Solid Waste Management Authority Research Articles

An identification of optimal waste disposal method for dumpsite remediation using the Fermatean fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making method.

Improperly managed wastes that have been dumped in landfills over the years pose various challenges, but they also offer potential benefits. The feasibility of recycling such waste depends on the type of wastes, the condition of dumpsites, and the technology implemented for disposal. The selection of an alternative waste disposal method from the many available options for dumpsite remediation is a complex decision-making process among experts. The primary aim of this study is to assist in an extended multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method to reduce complexity in the proposed dumpsite remediation problem influenced by multiple criteria and to identify the optimal waste disposal method. Data uncertainties are managed with the proposed Fermatean fuzzy preference scale, and the importance of all socio-economic criteria is assessed using the full consistency method (FUCOM). The final ranking results of the weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) method identify that the Waste-to-Energy (WtE) process could play a significant role in the disposal of land-filled unprocessed wastes, promoting sustainable waste management. Meanwhile, the methodology explores the idea that financial and logistical constraints may limit the feasibility of large-scale recycling efforts. This combination of environmental science and decision science addresses real-world challenges, helping municipal solid waste management authorities implement sustainable waste management practices.

A Study of Waste Generation Prediction using Correlation and Multiple Regression Analyses

Today, governments, policymakers, and the public are deeply invested in waste generation and environmental preservation. Increased volumes of waste generation continue unabated due mainly to rapid population increase, urban migration, economic enhancements, and modern lifestyles. Two significant factors contributing directly to the higher waste generation volumes are population and gross domestic product (GDP). In Phase 1 of this study, a correlation analysis with a Pearson coefficient of more than 93% (r > 0.93) shows a strong positive linear relationship between the amount of waste generation and population and GDP. Phase 2 provides a multiple regression analysis and the development of a regression model. They indicate that a 1-unit increment in waste generation is caused by 0.06 of the population and 0.119 of GDP while ßo remains constant at 124.449. Therefore, the multiple regression model in this study can be applied by solid waste management authorities in Malaysia to forecast future waste generation volumes accurately. However, further investigation on other significant factors is suggested for future work to develop a holistic model for solid waste management in Malaysia.

Knowledge of Community Members of Ali Raza Abad Regarding the Role of Government Authorities and Non Government Organization in Solid Waste Management

Communities have the prime responsibility to reduce the quantity of waste generated; the segregation of waste for this community should have proper knowledge regarding solid waste management. Objectives: To assess knowledge about the role of solid waste management authority, and NGOs in solid waste management in Lahore. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A questionnaire was designed for this study to gather data from participants. The items of the questionnaire were generated from the literature, and from formal conversations with experts. Results: In this study 91% replied that NGOs were not functioning in the Ali Raza Abad Lahore community. Do the community Stakeholders arrange the awareness program regarding solid waste management in your community, 93% replied no. Conclusions: The conclusion this study was that mostly were don’t know their role regarding solid waste management, the role of the NGOs, and the role of solid waste management authority. The conclusion this study was that mostly were don’t know their role regarding solid waste management, the role of the NGOs, and the role of solid waste management authority. The solid is waste need to urgently manage. People of the community have lack of knowledge about who is the responsible for the solid waste. This is very broad issue which made a source of many other problems that have fatal effect on health as well as whole life.

Correlation Analysis and Multilinear Regression Model for Prediction on Solid Waste Generation in Malaysia

Increased volumes of solid waste generation continue unabated due mainly to rapid population increase, urban migration, economic enhancements, and modern lifestyles. Two significant factors contributing directly to the higher volumes of solid waste generation are population and gross domestic product (GDP). In Phase 1 of this study, a correlation analysis with a Pearson coefficient of more than 93% (r > 0.93) shows a strong positive linear relationship between the amount of solid waste generation and population and GDP. Phase 2 provides a multilinear regression analysis and the development of a regression model. They indicate that a 1-unit increment in the amount of solid waste generation is caused by 0.06 of the population and 0.119 of GDP while ßo remains constant at 124.449. Therefore, the multilinear regression model in this study can be applied by solid waste management authorities in Malaysia to accurately forecast future solid waste generation volumes. However, further investigation on other significance factors are suggested for future work in order to develop a holistic model for solid waste management in Malaysia.

