Problem Of Solid Waste Management Research Articles

Разработка критериев оценки эффективности методов обращения с твердыми коммунальными отходами

One of the most socially significant environmental problems is the problem of solid municipal waste (SMW) management. In Russia, the most common method of waste management is waste disposal, i.e., landfilling depositing. However, waste disposal in such a way prevents the use of their resource potential, and also, harms the environment. Along with this method, such methods as recycling, incineration, anaerobic digestion, and thermal destruction are used. The choice of a particular waste management method depends on many factors, for example the morphological composition of the waste, the cost of its implementation, the total impact on the environment, etc. Thus, development of a comprehensive criterion that allows evaluating the effectiveness of a specific waste management method under specified conditions is relevant. The substantiation of the most effective method of waste management, as well as the development of a comprehensive criterion for evaluating efficiency, is carried out using the method of analyzing hierarchies by T. Saati. Six criteria have been developed to assess the reduction of waste volume, the impact of the SMW recycling process on the environment, volume of greenhouse gas emissions, and the energy and economic attractiveness of various waste management methods. A comprehensive criterion has been proposed. The use of this criterion with the expert assessments makes it possible to choose a method for the disposal of SMW. As a result of the analysis of the results obtained, it is found that the most effective method of waste management is thermal destruction, and waste disposal is less preferable. A method has been developed to compare and select a method for the disposal of SMW of a given composition based on a comprehensive account of energy, environmental and economic factors.

Assessing Challenges to Solid Waste Management in Urban Local Authorities in Uganda: A Case Study of Arua Municipality

Purpose: Waste generation is associated with and comes with human activities and as such, waste management is an issue which should be shared by every individual, community, organisation or Country worldwide. Depending on climate, life style and behavioural differences, level of industrialisation, available waste management programmers and economic incentives, the problem of waste generation and its management continues to be a major environmental problem in urban centres worldwide. This Paper attempts to assess the Challenges to Solid Waste Management in Urban Local Authorities in Uganda with specific reference to Arua Municipality in North Western Uganda. A Case study design was used. Materials and Methods: A sample of 391 respondents was selected out of a Target population of 7,881 which included; Heads of Households, Business Operators, Elected leaders, Heads of Departments and Solid waste Collectors. The Methods for data collection adopted were Questionnaires, Interviews, Observation and Documentary Review. The Researcher used Regression Technique for data analysis. Findings: The study findings showed that, urban population growth had an inverse relationship with solid waste management while funding had a positive significant effect on solid waste management. The study further found out that, urban population behaviour had a negative relationship with solid waste management. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: From these findings the researcher concluded that lack of waste segregation; inadequate facilities and equipment, lack of legislation and bye-laws, and ineffective enforcement are among the major challenges to solid waste management in Arua Municipality. Based on the above findings, the researcher recommends the following; Solid waste segregation (separation), enforcement, legislations and bye-laws, provision of adequate solid waste management facilities and equipment and training/Capacity building programmes on solid waste management. The study findings will help policy makers in formulating sustainable solid waste management policies and designing appropriate methods of managing solid waste in urban Local Authorities. The study findings will help raise awareness on issues pertaining to solid waste management at community level. This awareness will help build initiatives to reduce the solid waste management problem in Arua Municipality. The study will further contribute to the body of knowledge on the studies already conducted on solid waste management in developing countries.

Synthesis of rice husk ash based alkaline activators for geopolymer binder systems: A review

