Solid Waste Processing Facility Research Articles

Techno-commercial Assessment of Concurrent Municipal Brown Field Reclamation Procedures: A Pivotal Case study of Jawahar Nagar Dump Site

Techno-commercial Assessment of Concurrent Municipal Brown Field Reclamation Procedures: A Pivotal Case study of Jawahar Nagar Dump Site

Design of 3R solid waste processing facility (TPS 3R) in Tanjung Village as the development of municipal solid waste management facilities in North Lombok Regency

Municipal solid waste management in Tanjung Village that has not been fully served has caused the village sanitation level to deteriorate and triggered health problems, especially Dengue Fever in the rainy season. This research is expected to be able to correct the problem as a fulfillment of various government policies. This study aims to determine the percentage of areas covered. Units in the TPS 3R are based on the composition and characteristics of the waste and available land area; calculate the value of mass balance and total percentage recovery of TPS 3R. Waste generation and composition were analyzed according to SNI 19-3964-1994, while the characteristics were tested using proximate and ultimate analysis. The percentage of the area served is 36.02%. Units in TPS 3R, namely receiving and sorting location; chopping and drying of the organic waste area; active waste composting area; maturation area; sifting and compost packing area; compost warehouse; waste warehouse stall; office; parking lot; equipment warehouse; and leachate holding area with total land needed 2 347.26 m2. Mass balance shows that managed waste is 753.08 kg/day, wet waste recovered is 416.57 kg/day, dry waste recovered is 141.25 kg/day, and residual waste goes to landfill 195.27 kg/day that the total percentage of recovery is 74.07%.

Potential for the regional energy supply system optimization through recycling waste into energy

The use of renewable energy sources is becoming a general trend for optimizing energy supply and achieving low-carbon development goals in various regions of the world. In Russia, in connection with the introduction and implementation of government support measures for solar, wind, bioenergy, starting in 2013, a large-scale introduction of energy-generating facilities began. This factor, as well as the need to solve the problem of recycling waste from the municipal sector, agriculture and forestry, makes it necessary to use local renewable energy resources, including waste. This approach helps to optimize the regional energy system, even if they are grid connected. The paper discusses the methods and potential for optimizing energy supply in the regions of southern Russia, which has a high population density, a significant deficit in energy balance, and problems in the field of solid waste processing. The basis for this work is the use of municipal sector waste as an energy resource, with an assessment of the economic and environmental efficiency of this process. The use of geoinformation technologies provides a spatial analysis of the resource potential, a comparative analysis of the distribution of energy production and consumption within the region, as well as helps to assess the availability of territories for the optimal placement of solid municipal waste processing facilities.

Determination of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols in municipal solid-waste processing facilities of Tehran.

The concentration and distribution characteristics of airborne bacteria and fungi were assessed at municipal solid-waste processing and disposal facilities (SWPDFs) of Tehran (Arad Kouh Site). Air samples were obtained from the indoor air of a laboratory and refectory as well as from the air surrounding a conveyor belt, rotary screen, and bailer. Sampling was conducted according to the standard procedure to determine two bacterial species (Klebsiella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus), total bacteria and fungi, and Aspergillus fumigates. The maximum concentration of Staphylococcus aureus was in the air surrounding the conveyer belt with the average of 993.2CFU/m3. The highest concentrations of total fungi (4958.8CFU/m3) and Aspergillus fumigates (2114CFU/m3) were measured in the air surrounding the rotary screen. The mean concentrations of bacterial bioaerosols in a more contaminated sampling location in summer and winter were 1687.6 and 1479.4CFU/m3, respectively. There were significant differences between the concentration of bioaerosols in cold and warm seasons. The concentrations of bioaerosols in the air surrounding the rotary screen and conveyer belt were significantly more than those in other sampling locations, but were within the recommended maximum of 103 and 104 CFU/m3.

Particle size analysis of municipal solid waste for treatment process modeling.

Several unit operations used in municipal solid waste (MSW) processing facilities are based on physical properties of the waste materials, such as particle size, density and shape. Reliable expressions describing particle size distribution (PSD) of the different waste components present in MSW are not readily available in the context of process modeling. In this study, the characterization data for household wastes and construction and demolition (C&D) wastes were analysed with the purpose of selecting the most representative PSD expression for these waste streams. The Rosin-Rammler distribution was identified over the log-normal and the gamma distributions as the best-fitting PSD for the waste samples. This was demonstrated for both raw and processed waste samples. Parameters were derived and validated for every category of MSW materials considered in the characterization. A model for mixed household waste PSD was developed based on the summation of Rosin-Rammler expressions corresponding to each category of waste materials, as the composition was determined to be the main factor influencing particle size. A simplified model was also derived for mixed waste as a bimodal distribution since two main modes were observed in household waste - one for the "organic" fraction and one for the "inorganic" fraction.

