Solid Waste Management Policies Research Articles

Eco-efficiency approach in sustainable waste management: An uncertainty analysis for Chile

Municipalities require eco-efficiency in managing solid waste to enhance sustainability and achieve a circular economy. Despite the relevance of waste statistics, there is high data uncertainty, which limits attempts to benchmark eco-efficiency in this sector. To overcome this limitation, the data envelopment analysis tolerance method was used to evaluate the eco-efficiency of solid waste management for a sample of municipalities in Chile. For each municipality, a composite indicator embracing operational cost, recycled waste rates, and non-valorized waste rate was estimated. Data uncertainty was integrated in the assessment by simulating 729 scenarios for each municipality. Average eco-efficiency of the sample was 0.180, demonstrating the extremely poor performance of the municipalities in sustainable waste management. However, the eco-efficiency scores varied across municipalities, indicating differences in local capacity to develop and implement strategies for promoting circular economy. Large potential to improve eco-efficiency estimated in this study clearly shows that current solid waste management policies are not suitable for achieving circular economy objectives in Chile, thus alternative approaches should be adopted to enhance sustainable waste management.

Assessing Challenges to Solid Waste Management in Urban Local Authorities in Uganda: A Case Study of Arua Municipality

Purpose: Waste generation is associated with and comes with human activities and as such, waste management is an issue which should be shared by every individual, community, organisation or Country worldwide. Depending on climate, life style and behavioural differences, level of industrialisation, available waste management programmers and economic incentives, the problem of waste generation and its management continues to be a major environmental problem in urban centres worldwide. This Paper attempts to assess the Challenges to Solid Waste Management in Urban Local Authorities in Uganda with specific reference to Arua Municipality in North Western Uganda. A Case study design was used. Materials and Methods: A sample of 391 respondents was selected out of a Target population of 7,881 which included; Heads of Households, Business Operators, Elected leaders, Heads of Departments and Solid waste Collectors. The Methods for data collection adopted were Questionnaires, Interviews, Observation and Documentary Review. The Researcher used Regression Technique for data analysis. Findings: The study findings showed that, urban population growth had an inverse relationship with solid waste management while funding had a positive significant effect on solid waste management. The study further found out that, urban population behaviour had a negative relationship with solid waste management. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: From these findings the researcher concluded that lack of waste segregation; inadequate facilities and equipment, lack of legislation and bye-laws, and ineffective enforcement are among the major challenges to solid waste management in Arua Municipality. Based on the above findings, the researcher recommends the following; Solid waste segregation (separation), enforcement, legislations and bye-laws, provision of adequate solid waste management facilities and equipment and training/Capacity building programmes on solid waste management. The study findings will help policy makers in formulating sustainable solid waste management policies and designing appropriate methods of managing solid waste in urban Local Authorities. The study findings will help raise awareness on issues pertaining to solid waste management at community level. This awareness will help build initiatives to reduce the solid waste management problem in Arua Municipality. The study will further contribute to the body of knowledge on the studies already conducted on solid waste management in developing countries.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT RELATIVE TO IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES AND PROGRAMS TOWARDS SAFE AND HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT

This study aims to investigate solid waste management programs and policies implemented to promote a safe and healthy school environment in Anao-Kiling Elementary School, Roxas, Isabela. Fifty internal and 30 external stakeholders served as respondents of the study. This research uses a descriptive-normative approach to assess stakeholders' awareness, implementation levels, and challenges. The data were collected through structured questionnaires and interviews, and analyzed through statistical tools such as percentages, weighted means, ANOVA, Chi-Square C-Test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed that there is a high level of awareness among respondents regarding the policies of segregation, reduction, reuse, and recycling. However, challenges remain regarding waste disposal, showing the need for improvements in the overall implementation of the program and advocacy efforts. In addition, the level of stakeholder participation varied, with composting of biodegradable waste showing the highest level of implementation. Internal stakeholders experienced excessive waste, whereas external stakeholders experienced problems such as a lack of time. There was a significant relationship between existing programs, dissemination, and implementation levels. However, the respondents' perceptions and their profile variables did not show a significant correlation. Conclusions emphasize stakeholder representation, adequate dissemination of program information, and the need for targeted solutions to address implementation challenges. As a result of this study, holistic waste management strategies are crucial to creating a sustainable and healthy educational environment.