At present, geopolymer binders have been considered to be one of the most promising low-carbon building materials. Apart from low carbon emissions, the production of geopolymer materials also helps in mitigating several industrial solid waste management problems. The geopolymer binder can be produced using any aluminosilicate waste material followed by mixing with an alkaline activator. However, the major limitation associated with geopolymers is their production cost which is slightly higher than traditional cement-based binders. Out of all the ingredients, sodium silicate is found to be the most expensive and least environment friendly material. Several researchers have therefore utilized many silica-rich waste products such as rice husk ash (RHA) based silicate solution as a low-cost alternative to commercial sodium silicate solution. In this regard, this paper provides an in-depth review of the past literature to understand the properties of geopolymer binders produced using RHA-derived alkaline activator. The production process, and the factors affecting dissolution of RHA have been elaborated. Further, the properties such as compressive strength, and microstructure have been detailed. Lastly, the sustainability and lifecycle assessment of geopolymers synthesized using RHA-based sodium silicate solution are presented. The information provided in this study shall encourage the scientific community to adopt RHA-based sodium silicate as a cost-effective, and environment friendly activator to produce geopolymers.

Anaerobic digestion of winery solid waste in a two-stage membrane process: Effect of loading rate on biomethane production

The wine industry causes a high amount of solid waste with high organic content at different parts of the production line. One of the best strategies to overcome organic solid waste management problem is anaerobic digestion, as It allows renewable energy production and waste reduction together. The OLR is considered one of the most important operating parameters in continuous or semi-continuous anaerobic operations, as it affects the overall performance of anaerobic digestion systems. Therefore, appropriate OLR determination plays a crucial role in anaerobic digestion. This study investigated the effect of OLR on the performance of a TAnMBR treating (winery solid waste) WSW in terms of biogas and biomethane production. To this end, the production of biogas and biomethane from WSW via a TAnMBR at four different OLRs (0.5 0.75 1.0 1.5 gVS/Lreac d) was investigated. Biogas production rates were 677, 850, 1265, and 566 ml/gVS and biomethane production rates were 352, 450, 679, and 251 ml/gVS respectively, during 0.5 0.75 1.0 1.5 gVS/Lreac d OLR operating conditions. Results revealed that proper biogas and biomethane production can continue until the OLR is 1.5. VFA accumulation can be considered as the main inhibition reason, at 1.5 OLR VFA/Alk ratio increased up to 1.6 with 1864 mgHAc/L VFA concentration. Additionally, phenol and sulfate concentrations were below 45 and 48 mg/L during operation, respectively, therefore it is considered that no inhibition occurred due to these parameters.

Investigation of environmental and health impacts solid waste management problems and associated factors in Asella town, Ethiopia

Solid wastes are substances thrown away by the institutions of individual households in the urban community. The solid waste management practice in Asella town was inappropriate caused environmental pollution and exposed different urban health difficulties. The main objective was to determine the environmental and health impacts of solid waste management problems and associated factors in Asella town. Data collection was carried out through a house-to-house community survey process with a method of cross-sectional study design. A total sample size of 418 households was selected and implemented a simple random and systematic probability sampling technique. The statistical analysis of the binary logistic regression model was used to perform the correlational test about health issues in Asella town.The environmental impact assessment indicators were 13.4% soil pollution, 31.6% air pollution, 20.8% environmental deterioration, and 34.2% water pollution. The health impact indicators were 49.5% respiratory diseases, 18.2% asthmatic (bronchitis) cases, 15.8% diarrheal diseases, 14.8% protozoan illnesses, and 1.7% cancer cases.The odds ratio of females AOR = 1.18; 95%, CI:0.48–2.89, educational districts of can't read and write AOR = 2.31: 95% CI = 0.48–11.1, primary cycle AOR = 2.32, 95% CI:0.58–9.21, Secondary cycle AOR = 2.19, 95% CI = 0.60–7.98, and tertiary cycle AOR = 4.98, 95% C1.06–23.46. the odds ratio of house ownership of government AOR = 2.95, 95% CI:0.54–16.14, private households AOR = 4.18, 95% CI:0.79–22.16 and rented house property AOR = 1.71, 95% CI:0.32–9.18. The odds ratio of income group of lower status AOR = 2.0, 95% CI:0.91–4.98, middle income AOR = 5.7, 95% CI: 0.73–44.53 and higher income AOR = 2.8, 95% CI:0.35–23.14. The odds ratio for sorting of solid waste AOR = 1.38, 95% CI:0.56–3.40, and reusing of solid waste AOR = 7.90, 95% CI:2.12–29.42. Thus, the odds ratio of reusing solid waste was statistically significant correlated factors that limit health issues in Asella town.Therefore, the inadequate solid waste management practice was a query for environmental and health impacts in Asella town. The principles of reusing, reducing, and recovering solid waste management practice must be supported by professional interventions and government policy.