TOTAL QUALITY ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Framed by Total Quality Management Principles derived from the ISO 9001:2000 standard, The Total Quality Zero Waste Management System is macro research managing (4) four micro researches using Principle of Total Quality Management. The entire researches sought to address the solid waste in Misamis Oriental General Comprehensive High School. The system begins with (Lorejo et al) entitled Micro-Segregation System: Redesigning Traditional Garbage Bins for Specificity, Purpose and Functionality. It aimed to restructure the traditional paradigm of waste segregation bins and its design. The next phase was on micro waste processing system. Each bins and type of waste were distributed to different solid waste processing facilities. The paper type (paper and paper cups) is framed by the research of (Permites et al) entitled Paper Type Waste Treatment Facility: Processing Paper Type Waste in MOGCHS to other Potential Outcomes. Similar to this is the study of (Lim et al) Leaves and Perishable Waste Treatment Facility: Processing leaves and Perishable Waste in MOGCHS for Composting Organic Fertilizer. Another researches from (Ranalan et al) entitled Endothermic Construction material made from recycled plastic bottles fused with ethylene Glycol. These sub researches are managed by this main research Total Quality Zero Waste Management System. The study sought to answer the following questions 1.What is the evaluation of degree of application of each Total Quality Management Principles derived from the ISO 9001:2000 standard in the project management of the Total Quality Zero Waste Management System 2. What is the evaluation of the sub researchers toward the head researchers application and use of Total Quality Management Principles derived from the ISO 9001:2000 standard. The study found out that the principles in Total Quality Management was an effective management model as used in project management and delivery. Specifically, the researches met and tried to go beyond the standard set by Local Ordinance No. 13130-2016 is in line with Section 166 of Republic Act 9003, the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. Leadership demands were carried out through weekly meeting. During these times purpose, direction and other content that needs to be communicated were delivered. Students and teachers were involved in the project. They were also oriented on the project and how they can participate and make contribution for the success of the project. PDCA (PLAN, DO, CHECK and ACT) tool kit was used in the study. Total Quality Zero Waste Management System follows a system approach. Each different research is a part of the whole which is this research. Each research is i ndependent from other research, however there is a consequential connection between each research to the other. The results of the research of each researcher influence the other research. Total Quality Zero Waste Management System has a bottom up feedback/evaluation mechanism. This research and each researches made use of statistical procedure to evaluate the implementation of the program, the innovation and the facility. Descriptive statistics, percentage, frequency and frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation were used in the study. All of these statistical results were used to evaluate and present the project, and the processes within the project. The statistical results were also used as basis for future improvements. In some cases, immediate but minor augmentation and corrective procedure of the facility, program and processes within the project to ensure quality implementation and delivery of the system. Communicating a shared value of quality to the suppliers of the facilities, the users of the facilities and the contributors of the project was one of the most challenging endeavor that this research encountered. It was already a challenge imparting and owning that shared value of quality amongst researchers, much more sharing, communicating, imparting and owning that value to others. It is recommended to use Total Quality Management Principles as framework for the development and delivery of a project. It is recommended that each institution, private or government, local or national to adopt and implement the Total Quality Zero Waste Management System with its corresponding facility.

Penyiapan Pondasi dan Lantai Bangunan Utama Pengolahan Sampah di Dukuh Ngipikrejo II, Desa Banjararum, Kabupaten Kulonprogo

Banjararum village does not have solid waste processing facility (“tempat pengolahan sampah” atau TPS) yet. The community service activity program aims to design TPS area site plan, TPS building (especially foundation and floor), and carry out the construction work. The building is located at village property site and includes area of 1000 m2. The work activities include location survey, surveying, site plan preparation, review and finalizing of site plan by team and village government partner, land clearing, bouwplank fixing, cut work, foundation construction, soil filling for floor levelling, construction of other building elements (column, wall, roof), tile fixing, and reporting. Technical data are consisted: floor area by dimension of 11´6 m, three maturity pools by dimension 3.5´4 m per pool, continuous river stone foundation (by dimension of height, base width, and top width of 0,6´0,6´0,3 m) and a layer beneath foundation made by river sands and stones. Village government partner assists team work through labor and material procurement and carry out daily supervising.