Forecasting municipal solid plastic waste generation and management policy using system dynamics: a case study of Khulna City in Bangladesh

A comprehensive analysis of municipal solid plastic waste (MSPW) management while emphasizing plastic pollution severity in coastal cities around the world is mandatory to alleviate the augmenting plastic waste footprint in nature. Thus, decision-makers’ persuasion for numerous management solutions of MSPW flow-control can be met through meditative systematic strategies at the regional level. To forecast solutions focused on systematic policies, an agent-based system dynamics (ASD) model has been developed and simulated from 2023 to 2040 while considering significant knit parameters for MSPW management of Khulna City in Bangladesh. Baseline simulation results show that per-capita plastic waste generation will increase to 11.6 kg by 2040 from 8.92 kg in 2023. Eventually, the landfilled quantity of plastic waste has accumulated to 70,000 tons within 18 years. Moreover, the riverine discharge has increased to 834 tons in 2040 from a baseline quantity of 512 tons in 2023. So the plastic waste footprint index (PWFI) value rises to 24 by 2040. Furthermore, the absence of technological initiatives is responsible for the logarithmic rise of non-recyclable plastic waste to 1.35*1000=1350 tons. Finally, two consecutive policy scenarios with baseline factors such as controlled riverine discharge, increased collection and separation of plastic waste, expansion of recycle business, and locally achievable plastic conversion technologies have been simulated. Therefore, policy 2, with 69% conversion, 80% source separation, and 50% riverine discharge reduction of MSPW, has been found adequate from a sustainability perspective with the lowest PWFI ranges of 3.97 to 1.07 alongside a per-capita MSPW generation of 7.63 to 10 kg from 2023 till 2040.Graphical abstract

Assessing dissolved oxygen dynamics in Pasig River, Philippines: A HEC-RAS modeling approach during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract The water quality in Pasig River has been impacted by urbanization, industrialization, and the pandemic conditions. This study involved comparative analysis of dissolved oxygen (DO) levels before and during the pandemic. Field measurements, including water temperature, salinity, and DO, were conducted during neap and spring tides. To further understand and simulate DO distribution, a one-dimensional mathematical model, specifically Hydrologic Engineering Center-River Analysis System, was employed. Results showed that DO increased during the pandemic, ranging from 3.26 to 7.25 and 1.08 to 5.69 mg/L during neap and spring tide. From the minimum standard DO level, out of eight stations, seven passed during neap tide, while one station passed during spring tide. Salinity levels were higher during spring tide, which may have affected the DO. Salt intrusion was evident until 4 km from the confluence. The hydraulic model yielded average water level differences of 5.1 and 8.3 cm during calibration and validation, respectively. The DO calibration and simulation exhibited very good statistical evaluation outcomes, with values of 0.9 for Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency and 0.3 for Root Mean Standard Deviation Ratio. These findings hold significant potential for formulation of water quality enhancement plans and implementation of solid waste management and pollution policies.

First Evidence of Potential Microplastic Ingestion of Yellow Striped Goat Fish Upeneus vitattus (Forsskal, 1775) Caught in Malita, Davao Occidental, Philippines

Microplastic (MP) study in the Philippines is gaining attention because of the recent trends in macro-microplastic study worldwide and there is already a call for research to help the degrading marine environment in the country. No study in Malita, Davao Occidental was conducted to document microplastic contamination. To address this gap, 30 goat fishes collected in 6 sampling stations were dissected and microplastic were extracted, counted, and characterized. Results revealed that 96.67% of samples were contaminated with microplastic. In terms of microplastic type, fiber was most dominant than fragments, in microplastic hue, color black was the most common and microplastic with size ranging from 50 to 500µm were usually observed. Comparable amount of microplastic was obtained in fish guts across stations (P>0.05) which means that fish ingestion of microplastic were evident in the area. Based on Correlation, the length (r2=0.13), wet weight (r2=0.17) and gut wet weight (r2=0.29) of the fish does not tell the amount of microplastic ingested by each yellow stripped goat fish since there is a weak relationship between the two parameters. The result suggests, Malita’s seawater is already polluted with microplastic and demersal fishes that practice high site fidelity were very susceptible to microplastic ingestion. A stronger solid waste management policy must be implemented and activities such coastal clean ups and information drives must be initiated by all stakeholders. Further, microplastic investigation in seawater and sediments must be conducted to have a more detailed study of the whole extent of microplastic contamination in Malita, Davao Occidental.