RELAÇÃO ENTRE A PROMOÇÃO DAS FEIRAS DE CIÊNCIA, SAÚDE HUMANA E MEIO AMBIENTE ESTUDO DE CASO DA PROVÍNCIA DE SOFALA

research aimed to assess whether there is a healthy relationship between the promotion of science fairs and care for the environment and human health from the point of view of the places where the shows originate as well as the places where the fair activities take place. . For this purpose, it was essential to use direct observation and interview at the place where the study took place. The research took place at Licungo University, Extension of Beira, with a sample of 36 participants. Supported by content and statistical analysis, the results allowed, in direct observation, to verify a defi cient organization of the event, so there was a lack of conditioning that would respond to the problem of solid waste management produced during the days of the event; in the identifi cation, it was noted that all science shows are related to human health and the environment, but that is not eff ectively ensured by the protagonists of the experiments in the context of human health; Due to this and the results of the interview, we cannot verify the relationship applied between environmental actions verifi ed with human health and the environment, by educational institutions in the region. However, EA is an activity that requires a lot of permanent eff ort and that educators have time and interest.

Innovative technologies in waste management for improving urban environment comfort

The article is aimed at introducing innovative technologies in the field of waste management, additional infrastructural development of the waste disposal and recycling network, increasing the interest of the population in improving the quality of life through direct participation in reducing the negative impact on the environment, increasing the comfort of the urban environment. Problems of solid waste management are at the epicenter of the state’s attention and are interdisciplinary in nature. However existing methods for solving them are not enough to maintain the comfort and safety of the urban environment. Combining the efforts and resources of society through crowdfunding platforms in the search for more effective and safe ways of waste disposal opens up new opportunities for increasing the economic efficiency of waste disposal, developing the environmental responsibility of the population, and strengthening the potential for the utilization of recycled waste.

ПОШИРЕНІСТЬ ПЕРЕРОБКИ ЗОЛИ ПРИ ВИГОТОВЛЕННІ БУДІВЕЛЬНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ

The object of research in the work is the waste of thermal energy enterprises, the annual volume of which in Ukraine is 8 million tons, and the increase in occupied land areas is 22 thousand hectares. In EU countries, up to 84% of such waste is recycled. Therefore, forecasting the prevalence of ash processing in the manufacture of building materials in different countries of the world from the main parameters of influence in order to solve the problem of solid industrial waste management is an urgent scientific and technical task. A study of the prevalence of ash processing in the manufacture of building materials in different countries of the world was conducted by planning a second-order experiment using the Box-Wilson method using rotatable central composite planning using the developed software protected by a copyright certificate. The purpose of the study is to determine a regression model for predicting the prevalence of ash processing in the manufacture of building materials in different countries of the world from the main parameters of influence. A regression dependence of forecasting the prevalence of ash processing in the manufacture of building materials on the main parameters of influence was obtained: the country's population density, the value of the gross domestic product per capita, the average geographical latitude of the country. It was established that, according to Fisher's test, the hypothesis about the adequacy of the obtained regression model can be considered correct with 95% confidence. The correlation coefficient was 0.99999, which indicates sufficient reliability of the obtained results. The obtained regression dependence can be used during the development of a construction waste management strategy. It was established that among the factors of influence that were considered, the prevalence of ash processing in the manufacture of building materials is most affected by the value of the gross domestic product per capita, and the least by the population density of the country. Response surfaces of the target function - the prevalence of ash processing in the production of building materials and their two-dimensional sections in the planes of the influence parameters - were constructed.

