Solid Waste Management Strategies Research Articles

To dream or not to dream in Havana: multi-criteria decision-making for material and energy recovery from municipalsolid wastes.

Currently, solid waste management strategies in Havana are outdated. This paper aimed to select the most suitable alternative for integrating material recovery facilities (MRF) with waste-to-energy technologies in the city of Havana, Cuba. Seven scenarios were considered: combustion, gasification, and hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) with and without carbon capture, and anaerobic digestion (AD). The selection was based on environmental, techno-economic, and social parameters using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as a multi-criteria decision-making tool (MCDM). The MCDM-AHP accounted for qualitative criteria (based on experts' judgments) and quantitative (based on Aspen Plus simulation models). From the MRF, 63% of the input recyclable materials were recovered, representing an energy saving of 256 kW-h/tMSW. The AHP results showed that environmental criteria had the highest priority, resulting in ~63% and ~73% higher than social and techno-economic criteria, respectively. Likewise, from the techno-economic, environmental, and social sub-criteria analysis, investment risk, pollution, and work safety had the major concern compared with the other sub-criteria levels. Overall, MRF+AD was the most suitable scenario (21% preference) for treating Havana's municipal solid waste (MSW), followed by combustion and gasification with carbon capture, respectively. This study confirms that AD is a preference option for emerging economies like Cuba, mainly due to low environmental pollution, high social acceptance, and financial stability in the long term.

The strength and environmental performance of asphalt mixtures with recycled concrete aggregates

Recycling of concrete aggregates in asphalt pavement surfacing is a viable solid waste management strategy. This study evaluated the strength and environmental performance of asphalt mixtures containing different proportions of Recycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) for road pavement surfacing. Laboratory experiments and environmental life cycle assessment were conducted for different asphalt mixtures. The mixture was evaluated based on their stability/Global Warming Potential (GWP), resilient modulus/GWP, and Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS)/GWP ratios. The mixture containing 40% coarse RCA was judged to be the most efficient based on its highest resilient modulus/GWP and ITS/GWP ratios of 108.30 MPa/kg CO2 eq and 11.75 kPa/kg CO2 eq, respectively. These values are about 9% and 4% higher than the control values for the two indicators, respectively. The study recommended 40% partial replacement of granite with RCA in Stone Mastic Asphalt for optimum strength and environmental impact.

Critical review on technological advancements for effective waste management of municipal solid waste — Updates and way forward

Rise in industrialization and urbanization has resulted in problems like uprising energy demand, voluminous waste generation, and environmental effects. As a consequence, implementing an efficient solid waste management strategy is gaining momentum. The urgency becomes more evident as out of 17 Sustainable Development Goals majority of goals and their targets have a direct link to solid waste management. Public awareness is essential for proper waste management as well as social and demographic issues. The present review intends to expand the literature about recent technological advancements in the area of minimizing waste content and electricity generation. It also covers the conversion of energy from waste with the help of techniques like incineration, gasification, plasma gasification, co-gasification, composting, vermicomposting, co-composting, anaerobic digestion, and co-digestion. These techniques are utilized to convert municipal solid waste into a suitable source for renewed energy that produces heat and electricity and other byproducts in risk-free and environmentally friendly way(s). More precisely, this paper focuses on the enhanced generation of biogas. This review also highlights challenges, knowledge gaps, and future research direction(s).

Household Solid Waste Management Strategy in Danau Teluk Sub-District, Jambi City

Danau Teluk Sub-District is one of the sub-districts in Jambi City. The waste production produced by Danau Teluk Sub-District based on DLH Jambi City data in 2020 reached 8,793.99 kg/day with a population of 12,563 people. In Danau Teluk Sub-District, the production of managed waste reached 71.05% and unmanaged waste reached 28.95%. Compared to other sub-districts, the percentage of managed waste is the lowest and the percentage of unmanaged waste is the highest. This research is conducted on influencing factors using distribution frequency and multiple linear regression, community and government involvement using distribution frequency and chi-square, and determining strategic priorities in household solid waste management using SWOT. Based on the results of the study, there are two factors that influence the management of household solid waste, namely behaviour and knowledge of local regulations, there are two factors that relate to the management of household solid waste, namely implementation and supervision, then the strategic are to carry out waste reduction starting from the source by reducing the use of goods that produce waste and providing data on waste management that is easily accessible to the public such as through social media, websites, television advertisements, bulletin boards, etc.