Barriers to municipal solid waste management policy implementation. A case study in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

ABSTRACT While literature extensively examines waste management issues in urban areas, limited attention has been given to rural developing waste contexts. This paper aims to understand the policy/implementation nexus between national and local government within the rural waste management context in two rural municipalities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The research utilizes a directed deductive content analysis applying a framework proposed by Pollans. Originally designed for urban contexts, this framework has proven valuable for comprehending solid waste management policy implementation challenges in rural settings. This paper proposes an adjustment to this framework, differentiating the disposal mode of governing into government-based and self-reliant-based approaches. The authors found a significant implementation gap in both municipalities, characterized by a predominant, incremental disposal-oriented governing mode. This contrasts with the visionary and aspirational modes of governing promoted by the national government, focusing on diversion and eco-efficient waste strategies. These divergent modes of governing influence current waste management practices, especially in rural municipalities. We recommend strategies towards narrowing the implementation gap by formulating policies tailored to local development needs. Finally, the research sheds light on the challenges and disparities in rural waste management policy implementation and provides insights into how rural areas can transition towards sustainable waste management practices.

Exploring economic opportunities of the solid waste management policy in Zambia: Case study city of Ndola

This study investigates the economic implications of Zambia's Solid Waste Management Regulation Act 2018, particularly in Ndola. The Act, which integrates private sector engagement in waste management, has unfolded numerous entrepreneurial opportunities. Our research reveals how individuals, including marginalized groups like ex-convicts and single mothers, are transforming waste into a source of income. By scavenging landfills for recyclables, these individuals participate in an emerging value chain, selling waste to entities that repurpose it into economically viable products. This burgeoning sector is not only fostering self-employment but also generating formal jobs, especially for the youth, and contributing to the national economy through taxes and export revenues. The study highlights the dual benefits of this policy: environmental sustainability through reduced landfill waste, and socio-economic upliftment, as evidenced by decreased poverty levels and minimized disease outbreaks due to cleaner public spaces. However, challenges persist, such as the need for more structured waste sorting at landfills and better support systems for vulnerable waste collectors. Overall, the study underscores the transformative potential of waste management policies in fostering economic growth and environmental conservation.

Assessment of Solid Waste Management Practices in Rural Bangladesh: A Case Study of Citizen Participation

Bangladesh's rural solid waste management (SWM) systems are still developing, and effective citizen participation is crucial for SWM success. This study highlights knowledge gaps, as the existing policies focus predominantly on urban areas.In this study, citizen participation, existing practices, and the community engagement of SWM were examined in the rural areas of Bangladesh. Primary data collected from 67 Bangladeshi respondents through questionnaires using a qualitative and quantitative mixed-methods study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. This study found that Bangladeshi rural citizens participate in SWM "personally." Results showed that 41.9% of respondents often dump waste in pits or lowlands near their homes, and a general practice was to discard waste by digging a hole (54.8%) or burying it (41.9%). Household backyards (41.9%) and shallow terrain (48.4%) were used as dumping stations. Different indigenous systems and practices were observed in the rural areas due to the lack of formal SWM. Respondents mentioned that the informal sector recycles plastic, paper, glassware, etc., and a few citizens generate compost from organic waste. Citizens reported that they needed SWM training from rural local governments. Moreover, SWM efforts in rural Bangladesh did not involve citizen groups or associations. In conclusion, local governments can coordinate SWM policy by including citizens for a sustainable environment, and policymakers will have a scope to improve rural SWM in Bangladesh. Furthermore, this paper provides practical implications for researchers and policymakers on SWM in developing countries. Vol. 10, No. 3, December 2023: 301-318

Assessment of Public concerns and Behaviours towards Scientific Solid Waste Management in Kanpur City (U.P.), India

The study evaluates household civic amenities, behaviour, and perspective on the management of garbage and trash in different zones of Kanpur city, using primary data collected through interviews with 622 randomly selected households. The study calculates Household Amenities Index, Behaviour Index and Pollution Perception Index, based on variables: toilet facilities, drinking water sources, ways of discarding garbage and readiness to pay for pickup.The study finds that zone 6 residents are more diligent in scientific waste management, and there is high pollution in the city centre due to poor management and lack of civic facilities. The finding would guide effective solid waste management policies.