An assessment of sustainability metrics for waste-to-liquid fuel pathways for a low carbon circular economy

The nexus of solid waste management problems and energy crisis necessitates the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass agro residues and municipal solid wastes for fuel and energy generation. Thermochemical technologies like pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction and gasification are promising options to produce bio-oil, bio-crude and syngas from biomass, which can be further catalytically upgraded to hydrocarbon fuels. While there are technical merits associated with these processes and the products derived from them, the sustainability analysis of the processes from a systems level is imperative to evaluate their commercial viability. This perspective article presents fundamental understanding, importance and analysis of the different sustainability metrics based on mass and energy. The salient properties of biomass and wastes, and that of various fuels derived from them are presented. The three technologies are evaluated based on key metrics such as energy recovery/efficiency, E-factor, process mass intensity and CO2 footprint. The E-factor for different technologies follows the trend: hydrothermal liquefaction (0.14) ≈ gasification (0.13) < pyrolysis (0.5). However, it is clear from the analysis that the E-factor and GHG emissions of the HTL process, a promising feedstock-agnostic pathway, can be further reduced by valorizing the organic-laden aqueous phase and upgrading the bio-crude to hydrocarbons. The key results of process technoeconomics are presented and assessed from a sustainability viewpoint. This study recommends the use of simple sustainability metrics in research works on thermochemical conversion so that the results from different studies can be compared on a common sustainability platform.

Assessing the Awareness and Practices of the Community in Brgy. Cawilan, Tagana-an, Surigao Del Norte towards Solid Waste Management

The problem of solid waste management increases as years pass by. In the Philippines, small communities like Brgy. Cawilan, in the Municipality of Tagana-an, Surigao del Norte have long-term solid waste management problems despite the countless seminars conducted, implemented policies on solid waste management, and key programs to reduce the volume of waste in the community with no landfills and such. Thus, this poses a greater threat to the community’s health and waste disposal. Hence, this study aimed to assess the awareness and practices of the community in Brgy. Cawilan, Tagana-an, Surigao del Norte towards solid waste management. Moreover, this study utilized descriptive-correlation research design employing survey method as a tool in data gathering. The adopted survey questionnaire was floated to the 108 randomly selected residents of Brgy. Cawilan to determine their level of awareness and practices on solid waste management. Results revealed that the level of awareness on solid waste management of Brgy. Cawilan was High, which means that the community are Aware of the solid waste management programs implemented in the barangay. The segregation and reduce practices were Practiced, the reuse practices were Highly Practiced, and the recycle and disposal practices were Less Practiced and lastly the awareness on solid waste management of the community does not affect their practices in terms of disposal but their practices in terms of segregation, reduce, reuse, and recycle influence their awareness on solid waste management. Hence, it is recommended the barangay should reconduct a seminar to reiterate the consequences of violating solid waste management ordinances and to refresh the policies for effective implementation and should have stricter and efficient ways of recycling waste materials to lessen the volume of waste that can be repurposed and schedule collection of waste, provide a centralized disposal areas, and establish a structured landfill disposal to be able to avoid improper waste disposal practices.