A state-of-the-art review on spent coffee ground (SCG) pyrolysis for future biorefinery

Coffee is a globally consumed beverage that produces a substantial amount of valuable organic waste known as spent coffee grounds (SCG). Although SCG is a non-edible biomass, research initiatives focused on valorizing/utilizing its organic content, protecting the environment, and reducing the high oxygen demand required for its natural degradation. The integration with biorefinery in general and with pyrolysis process in specific is considerered the most successful solid waste management strategy of SCG that produce energy and high-value products. This paper aims at providing a quantitative analysis and discussion of research work done over the last 20 years on SCG as a feedstock in the circular bioeconomy (CBE). Management stratigies of SCG have been thoroughly reviewed and pyrolysis process has been explored as a novel technology in CBE. Results revealed that explored articles belong to Chemical, physical., biological and environmental science branches, with Energy & Fuels as the most reporting themes. Published works correlate SCG to renewable energy, biofuel, and bio-oil, with pyrolysis as a potential valorization approach. Literature review showed that only one study focused on the pyrolysis of defatted spent coffee grounds (DSCG). The insightful conclusions of this paper could assist in proposing several paths to more economically valorization of SCG through biorefinery, where extracted oil can be converted to biofuels or value-added goods. It was highlighted the importance of focusing on the coupling of SCG with CBE as solid waste managment strategy.

Personal protective equipment (PPE) pollution associated with the COVID-19 pandemic along the coastline of Agadir, Morocco

The increasing use of personal protective equipment (PPE) as a sanitary measure against the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has become a significant source of many environmental risks. The majority of the governments enforce the use of PPE in public areas, such as beaches. Thus, the use and disposal of PPE have compromised most solid waste management strategies, ultimately leading to the occurrence of PPE polluting the marine environment. The present study aimed to monitor the PPE pollution associated with COVID-19 along the coastline of Agadir, Morocco. In parallel, the influence of the activities carried out in each sampled beach before and after the lockdown break was reported. Overall, a total number of 689 PPE items were identified, with a mean density of 1.13 × 10−5 PPE m−2 (0–1.21 × 10−4 PPE m−2). The majority of the PPE items found were face masks (96.81%), out of which 98.4% were surgical masks and 1.6% were reusable cloth masks. The most polluted sites were the beaches with recreational activities, followed by surfing, and fishing as the main activity. Importantly, PPE density increased significantly after lockdown measures. Additionally, the discarded PPE sampled in the supralittoral zone was higher than PPE recorded in the intertidal zone. This confirms that PPE items are driven by the beachgoers during their visit. PPE items are a source of microplastic and chemical pollutants, a substrate to invasive species colonization, and a potential threat of entanglement, ingestion, and/or infection among apex predators. In the specific case of Agadir beaches, significant efforts are required to work on the lack of environmental awareness and education. It is recommended to improve beach cleaning strategies and to penalize incorrect PPE disposal. Additional alternatives may be adopted, as the involvement of biodegradable materials in PPE manufacturing, recycling through pyrolysis, and encouraging reusable and washable masks.

Temporal and Spatial Distributions of Waste Facilities and Solid Waste Management Strategies in Rural and Urban Saskatchewan, Canada

Saskatchewan has the highest number of landfills per capita in Canada. Given the lower population density and the skewed spatial population distribution, comprehensive analysis of municipal solid waste management systems in Saskatchewan is inherently difficult. Most of the published waste studies however focus on city-level waste management, and there is a lack of literature with respect to the rural areas. In this study, landfills and transfer stations are examined temporally and spatially using Geographic Information System. Landfills and transfer stations from 2017 and 2020 were plotted against census division land area, annual budget, and population density to study temporal changes. Saskatchewan witnessed a 54% reduction in the number of landfills and a 55% increase in number of transfer stations between 2017 and 2020. The replacement of landfills with transfer stations are more noticeable in divisions 8, 9, and 16. Regression analysis is conducted, and landfill closure operation show no obvious correlation to division land area, annual budget, or population density. Rural division 18, representing Northern Saskatchewan, has approximately 45% of the land area in the province and has the lowest population density. The findings suggest different waste management strategies are required for urban and rural areas. The results of this study will help policy makers to better implement solid waste management strategies in urban and rural areas.