Impacts of seasonal variation and operating parameters on double-stage trommel performance

The high-level objective of this research was to quantify and assess impact of uncertainties of trommel screening with respect to feed-rate variation, clogging of screen apertures, and seasonal variation in waste characteristics, including particle size distribution (PSD) and composition using full-scale trials. A two-stage trommel screen which is operated at a municipal solid waste processing facility located in a cold region (Edmonton, Canada) was evaluated. The waste processed was co-mingled refuse with the recyclable material removed. The variation of size separation mass balance and recovery with respect to total and overs loading feed rate, season and operation time were monitored. The characteristics of the feedstock and separated waste streams were determined by sieve and compositional analyses. Separation and recovery results verified that the performance of the first stage where <5 cm of organic-rich waste was screened out, varied seasonally. Further, a strong linear correlation was obtained between recovery results and corresponding overs loading rate that varied between seasons. This correlation also varied within operation cycle during the winter trials due to clogging of screens. An equation is proposed to quantify clogging formation according to operation uptime and feed rate. Waste characterization results indicated the waste generated in the winter, spring, and summer had three distinct PSDs, especially the compostable fraction, contributing to the seasonality in trommel performance. In contrast, the PSD of the combustible fraction remained consistent in all seasons. This research successfully quantified the impact of uncertainties of full trommel operations in different seasons and during the operation cycle.

Influence of Feeding Speed on Gas Flow Acceleration Classification and Drying for Filter Cake Treatment

As solid waste processing facilities deal with increasing amount in combination with enhanced environmental pressures, gas flow acceleration classification and drying is becoming one of the promising methods for filter cake treatment. The influence of feeding speed on gas flow acceleration classification and drying for filter cake treatment was investigated in terms of classification efficiency, purity and recovery proportion. The optimal feeding speed was 0.8 kg/h was the optimum feeding speed; at the same time, the diatomite recovery proportion was 41.7%.The present study could also provide an experimental basis for optimizing filter cake treatment process.

Bio-Treatment of Organic Leachate and Domestic Wastewater, Using Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

Leachate, a semi-solid excruciatingly concentrated waste stream is an unavoidable potential threat which attributes additional burden to the municipal solid waste (MSW) processing and disposal (P&D) facilities. Safe handling, proper treatment, and eco-friendly disposal of leachate posses a challenge due to the elevated concentration of several objectionable parameters. Ancillarilly, sanitary sewerage systems serve only a low percentage of the national population and in non-sewer areas, more than 80% of the black and grey water including human excreta and other fecal matter ends up in septic tanks. Therefore, the present study tried to produce a wholesome remedy jointly to the sanitation and leachate management issues using the biological treatment mechanism. Experimental studies have been carried out to treat the combined effluent of MSW leachate and domestic wastewater in different ratios using up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. The result revealed that the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiencies using domestic wastewater and MSW leachate as a substrate were about 84 and 86%, respectively with Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 12h. Whereas, the COD removal efficiency of the combined effluent of domestic wastewater and MSW leachate at various proportions (70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70) was about 90%.

Accommodation of Interests of the State, Business and Civil Society in Environmental Projects Implemented Through Public Private Partnership in the Russian Federation

Environmental projects have a number of distinctive features, among them an increased capital/output ratio, relatively high risks, lengthy payback periods, and outcomes that are hard to evaluate using financial indicators. Public private partnership (PPP) appears to be a viable approach for the implementation of such projects; however, existing mechanisms for the accommodation of long-term interest of the state, business and civil society are inadequate to ensure their success. In this context, the author presents an algorithm of multi-criteria analysis to evaluate the social efficiency of PPP-based environmental projects, which takes into account the impact of both financial and non-financial outcomes and includes crowdsourcing public opinion into the final decision-making process. Special priority is given to the assessment of multiplicative effects, as their role and impact on the feasibility of investment are often underestimated. The author’s conclusions and recommendations are illustrated using the case study of a construction project for a municipal solid waste processing facility.&#x0D; &#x0D; Full text available at: https://doi.org/10.22215/rera.v11i2.1191

Optimized anaerobic-aerobic sequential system for the treatment of food waste and wastewater

Considering that modern wastewater and solid waste processing facilities seek efficient energy recovery methods, this study investigates anaerobic-aerobic sequential systems for combined treatment of raw wastewater with food waste. The optimum loading rate was found to be 1.6mgVSL−1d−1 resulting in a stable operation of the anaerobic compartment. Yet, the increase in ammonia concentration resulted in gradual accumulation of VFA, until reaching a tipping point of 3000mgL−1 beyond which an abrupt increase in VFA to above 6000mgL−1 was observed, with acute stability loss and performance deterioration. The aerobic system was modeled using computational fluid dynamics methods. Optimum performance was achieved at an average strain rate magnitude of 12.7s−1 yielding a DO concentration of 4mgL−1 which have resulted in 74% conversion of ammonia nitrogen. Under optimum conditions, the studied AASS yielded high total removal rates of 93% VS and 94% COD, with a high specific methane yield of 845LkgVS−1 and a CO2-to-CH4 ratio of 0.63.