ВПЛИВ СМІТТЄВИХ ПОЛІГОНІВ НА МІСТОБУДУВАННЯ ТА АРХІТЕКТУРУ ВЕЛИКИХ МІСТ

Today, urban development is rapidly gaining momentum due to economic growth and changing lifestyles, which leads to urban expansion and population growth. This leads to an increase in the amount of solid waste in urban areas. The problem of solid waste management is now one of the most pressing issues on a global scale. Garbage does not leave us at home, at work, on the streets of the city, even during a quiet walk in the park - it accompanies us everywhere. In fact, garbage has become an integral part of our everyday life, and humanity has even learned to coexist with it. However, the problem is far from as simple as it seems at first glance. The root of the problem lies not in the garbage itself, but in the way people treat it. Consider, for example, such disturbing phenomena as "landfills" or "landfills", which are currently the subject of general concern. First, landfills have a negative impact on the environment. They cause soil contamination around the landfill and groundwater pollution, which in turn leads to serious problems with the availability of clean water. In addition, landfills cause air pollution and the spread of unpleasant odors over long distances. Despite the widespread belief that all waste-related problems can be solved through recycling, landfills remain the most common method of waste disposal worldwide. There is also a perception that landfills are a cost-effective way to treat waste. Although this is undoubtedly the most affordable and easiest way to solve the problem. But it is worth remembering that the cost of these savings exceeds the environmental problems that will soon arise. Modern waste and landfill management has a major impact on the architecture and urban planning of large cities. This article explores the urgent problem of improper waste management in the context of urban development. Based on the latest data and research, a thorough analysis of the impact of landfills on the environment, infrastructure, and quality of life of residents of large cities is carried out.

Effects of socio-economic status and daily variation on municipal solid waste composition: a preliminary analysis for sustainable planning and development in Aligarh City.

In the context of developing countries such as India, with great differences in people's living standards and different communities, municipal solid waste (MSW) management is one of the most promising problems in front of municipal organizations. Unlike every city in India, Aligarh City also faces the same problem of municipal solid waste management. This problem not only affects the esthetic view but is also hazardous to people nearby health. Currently, solid waste collected is either dumped in landfill unscientifically or partially treated by A to Z waste management (limited) by composting. In the present study, an effort was made to know about the per capita waste generation and variations in the quantity of different components of the MSW in five different regions of the city with dissimilar living standards. Also, weekly variation was analyzed in the study. One-way ANOVA analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences is performed to investigate the variations in the mean composition of different components. The per capita solid waste generation in Aligarh City was found to be 0.42 kg/person/day. From the analysis, we came to know that compostable component (35.4%) is the highest, then inert (24.6%), plastic (12.2%), paper (10%), textile (9.2%), and sand (8.6%). After analysis, the results can help sort out the problem of MSW management in the city by selecting appropriate units as per the composition of MSW.

Optimising Routes Scheduling of Garbage Truck for Waste Collection using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm

The issue of waste generation has attracted significant public attention in today’s societies, not only because waste production is increasing quantitatively but also because some products and components are becoming more complex. The growing problem of municipal solid waste management has become the most serious environmental issue. Population growth has resulted in the increase in the generation of solid waste, which has become a serious issue that must be resolved. Optimised route planning is one of the most important components of a smart waste management system. Route planning is a technological approach to determining the shortest routes through optimisation. The route optimisation problem commonly referred to as the vehicle routing problem (VRP), has been thoroughly studied to find the best possible route for a vehicle. This study aims to find the optimal routes and reduce the distance travelled by the garbage truck when collecting waste using Artificial Bee Colony algorithm. ABC algorithm is an optimization method based on the clever behaviour of honey bee swarms. The artificial bee colony in the ABC algorithm is divided into three groups which are employed bees, onlookers and scouts. To provide neighbouring solutions that are guaranteed to be possible, swap operator is used. Results show that by using 10 trucks in total as the vehicle, the optimal solution produced a total of optimal distance for 94.9542 km. The findings of this study fulfilled the intended objectives which are to find the optimal route and shortest distance for the vehicles.

Thermostable keratinase from Bacillus cereus L10: optimization and some potential biotechnological applications