GIS and Multicriteria Decision Analysis for Landfill Site Selection in Edirne Province, Turkey

A sustainable solid waste management system planning is a complex and interdisciplinary subject, which requires considering technical, environmental, economic, and social factors. Landfills play an essential role in solid waste management strategies, and landfilling is an extensively accepted preference for the clearance of solid waste worldwide. Site selection of landfill facilities can be a considerable problem as all infrastructural projects can deteriorate the ecology of the site on which they are developed because of changing land uses, loss of habitats, and displacement of fauna. These effects are mainly specific for location and need to be evaluated on every example. Landfill site selection is related to certain factors and limitations defined by natural and artificial thresholds and/or legislation. Legal provisions may vary according to the country's policy and even to the provincial policies. In addition to these features of study zones or sites, landfill site selection methods may have different criteria and sub-criteria in identifying parameters. This paper aims to identify landfill site(s) multicriteria decision analysis depending on Edirne's environmentally sensitive areas by using the Geographic Information System (GIS) technique. Data of land use, geologic features, protected areas, natural and archeological sites, transportation network, hydrological data, soil suitability for agricultural activities, and land capability classes which have been acquired from the relevant public authorities were used to proposed model. Regional factors were identified and assessed according to the risk of contamination for environmental components such as natural resources, sensitive ecosystems, and unique habitats. The chosen criteria were graded in this context, and alternative landfill sites were proposed by applying GIS-based analysis. According to the analysis, the northern subprovince of the study area, Lalapasa, has the most appropriate landfill sites.

Investigation of integrated municipal solid waste management strategies for Oman: an assessment of waste diversion, electricity generation and greenhouse-gas emissions

The need of an integrated municipal solid waste (MSW) management system to maximize resource recovery and simultaneously reduce greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions is rising in Oman. Therefore, three waste management scenarios are proposed and assessed in this study based on their potential to reduce waste and GHG emissions, and recover energy and recyclables in Oman from 2020 to 2040. The first scenario included recycling, anaerobic digestion (AD), and landfill disposal; while second scenario entailed recycling, incineration, and ash disposal. The third scenario involved incineration and AD plants, and landfilling of residues. The analysis indicated that the disposal of waste in scenario 2 will be the lowest during the entire study period (30–24%), followed by scenario 3 (32–41%) and scenario 1 (94–58%). Moreover, during the assessment period, scenario 3 will generate a total of 47 TWh electricity, higher than scenario 2 (29 TWh) and scenario 1 (4.7 TWh). Disposal of MSW is estimated to produce 309,803 GgCO2e from 2020 to 2040; however, these emissions can be reduced by 53, 94 and 90% by the implementation of scenarios 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Furthermore, the average global warming factors after energy and material recovery further indicate that scenario 2 and scenario 3 result in net GHG emission savings of − 0.4 and – 0.28 GgCO2e/Gg of MSW, except for scenario 1 which will produce 2.37 GgCO2e/Gg of MSW. The analysis showed that in terms of reducing waste disposal and GHG emissions, scenario 2 is the best performing option; however, scenario 3 has the highest energy output.

Assessing solid waste management strategy in higher education institutions of Indonesia: A case study of IPB University

Globally, the solid waste management sector is facing numerous challenges. To encourage solid waste management IPB University launched the Green Campus program 2020. The critical success of this program was fulfilled by awareness with the participation of the family of IPB University. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between the awareness and respective practices’ in solid waste management, among IPB University students. The study employed a descriptive research design with (n=108) randomly selected students. Data were analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that the students are highly aware of solid waste management, and also the students have good practices in terms of proper reducing and reusing, but moderately proper segregation, recycling, and disposal practices. The level of awareness of the students is influenced by their practices in waste segregation, reduction, reuse, and recycling but not influenced by their practices in terms of disposal. The study also revealed that the most waste generated in University dormitories was plastic bags, leftovers food, tissue papers, and cans waste. Meaningful recommendations were suggested to raise awareness among students in proper segregation and disposal practices.

Towards a Framework for Sustainable Municipal Solid Waste Management: The Case of Swakopmund Municipality, Namibia

If municipal solid waste (MSW) is not properly managed, harmful environmental consequences are imminent. In many developed countries, MSW materials are hardly discarded but rather retained in the economic cycle through circular economy models. In many developing countries, MSW materials are discarded with little to no effort of repairing or recycling. Moving towards a circular economy substantially reduce waste volumes that are currently being disposed. The study provides an overview of how the current municipal solid waste management strategies being implemented by the Swakopmund Municipality could be shifted towards sustainability to derive environmental and socio-economic benefits from waste. Source reduction, separation at source and recycling, are some of the most effective strategies in the circular economy models that will help achieving the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Swakopmund Municipality should invest in infrastructure, techniques and programmes that are within circular economy model as an emerging system for sustainability.