Transforming waste-picking landscape in Ghana: from survival to sustainable enterprise

ABSTRACT Waste picking within the informal sector is essential to solid waste management policy and practice. A healthy number of academic articles have emerged from the practice of waste picking, particularly Ghana, of recent. Nevertheless, a common limitation across many of these articles is the absence of in-depth investigations into the experiences and backgrounds of waste pickers. This study examines the practical aspects of waste picking, uncovering motivational factors that drive individuals to engage in waste picking business and the multifaceted challenges that they encounter. Sixty-one waste pickers were interviewed at the Kumasi Oti Landfill site, and the findings were supplemented with documentary sources and observational data. Through content analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and the relative importance index, our study highlights that despite its necessity for survival, many waste pickers express dissatisfaction and find the waste picking business unpleasant. Additionally, the primary motivational factors for engaging in the waste picking business include lack of jobs, compounded with a lack of general and skilled education as well as social and cultural capital, and the flexibility of the work and family business. Furthermore, our findings underscore the significance of certain challenges, notably low income, health problems and social stigmatisation attached to the work. In light of these findings, it is recommended that government provides socio-economic and social support for waste pickers and facilitate the establishment of cooperatives for waste pickers in the recycling sector.

Leveraging environmental, social, and governance strategies for sustainable tannery solid waste management towards achieving sustainable development goals

AbstractTannery solid waste (TSW) management is vital for promoting sustainable development in the leather industry. However, sustainable management of TSW is challenging as it contains hazardous chemicals. Implementing environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices can support managing TSW towards achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, it is not easy to implement ESG practices for TSW management since numerous challenges exist in the system. To assist TSW management through ESG implementation, it is imperative to investigate the interactions among challenges and mitigation strategies. However, the existing decision‐making models cannot deal with the uncertainty and vagueness on a border scale during interaction evaluation and alternatives ranking. Additionally, there is a shortage of scientific works on ESG practices in emerging economies. Therefore, this study, for the first time, offers an integrated novel Dombi t‐norm and Dombi t‐conorm grounded interval valued Fermatean fuzzy sets (IVFFSs) Delphi, an extended IVFFSs‐weighted influence non‐liner Gause system (WINGS), and novel IVFFSs‐TODIM approach which is utterly lacking in the present literature. Also, the study offers a strategic roadmap to understand the interlinkage of findings with SDGs. The results of the IVFFSs‐WINGS analysis confirmed that the “Lack of solid waste management policy” is the most critical challenge for ESG implementation. Further, IVFFSs‐TODIM analysis confirmed that the “Policy development for TSW management complying with ESG and SDGs” is the top ESG challenges mitigation strategy for TSW management. The study's findings will provide guidance for government agencies, policymakers, and relevant stakeholders of the emerging economies tannery industry for successful implementation of ESG practices, thus helping to achieve SDGs.

State of the field of domestic solid waste management in Ukraine

It was determined that the current state of the field of solid household waste management in Ukraine is: focused on the landfilling of solid household waste, its placement in landfills and spontaneous landfills, most of which do not meet the requirements of environmental safety; is characterized by the lack of opportunities for separate collection and processing of solid household waste; has a low technological level and a low level of implementation of innovative technologies; is characterized by the lack of a proper recycling system (including a separate collection system); limited by approaches to making complex management decisions and financial resources. It has been established that the outdated methods of managing this area, as well as the lack of a comprehensive solid waste management system, is the main problem for Ukraine, which negatively affects the environment and the health of the population. Solving this problem largely depends on state policy, legislative innovations and specific financial and economic mechanisms approved at the national level. The main priorities for changes in solid waste management policy are outlined. It has been established that the development of national legislation in the field of waste management, including solid household waste, is taking place in Ukraine. In particular, the National Waste Management Strategy until 2030, the National Waste Management Plan until 2030, the Law of Ukraine “On Waste Management” was adopted, which indicates the implementation of the basic principles and provisions of European legislation in the field of waste management, including solid household waste.

Indigestible foreign bodies in the forestomach of slaughtered goats in Mogadishu, Somalia.