AbstractThe accumulation of feather waste is a critical problem in solid waste management; therefore, microbial management of waste is highly significant. Consequently, the keratinolytic capacity of some bacteria isolated from the keratinous waste area was evaluated. The most promising isolate coded as L10 showed the highest feather degradation efficiency 72.7% was identified as Bacillus cereus L10 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The effect and contribution of independent process variables were studied by Plackett–Burman design. The optimal values of the independent variables obtained from the Plackett–Burman design were chicken feather, 1%; K2HPO4, 0.3%; KH2PO4, 0.05%; MgSO4 7H2O, 0.01%; yeast extract, 0.05%; inoculum size 4% with pH 7 and incubation period 5 days at 35 °C. The optimal parameters were validated resulting in the enhancement of keratinase production (9.602 U/ml), protein concentration (521.17 µg/ml), and feather degradation (94%) along with a 4.56-fold increased of keratinase production. The enzyme is relatively thermostable, completely stable between 30 and 80 °C for 1 h and retained 97.66% of its activity at 100 °C. B. cereus L10 was able to degrade different types of keratins. Interestingly, the feather hydrolysate from optimized keratinase production medium showed plant growth promoting activity by producing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The feathers hydrolysate produced a great benefit by its use as a soil biofertilizer through enhancing the germination of Triticum aestivum. The important implication of keratinase in laundry detergent and leather industry was examined. Results revealed that the enzyme achieved great efficiency in removing protein and blood-rich stains within 30 min at 36 °C in addition to its thoroughly dehairing of cow-hide after 40 h incubation without any damage. The dehaired pelt exhibited a smooth, velvety, and white color surface, good flexibility. Therefore, our study presents an effective method to turn waste into wealth. Graphical Abstract

Solid waste management: an investigation on the current situation of the landfill in the municipality of Garanhuns – PE

The generation of solid residues has become one of the biggest problems of humanity due to the growing demand of the population for goods and services, and it is necessary that the governments look into a way to mitigate its harmful effects on the environment. In Brazil, the problem of adequate solid waste management also became recurrent and started with the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, which took place in the city of Rio de Janeiro in 1992, Rio-92 or Eco-92. The general objective of the work is to diagnose the current situation of the Garanhuns landfill regarding its suitability for the Intermunicipal Solid Waste Plan - PIRS of the Agreste Meridional Region of Pernambuco and the Garanhuns landfill as an instrument to combat environmental transgression. In the first moment, a documentary analysis was carried out regarding the proposed theme and in the second moment, an investigation, through an interview, about the situation of the landfill in relation to the PIRS. Despite fulfilling some requirements regarding the final destination of the waste, the municipality has not yet prepared, licensed and implemented the Degraded Areas Recovery Program-PRAD, an indispensable part to comply with the guideline of “Compliance with the National Solid Waste Policy”. However, even though there are still some obstacles to compliance with the PIRS, the importance of a properly licensed landfill operating in Agreste Meridional de Pernambuco is emphasized.

ДИНАМІКА ОБСЯГІВ ПРОДУКУВАННЯ ВІДХОДІВ БУДІВНИЦТВА I ЗНЕСЕННЯ У МІСТІ КИЄВІ

Construction and demolition waste can be widely used in construction to obtain such valuable materials: as a filler and binder for the production of concrete, dry building mixes and other building materials, for the production of building materials with protective properties against electromagnetic radiation and static of electricity, for the manufacture of anode earthing devices, etc. Therefore, the determination of the regression dependence describing the dynamics of production volumes of construction and demolition waste in the city of Kyiv to solve the problem of solid industrial waste management is an urgent scientific and technical task. The purpose of the study is to determine with the help of regression analysis of dependence, which describes the dynamics of production volumes of construction and demolition waste in the city of Kyiv to solve the problem of solid industrial waste management. During the study, the method of regression analysis of the results of one-factor experiments and other paired dependencies was used, with the selection of the best type of function from the 16 most common options according to the criterion of the maximum correlation coefficient. The regression was carried out on the basis of linear transformations, which allow to reduce the non-linear dependence to a linear one. The coefficients of the regression equation were determined by the method of least squares using the developed computer program "RegAnalyz", which is protected by a certificate of copyright registration of the work. An adequate regression dependence describing the dynamics of construction and demolition waste generation in the Vinnytsia region was obtained. A graphical dependence was constructed that describes the dynamics of production volumes of construction and demolition waste in the city of Kyiv and allows to visually illustrate this dynamic, to show a sufficient convergence of theoretical and actual results. It was established that in the city of Kyiv during 2015-2019, the mass production of construction and demolition waste grew exponentially.