Environmental Management in cities: A Perspective from the Akure Solid Waste Management Authority, Ondo State, Nigeria.

Management of wastes which is a part of the daily activities of man is an important aspect of environmental management. Over the years, there have been concerted efforts made towards adequately solving the problems created by improper waste management and disposal in Nigeria cities. This study, appraises environmental management in cities; a perspective from the Ondo state Waste Management Authority (OSWMA) Akure. The broad objectives of this study are to identify types of wastes managed by OSWMA, describe the attitude and role of residents (household) toward solid waste management, and examine the possible constraints faced by OSWMA, Akure in the discharge of their duties. Samples were drawn from the total number of OSWMA staff and clients served by the authority in the core, transition and peripheral districts of Akure. 53 questionnaires were administered to the staff representing 10% of the total number of staff while 324 questionnaires representing 1% of residents were administered, collated and analyzed using SPSS version 19. The results of the analysis, revealed that majority (81.1%) of the staff respondents opined that the type of waste managed by the Authority is solid waste; using the door to door method of solid waste collection as submitted by 54.5% of the staff. On the other hand, majority of the households’ respondents (81.4%) expressed willingness to pay for service rendered by the authority. Findings also revealed that poor funding was the main constraints faced by the authority. The study therefore recommends proper funding, provision of equipment and facilities needed for smooth running of the authority in order to ensure effective collection and management of waste in the study area.

A Review of Solid Waste Management Strategies in Nigeria

The global population and increased urbanization have resulted in the increased production of municipal solid waste, thus, becoming a critical issue as a result of its poor management and inappropriate disposal. This is particularly the case of developing countries. This study assessed Solid Waste Management (SWM) strategies commonly adopted by different state waste management Authorities in Nigeria with a view to develop a sustainable roadmap for the management of solid waste in Nigeria. It assessed the Traditional Solid Waste Management Strategy (TSWMS), Waste Minimisation Strategy (WMS) as well as the Technological Strategy (TcS) employed, laying focus on their challenges and benefits. The study depended on a desktop study approach; hence, data were obtained from secondary data as the main source of information with emphasis on published journals, conference papers, newspaper posts and statutory reports from government agencies relevant to the current study. Results from the review showed that waste management across various parts of Nigeria is poor, interwoven with several challenges at all phase of the management process with little benefits recorded on alternative SWM strategy. The reason for the low success rate of some of this management strategies were noted as; increase in population, area covered, increase in urbanization and industrialization, tenure of government, over dependence on government authorities for waste management, finance and other factors of the environment. Although most waste authorities rely heavily on the TSWMS, WMS and the TcS showed a better and promising alternative strategy when inculcated into the already existing strategy. Based on this finding, a roadmap for the actualization of a sustainable integrated solid waste management strategy was recommended for adaptation and adoption by the Nigerian SWM Authorities and Agencies. Keywords: Nigeria, Solid Waste Management, Traditional Solid Waste Management Strategy, Waste Minimisation Strategy, Technological Strategy, Waste Authorities. DOI: 10.7176/JEES/10-6-11 Publication date: June 30 th 2020

English

Waste management authorities have adopted different strategies at different times in managing waste in Nigeria. In spite of the various efforts put in place, municipal solid waste remains one of the most conspicuous and repugnant environmental problems that threaten the Nigerian city. This paper examines the challenges and opportunities of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) in residential solid waste management in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data for the study were obtained from the Oyo State Solid Waste Management Authority (OYOWMA). Findings revealed that the commonly-generated wastes were organic wastes and there existed a mismatch between waste generation and collection. Between 2012 and 2015, city waste managers collected and transported 2,411,145.78 metric tonnes of waste to the four dumpsites in Ibadan. The dumpsites’ locations were sub-optimal, surrounded by sprawling neighbourhoods due to inadequacy in urban planning and enforcement of development control. This has adverse effects on the well-being of residents. Municipal solid waste management is capital-intensive and the decline in budgetary allocations to waste management necessitated the PPP user-charges arrangement. This intervention notwithstanding, indiscriminate dumping of wastes continued to be cheap means of disposing of solid wastes, with implications for drainage system and flooding. Waste sorting, recycling and conversion should be given adequate consideration and the informal waste managers should be mainstreamed into the urban waste management architecture.    Key words: Private waste contractors, Oyo State Solid Waste Management Authority, residential solid waste, informal waste collectors, dumpsite, Ibadan. &nbsp