Analysis of the quadrant strategy for household solid waste management (Case study: BUMDes Amarta, Pandowoharjo Village Sleman Yogyakarta)

BUMdes Amarta is a company owned by Pendowoharjo Village, where one of the businesses is household waste management. This study aimed to examine the service quality of the BUMdes to seek customer performance and the importance of household waste management and determine the further management development strategy. This research was conducted for three months in mid of 2020. The data were collected using a questionnaire of 30 household waste customers and analyzed using satisfaction level analysis and development strategy quadrant analysis with the importance-performance analysis method. The main variables analyzed include five aspects: tangible, empathy, responsiveness, reliability, and assurance. Most of the customers assessed that they were satisfied with the feasibility of the garbage transporting vehicle. The polite officers’ attitude when picking up the trash, informing the customer about the time to pick up the garbage, the certainty of the service schedule, the certainty of the cost of retribution, and the customer could trust the officer. Based on the level of conformity of expectations and performance, three attributes have poor performance: equipment for transporting garbage, uniform for officers, and safety and health equipment for transporters. The results based on quadrant analysis show that three attributes are the main priority: safety and health equipment for transport officers, officers’ willingness to provide information and consultation regarding waste, and officers’ readiness and responsiveness to respond to customer complaints.

EVALUATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AT THE FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, OWERRI (FUTO), IMO STATE OF NIGERIA

The main purpose of this work was to evaluate the waste management practices at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO). The research utilized library, observations and sample survey technique. Other related literatures were also reviewed. Questionnaires based on formulated hypotheses were also employed. Data gathered were analyzed using textual, diagrams (charts and graphs) and tabular forms of data presentation. Percentages and figures were also used to clarify the relationships between variables. Consequently, the findings gotten from the field shows that the kind of domestic solid wastes that is generated in the study area were majorly organic, paper, plastic, metal and textile wastes. About 72% of all the domestic solid wastes that is generated at the eateries in the study area were mainly organic wastes. The domestic solid waste management strategies in place were burning, open dumping and burying. Open dumping was found to be the most common domestic solid waste management strategy practiced in the study area. The key players involved in the management of solid wastes were the school management and individual households. This study shows that the method of waste management adopted in the study area does not conform to sustainable waste management strategy which results in environmental degradation and health risks. This implies that much attention has not been given to domestic solid waste management in the study area. The study therefore suggests that there is need to introduce solid waste management in the coursework of all the departments in the institution so that they could be informed on the need to maintain a clean and healthy environment. And more attention should be given to waste disposal management through adequate funding by providing the students and residents with properly designed waste disposal points in order to protect the environment from pollution.

Developing and validating an instrument of antecedents of solid waste management behaviour using mixed methods procedure

A well-designed strategy for effective solid waste management is a compelling necessity of the modern world. Today, solid waste management is gaining so much of an importance because lack of planni...

COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare solid waste management strategy - A mini-review.

Healthcare waste comprises the waste generated by healthcare facilities, medical laboratories and biomedical research facilities. Improper treatment of this waste poses serious risks of disease transmission to waste pickers, waste workers, health workers, patients, and the community in general through exposure to infectious agents. Poor management of the waste emits harmful and deleterious contaminants into society. However, contamination of highly contagious agents such as the COVID-19 virus has created enormous instability in healthcare waste handling and subsequent recycling because of the volume of the waste generated and its contagious nature. Several countries have adopted safety measures to combat this contamination and manage healthcare waste; however, these measures are insufficient and vary depending on the context of the country. In addition, the WHO has set out guidelines for management of healthcare waste. These guidelines are helping to manage the highly contagious healthcare waste resulting from the current pandemic. Proper healthcare waste management may add value by reducing the spread of the COVID-19 virus and increasing the recyclability of materials instead of sending them to landfill. Disinfecting and sorting out healthcare waste facilitates sustainable management and allows their utilization for valuable purposes. This review discusses the different healthcare solid waste management strategies practiced in different countries, the challenges faced during this management, and the possible solutions for overcoming these challenges. It also provides useful insights into healthcare solid waste management scenarios during the COVID-19 pandemic and a possible way forward.

Repercussions of COVID-19 pandemic on solid waste generation and management strategies.