Willingness to Pay for Improved Solid Waste Management in Itahari, Sunsari, Nepal

Solid waste management (SWM) is a widespread problem in urban areas of developed and underdeveloped countries. Unplanned urbanization, rapid population growth, and migration of people from rural to urban areas are the leading causes for the problem of SWM in the major cities of Nepal. Inadequate services for solid waste collection can lead to environmental problems, pollution, health risks, and economic burdens for the society. Understanding the willingness to pay (WTP) of residents for improved solid waste collection is crucial for deciding effective pricing policies and waste collection techniques. In this context, the main aim of the study is to examine the WTP for the services of improved SWM in the study area. Using simple random sampling method, 377 households were taken as a sample to estimate the WTP for SWM through the Contingent Valuation Model (CVM) and Tobit regression. A field survey was conducted to collect the required data and information related to the WTP of households through the structured questionnaire. The study found that 83.55 percent of respondents would pay for improved SWM services, and the willingness to pay varies from NRs. 50 to NRs.500 per month. Tobit regression results identified the factors influencing WTP for improved SWM in the study area. The factors of gender, ownership of the house, education, profession, income level, and service satisfaction are statistically significant in determining the WTP for SWM.

Factors Affecting Solid Waste Management in Kapchorwa Town Council, Kapchorwa District

The problem of Solid Waste Management (SWM) has become a major problem in the upper areas of developing countries. In Uganda, the menace of urban waste has further been worsened by the increasing population. This study was done to assess the level of knowledge and practices about SWM within the Kapchorwa Town Council (KTC) Kapchorwa district in eastern Uganda. To achieve the objectives, a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out and waste characteristics, collection, disposal, stakeholder roles, and waste management responsibilities were analyzed. Results indicate that waste is predominantly biodegradable (66%) and generated mainly within households, with no proper collection rate disposed of, crude dumping was the major means of disposal used (72.5%). The council is under capacity to handle waste management demands and their services are poor or nonexistent which has led to the use of crude dumping which has risk health. The strategy for solid waste management is failing because the community members are not cooperative. In conclusion, waste management practices in KTC are poor and they reflect a gap in knowledge about effective waste management within KTC, community members should be regularly educated on the link between improper solid waste management and disease outbreaks and the safe SWM practices such as reuse and recycling. Keywords: Waste management, Kapchorwa district, urban waste, disease outbreaks

Solid Waste Management Problems, Solutions, Types and Its Effects; A Case Study of Okpoko Community

The aim of this study is to get to know the nature of solid waste management in Okpoko, identify the problems with the current management, and find a possible solution to them, thus creating a well-arranged environment where everyone can stay with no problem of solid waste. A field survey was conducted to get the opinion of the residents living in that particular area. After an analysis was done on the answers given to us by the residents with the help of the questionnaire that was shared, we finally learned the nature of the current solid waste management practiced there, which was mostly landfill, and the problems they were facing, such as air pollution caused by the open incineration (burning) of solid wastes. A possible solution was also found, which was the recycling and reuse of these solid wastes. The analysis method used for this study was Multiple Linear Regression (SPSS).

Comparative Analysis of the Implementation of Support Vector Machines and Long Short-Term Memory Artificial Neural Networks in Municipal Solid Waste Management Models in Megacities

The development of methodologies to support decision-making in municipal solid waste (MSW) management processes is of great interest for municipal administrations. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques provide multiple tools for designing algorithms to objectively analyze data while creating highly precise models. Support vector machines and neuronal networks are formed by AI applications offering optimization solutions at different managing stages. In this paper, an implementation and comparison of the results obtained by two AI methods on a solid waste management problem is shown. Support vector machine (SVM) and long short-term memory (LSTM) network techniques have been used. The implementation of LSTM took into account different configurations, temporal filtering and annual calculations of solid waste collection periods. Results show that the SVM method properly fits selected data and yields consistent regression curves, even with very limited training data, leading to more accurate results than those obtained by the LSTM method.