The primary domestic animal in Somali communities is the goat. Their main economic importance is as a food source and a main form of agriculture in the country. There has been a recent decline in the goat population in Somalia, which may be due to the shortage of feed and an increasingly contaminated environment that is affecting the population's food supply and nutritional status. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and the factors associated with indigestible foreign bodies (IFBs) ingestion in goats in Mogadishu, Somalia. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Somalia Meat Company in Mogadishu, Somalia, in February 2022. A total of 250 goats were included in this study, and records were kept on age, sex, body condition, and location. Following the slaughter, goats were inspected for IFBs, and their stomach compartments were incised and examined. Indigestible foreign body classifications was noted and subjected to analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0. A total of 90/250 (36%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.1-42.3) goats presented IFBs, being 71/90 (79%; 95% CI: 69-87) in the rumen, 12/90 (13%; 95% CI: 7-22) in the reticulum, and seven/90 (8%; 95% CI: 3-15) on both. The most observed IFBs were plastic in 71/90 (79%; 95% CI: 69-87), followed by ropes in eight/90 (10%; 95% CI: 5-18). A high IFB prevalence was observed in goats aged >2-≤3 years (44%), followed by >3 years (36%). The lowest frequency was observed in goats aged <2 years (30%). Overall, there was an association between IFBs in goats and poor body conditions (χ2 = 47%, p < 0.04). The absence of a plastic waste disposal system in the area, and communal free-grazing of livestock in highly contaminated sites, appeared to be significant contributors to the high occurrence of IFBs in goats. Therefore, appropriate policies for solid waste management should be implemented.

Reflections on COVID-19 pandemic and waste management in developing countries: A case study in São Paulo city, Brazil.

COVID-19 pandemic has changed several aspects in human behaviour, whereas population mobility patterns have been strongly affected by social distancing. In parallel, changes in solid waste generation patterns have been reported worldwide. This work assessed the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on waste generation and collection in São Paulo city, Brazil, the largest city of Latin America. Data on nine types of wastes collected between 2013 and 2021 were obtained, and the quantities of wastes collected before and during the pandemic were compared. These data were also discussed in light of data on COVID-19 cases and rates of social distancing and mobility. An increase in the amount of recyclables collected during the first wave of COVID-19 (March to September 2020) was observed. Decreases in the quantities of construction, demolition and bulky wastes (first wave of COVID-19) and farmers market wastes (second wave - October 2020 to February 2021) were also evidenced. The quantities of medical wastes collected during the pandemic significantly increased. The amount of residential wastes was lower than the mean for the pre-pandemic period during the first months of COVID-19. Thus, changes in lifestyle and consumption patterns of the population of São Paulo city seem to have affected solid waste generation during the pandemic, which reinforces the need of implementing solid waste management policies based on a diagnostic that characterise and consider these changes.

MODEL ANALISIS DYNAMIC LIMBAH MEDIS RUMAH SAKIT DI DENPASAR BALI

Denpasar has 18 hospitals, 11 health centers, and 25 sub-health centers located at South Denpasar, East Denpasar, West Denpasar, and North Denpasar (Dinkes, 2020). The average medical waste generated every day is 1800 kg/day or 1.8 tons day (DLHK, 2018). The methods to develop solid medical waste management include minimizing medical waste from its source, sorting, storing, reusing and recycling, collecting, transporting, storing, processing, and destroying it (Health Ministry of the Republic of Indonesia, 2018). Dynamic analysis is the right approach to examine a complex problem with limited data. This research uses quantitative and qualitative based on primary and secondary data. Research where located in 15 public hospitals in Denpasar City. The time of research starts in November – December 2021 with a prediction period of 10 years until 2030. According to the result he weight of solid medical waste increased from year to year. In 2022 the weight of medical waste was redicted to reach 727.75 kg or 730 tons. The weight of solid medical waste becomes 436.136 kg or 436 tons with a 40% reduction policy implemented in its entirety. The cost aspect of simulation without hospital policy will cost more than IDR 9 billion per year. The proposed solution to maximize the combination of solid medical waste reduction and management policies in Bali. These efforts can minimize costs and reduce the production of solid medical waste from source to utilization.&#x0D; Keywords: Dynamic Analysis Model, Technical Aspect, Hospital, Medical Waste