It has been over ten months since the beginning of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-2019), and its impact on solid waste management, especially medical waste, is becoming clearer. This study systematically reviews the potential influences of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical waste, personal protection equipment waste and municipal solid waste (MSW), and discusses the corresponding measures and policies of solid waste management in typical countries. The results show that the generation of medical waste from the pandemic increased significantly, with 18%–425% growth. It is estimated that the daily output of COVID-19 medical waste increased from 200 t/d on Feb. 22 to over 29000 t/d at the end of September 2020 throughout the world. The use of personal protective equipment will continue to grow in the long-term, while the blockade and isolation measures greatly reduced the volume of commercial waste, especially for tourist cities, and part of this waste was transferred to household waste. Residents’ attitudes and behavior toward food waste have changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In response to the pandemic, international organizations and several countries have issued new policies and guidelines and adjusted their management strategies for medical waste and MSW treatment. The pandemic has brought specific challenges to the disposal capacity of medical waste worldwide. It has also brought about the stagnation of policies related to the reduction of plastic products and waste recycling. This study will provide some useful information for managers and governmental officials on effective solid waste management during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Solid waste management strategy as an alternative energy source for the economic driver in Gading Kasri Malang City

The economic factor is one of the keys to an area that can be advanced and independent. Until now, the community is still dependent on expensive fuel, while using raw materials around the Gading Kasri village is the right idea. One of the pictures to improve the community's economic factor in the Gading Kasri village is how to convert waste into fuel. The benefits obtained are substantial, including helping the community's economy, reducing plastic waste, and turning plastic waste into energy that is useful for cooking, starting motorbikes, and other powers. In this research, the design of the Combustion Optimization Tool for the Distillation of Plastic Waste into Oil Fuel (BBM) was made as an effective solution to produce an energy source in the form of gas oil with a maximum volume when compared to previous designs for similar devices. In this design, a plastic waste burner cross-section is made in the form of a circular crossbar so that the volume of waste and the effectiveness of combustion that is collected can be more in work. Furthermore, this tool will be used by the community in the Gading Kasri Village to be more beneficial for the organization or the general public.

Modeling consumer home composting intentions for sustainable municipal organic waste management in Iran

Home composting (HC) can be a cost-effective strategy for organic solid waste management. This option is also desirable since HC is increasingly automated, with HC machines composting faster than conventional composting in outdoor settings. Besides, HC may reduce organic solid waste management costs, especially for developing countries with scarcer resources. Taking Iran as a study case, the paper examines the influence of variables pertaining to the theory of planned behavior, the value-belief-norm framework, and the technology acceptance model. This study uses data collected from a territory-wide survey (n = 367) of Isfahan's residents to predict HC intentions. The results show that both attitude and subjective norms appear as the most impactful of all variables. These results further vary according to sex, with women being significantly more prone to HC than men. The findings may provide a reference to implement HC in Iran and other developing countries and possibly developed ones.

Magic of music - marketing communications for swachhata at Indore

The emergence of Indore as the cleanest city of India consecutively for the fourth time is an outcome of multidimensional strategy adopted by Indore Municipal Corporation (IMC). Behavioural change among citizens of Indore has been the catalyst for making the city clean. It is through people’s engagement and participation, the corporation could successfully execute its solid and wet waste segregation, collection and management strategy. Amongst all the marketing communications tools used for this purpose, Music in the form of Swachhata Song has remained the key element in creating the awareness and bringing the behavioural change among the citizens. The present study was aimed at analysing effectiveness of marketing communications strategy used by Indore Municipal Corporation for Swachhata Campaign. The study found that though many tools of integrated marketing communications have played their role in this mission, but the Swachhata Song occupied the most popular rating by the respondents. This study establishes the effectiveness of music as a marketing communications tool through its magical power of emotional engagement.

Development of a dynamic optimization framework for waste management systems

Waste to energy (WTE) technologies have emerged as an alternative solution to municipal solid waste management. WTE systems provide major environmental and economic benefits by converting waste into accessible energy, as part of an integrated solid waste management (ISWM) strategy. However, previous studies showed that establishing an ISWM strategy based on a single type of WTE systems does not necessarily realize maximum benefits. Hence, optimizing the selection of WTE systems as part of a hybrid waste management strategy can potentially achieve maximum benefits and minimize negative impacts. However, such task is challenging due to the various alternatives and objectives, particularly those related to the material and energy recovery systems. This article presents the methods used to develop a systematic optimization framework that identifies the most beneficial set of ISWM systems through mathematical modelling. The methods include the procedures of the established framework, including base model computations, as well as the comprehensive modelling and optimization methods.•The energy recovery, carbon footprint, and financial profitability are computed for selected WTE facilities.•The multi-objective mathematical programming is solved using the weighted comprehensive criterion method (WCCM).•The model is implemented in CPLEX software using mathematical programming language (OPL).