Virus Occupational Exposure in Solid Waste Processing Facilities

It is well known that workers involved in the management of solid waste are at risk of exposure to bioaerosol, which is generally studied in relation to bacteria, fungi, and endotoxins. However, to date, there have been no reports on the incidence of work-related infectious diseases. To determine if occupational exposure to viruses occurs upon exposure to waste-related activities, monitoring was carried out in a landfill, a waste recycling plant, an incineration plant, and a waste collection vehicles. Air and surfaces were sampled and analyzed for torque teno virus (TTV), human adenovirus (HAdV), norovirus, rotavirus, and enterovirus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques. Positivity was confirmed by sequencing and quantification with real-time PCR; infectivity was also tested for culturable viruses. Samples were analyzed in parallel for mean total bacterial and fungi counts in both the summer and winter. In total, 30% (12/40) of air and 13.5% (5/37) of surface samples collected in plants were positive for HAdV and TTV. Among the eight HAdV-positive samples, six (75%), revealed in landfill and recycling plant air and in incinerator and waste vehicles surfaces, were able to replicate in cell culture and were subsequently confirmed as infective. The frequency of detection of virus-positive samples was similar in both seasons, but with evident differences in the type of virus detected: TTV and HAdV were more frequently detected in the summer and winter, respectively. The area of highest viral contamination was the paper selection landfill. Fungi and bacterial contamination did not correlate with viral presence or concentration. In conclusion, we evidence that working with solid and liquid waste can lead to infectious viruses, included in Group 2 of the European Directive 90/679/CEE pathogens list; thus, further investigation on the sources and routes of contamination is needed in order to assess the occupational risk.

Quandary for Solid Waste Facility Planning: Now Waste Flow Control

Abstract Successfully developing solid waste processing facilities—landfills, materials recovery facilities (MRFs), and transfer stations-has long posed great challenges to planners because of NIMBY-related concerns, such as fear over the perceived negative economic and environmental impacts of waste processing activities. Against this backdrop, the US. Supreme Court and the lower federal courts have added an additional obstacle: the invalidation of so-called solid waste “flow control” laws.

5407817 Municipal solid waste processing facility and commercial ethanol production process : Lightsey George R; Chieffalo Rodge Starkville, MS, United States Assigned to Controlled Environmental Systems Corporation

5407817 Municipal solid waste processing facility and commercial ethanol production process : Lightsey George R; Chieffalo Rodge Starkville, MS, United States Assigned to Controlled Environmental Systems Corporation

5506123 Municipal solid waste processing facility and commercial lactic acid production process

5506123 Municipal solid waste processing facility and commercial lactic acid production process

5407817 Municipal solid waste processing facility and commercial ethanol production process : Lightsey George R; Chieffalo Rodge Starkville, MS, United States Assigned to Controlled Environmental Systems Corporation

5407817 Municipal solid waste processing facility and commercial ethanol production process : Lightsey George R; Chieffalo Rodge Starkville, MS, United States Assigned to Controlled Environmental Systems Corporation

Electricity from solid waste at Lakeland, Florida

The City of Lakeland, Florida, Department of Electric and Water Utilities owns and operates a municipal electric utility system to generate and distribute electric power. The Utility serves over 60,000 customers in a 260 square mile service area. It is one of the first pioneers of burning municipal solid waste (MSW) as a supplemental fuel to generate electric power in the U.S.A. A 364 MW steam turbine generating unit was designed to fire eastern bituminous coal and a combination of pulverized coal and 10% processed MSW. This paper describes the solid waste processing facility, the problems encountered during the first year of operation and the economics of burning MSW in a large electric utility boiler.

Electricity From Solid Waste At Lakeland, Florida

The City of Lakeland, Florida, Department of Electric and Water Utilities owns and operates a municipal electric utility system to generate and distribute electric power. The Utility serves over 60,000 customers in a 260 square mile service area. It is one of the first pioneers of burning municipal solid waste (MSW) as a supplemental fuel to generate electric power in the U.S.A. A 364 MW steam turbine generating unit was designed to fire eastern bituminous coal and a combination of pulverized coal and 10% processed MSW. This paper describes the solid waste processing facility, the problems encountered during the first year of operation and the economics of burning MSW in a large electric utility boiler.

Determining the optimum number of receiving bays for a solid waste facility

Two levels of refinement for determining the optimum number of receiving bays within a solid waste processing facility are presented. The first level of refinement involves analysis of truck arrival patterns on a daily basis, while the second level of refinement presents an example of the analysis essentially applied to the arrival pattern within a single day. The methods presented are not statistically rigorous but they can readily be applied to the problems with a minimum of mathematical grounding.