Exploring the Characteristics of Solid Waste Management Policy in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) plays an important role in China’s development strategy. With recent GDP growth and high population density, solid waste generation has emerged as a significant challenge for the region. This study sought to clarify GBA’s solid waste management policies by constructing a two-dimensional policy analysis framework covering nearly 99 available policy texts. This quantitative method provides an explanatory framework for solid waste management policy in GBA, identifying the main policy objectives and instruments as well as making comparisons. Additionally, given the variations in policy format resulting from regime differences, this paper utilizes a novel approach to encode the documents. The results of the study indicate that both Macao and Hong Kong have made greater progress than Shenzhen in waste management development. While Shenzhen is primarily focused on source control, Macao and Hong Kong have transitioned to the recycling stage, with Hong Kong having a more advanced system. It is recommended that Shenzhen increase its engagement in information sharing, learning, and collaboration with Macao and Hong Kong. Moreover, it is observed that Shenzhen’s waste management approach relies heavily on administrative measures, whereas Macao and Hong Kong have implemented social participation-oriented and economic incentives-oriented policies, respectively. There is also an adaptation deviation between Waste Collection and Treatment Development (WCTD) and the policy instruments used to achieve it in the three cities. It is imperative that the three governments utilize their policy tools in an effective manner and have a rational use of power and the performance of functions. These findings can provide recommendations for promoting inter-city learning and collaboration in the GBA.

Barriers and opportunities for waste pickers within solid waste management policy in Colombia

Low- and middle-income countries are lagging in research related to waste management initiatives and practices involving the informal sector and the problems faced by this population. Many case studies focus on waste management, but few deal with waste pickers' role and their formalisation process. In particular, there is a need to document the opportunities and barriers to transition for this population and the appropriate pathway from informal to formal work in the Latin American context. The objective of this article is to report the findings of an analysis of this transition in Colombia, where the institutional context explicitly promotes a formalisation pathway for waste picker organisations within the public waste management service in the waste picking activity. This analysis mixes quantitative and qualitative methods. The study draws on information from two main sources. First, primary data from a survey of individual waste pickers and waste picker organisations at the national level was considered. The second source was information analysis from workshops with waste picker leaders. The research's findings, conclusions, and recommendations compile barriers and opportunities for waste pickers, their organisations, and their formalisation. It is hoped that the findings will be used to guide similar studies in other developing countries with similar conditions for waste pickers.

Logistics performance: critical factors in the implementation of end-of-life management practices in the pharmaceutical care process.

The management of healthcare waste and end-of-life medication coming from different sources are primary challenges faced by public health leaders. Several factors may be considered critical and inhibitive to reverse logistics within the context of waste management processes. If those factors are not addressed, they may become obstacles to reverse logistics implementation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect that critical factors play in the adoption of end-of-life management practices for medication and its influence on logistics performance. Literature provided some critical factors: management factor, collaboration factor, information technology factor, infrastructure factor, politics factor, financial and economic factor, end-of-life management practices, and logistics performance factor. A sample of 67 professionals from the public pharmaceutical care process answered a structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed using partial least square-structural equation modeling. The theoretical structural test confirmed eleven out of the fifteen hypotheses considered. The results have indicated that end-of-life management practices exert a direct influence on logistics performance. The analysis confirmed a direct effect of the information technology factor on end-of-life management practices, but not a moderation effect. Findings have contributed to the literature by providing deeper insights into the relationship between end-of-life management practices for medicines and logistics performance. Moreover, it supports health managers' decision-making in the pharmaceutical care process improvement and engagement with solid waste management policies.

SPubBin: Smart Public Bin Based on Deep Learning Waste classification An IOT system for Smart environment in Algeria

Over the past few years, Internet of things (IoT) has become one of the most important technologies of the 21st century. Nowadays, it is possible to connect different objects to the internet via embedded devices. By means of this technology, physical objects can share and collect data with minimal human contribution. In this inter-connected world, digital systems can record, monitor, and adjust each interaction between connected things. The IoT technologies support smart cities initiatives around the world in order to promote greener and safer urban environments, with cleaner air and water, and better public services and mobility. Smart environment is an inseparable part of smart cities. In our environment, wastes are objects that we put in the Bin. Waste management sorting and recycling are two central elements in the fight against climate change. Existing solid waste management policies and methods are being challenged by the exponential population expansion in urban areas. In fast-growing cities, where increasing garbage output exceeds the capacity of current facilities, the issue becomes even more difficult. Waste avoidance, recycling, reuse, and recovery are essential factors for reducing solid waste discharged in landfills, particularly in rapidly increasing cities where more sustainable management techniques are required. In smart home, effective household waste management is essential to building habitable cities however remains a challenge for many developing countries and cities. In this context, as any other important aspect of city management, a good waste disposal strategy plays a crucial role for making cities more glamorous. In this paper, a novel approach for waste sorting is proposed. Baptized SPubBin (Smart Public Bin), the presented solution is based on transfer learning, and uses, three CNNs models: VGG16, Dense201 and Resnet50. In order to validate the proposed approach, we have developed a tool supporting it.