literature on the effects of fear of crime has investigated a number of the nuances of this phenomenon; however, how the fear of different types of crime influences communities has yet to be investigated. We hypothesize that the fear–decline model, which argues fear leads to a decrease in solidarity, applies to ‘routine’ street crimes; however, fearing crimes that attack the collective, such as school shootings, will increase community solidarity. Using two datasets collected in Finnish communities after they experienced tragic school shootings, our results indicate that the fear–decline model receives strong support but the fear–solidarity model does not.

ICT's impact on family solidarity and upward mobility in translocal China

Information communication technologies (ICTs) create new channels and repertoires for mediated communication among parents and their children in mobile locations, thus playing a special role in reinvigorating intergenerational family solidarity in contemporary translocal China. For China's rapid, uneven economic development since 1978, social mobility has been fast growing and many family members are separated into different locations for seeking upward mobility as reciprocal aspirations. Some cases of translocal Chinese, studying, working, and living apart from their elderly parents were studied to investigate ICT's impact on family solidarity within the new dynamics of more symbolic and symmetrical family obligations and interactions. Their demonstrations of redefined sociability and intergenerational relationships via connected presence provide a promising new direction for social support and knowledge exchanges in translocal China with a special attention to the multifacets of mobilities and localities in the lives of the contemporary Chinese. A new model of family solidarity is proposed by the proper use of ICTs as new channels for intergenerational communication to supplement but not to replace the traditional ways of ‘togetherness’ by face-to-face interaction among the elderly Chinese parents and their adult children in remote locations. And this is deployed to reinvigorate parent–child relationships of the ‘relational families’ characterized by ‘autonomy of the generations’ in a balance of individualism and collectivism for seeking upward mobility and social cohesion in order to partly solve the social pressure of aging population and rural–urban divide, especially under the special conditions of China's one-child policy and jumping scale of economic development.

‘Asylum shopping’ in the neoliberal social imaginary

This article critically explores the construction and discursive role of ‘asylum shopping’ in the cultural politics of asylum in the UK. Despite the unusual combination of a concept predominantly associated with consumerism with one largely associated with human rights or sanctuary, the expression ‘asylum shopping’ has featured in the mainstream news media and political discourse surrounding asylum and refugee issues since the early 1990s. Drawing upon cultural studies theory, post-Marxist discourse theory and critical discourse analysis, the article argues that the naturalisation of this term has been conditioned by the operation of powerful logics underpinning fundamental insecurities in the identity of the national and neoliberal subject – logics associated with Britain’s postcoloniality on the one hand and its neoliberal modernity on the other. While the erosion of collective models of solidarity in favour of entrepreneurialism of the self have provided conditions of possibility for an overwhelmingly negative asylum discourse, outrage at asylum seekers’ perceived agency and choice of destination encoded in the notion of ‘asylum shopping’ have been indexed to nostalgic longings for a more secure national or social identity, as well as deep-seated fears and uncertainties about future prospects in the neoliberal subject.

How to reform Korean Public Pension System?: An Approach Based on a Social Solidarity Model and Demographic Analyses

How to reform Korean Public Pension System?: An Approach Based on a Social Solidarity Model and Demographic Analyses

Intergenerational Family Relations in Luxembourg

According to the intergenerational solidarity model, family members who share similar values about family obligations should have a closer relationship and support each other more than families with a lower value consensus. The present study first describes similarities and differences between two family generations (mothers and daughters) with respect to their adherence to family values and, second, examines patterns of relations between intergenerational consensus on family values, affectual solidarity, and functional solidarity in a sample of 51 mother-daughter dyads comprising N = 102 participants from Luxembourgish and Portuguese immigrant families living in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Results showed a small generation gap in values of hierarchical gender roles, but an acculturation gap was found in Portuguese mother-daughter dyads regarding obligations toward the family. A higher mother-daughter value consensus was related to higher affectual solidarity of daughters toward their mothers but not vice versa. Whereas affection and value consensus both predicted support provided by daughters to their mothers, affection mediated the relationship between consensual solidarity and received maternal support. With regard to mothers, only affection predicted provided support for daughters, whereas mothers’ perception of received support from their daughters was predicted by value consensus and, in the case of Luxembourgish mothers, by affection toward daughters.