A Study on Solid Waste Generation of Household and Potential of Resource Recovery in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Rapid population growth in Dhaka has resulted in excess generation of solid waste. Present solid waste management authority of Dhaka City Corporation is struggling to manage this huge amount of waste properly as there is no framework on solid waste management. The purpose of this work is to identify the present waste generation per person (Kg/person/day) in a housing society of Dhaka city and possible resource recovery potential of solid waste of the area so that the correspondent authority can have a scope of finding a framework for effective management of solid waste. The survey was conducted in 100 households of Mirpur Defense Officers’ Housing Society, (DOHS) Dhaka. These households were classified into five groups according to monthly income ranging from 60,000 BDT to 160,000 BDT. The total population of the area was around 15,000. Average waste generation was found 0.74 Kg/person/ day. Around 11.10 tons of solid waste was generated per day and major fraction was food waste (on average 69.90%). About 226 Kilograms of solid waste can easily be achievable for using as compost component every day. Possible energy recovery from generated waste was equivalent to 3428.70 Kwh of electricity per day

English

The population growth in many urban cities and its activities in developing countries have resulted in an increased solid waste generation rate, an important issue. In the process of solid waste management system; collection and transport play a leading role in waste collection and disposal in which, collection activities contributed the most of total cost that is paid for solid waste collection activities by city‟s citizen and transport activities are required 60-70% of total cost that is the total expenditures spent on the transport, transfer, disposal and treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) by city authorities. Hence optimizations of routing system, systematization of collection, transport and transfer activities are the important components for an effective MSW management system. This project describes the current problems and the improvement of the waste management activities in a city of Davanagere. An integrated solid waste management assessment model is proposed and used as a decision support tool by municipal solid waste management authorities for daily efficient operations such as collection/transport path management, load balancing within vehicles, fuel consumption management by using GIS application. In addition, a simple optimal routing model is proposed to achieve the minimum cost/distance/time efficient collection and transport path for municipal solid waste management

Optimisation of solid waste collection routes using Premium Solver Platform

This study illustrates the application of Premium Solver Platform software to optimise tours for the collection of municipal solid waste. Data required for optimisation was obtained from the municipal solid waste management authority, field studies and digitised map of a study area. Thereafter the optimisation problem was formulated as a travelling salesman problem (TSP) on Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The solver engine of the software generated optimal result for the TSP in less than 1 minute for each computer run and the output in eight out of ten routes showed reduction in the tour distance by 0.98 to 14.61%. This reduction could in turn decrease time, costs and emissions associated with collection operation. The method proposed in this study can also generate accurate decisions within a short period for large routing problems especially in mega cities.

Energy from Residuals – Comparing Anaerobic Digestion to Drying/Gasification Model

ABSTRACT This paper reports on results from a biosolids management study conducted for the Susquehanna Water Pollution Control Facility (SWPCF) operated by Lancaster Area Sewer Authority (LASA) of Pennsylvania. The facility currently co-settles waste activated sludge (WAS) with primary solids. The blended residuals are dewatered by a centrifuge and then are stabilized to Class B using quick lime. A portion of the final Class B product (25% TS in average) is land-applied on local farms by a contractor, and the remainder is landfilled at the Lancaster County Solid Waste Management Authority (LCSWMA) Landfill In 2008, approximately 7,800 wet tons were landfilled and almost same amount was land applied. Faced with re-negotiating their long term landfilling contract and the prospect of increasing costs, LASA wanted to investigate alternative treatment processes and end-uses, considering public health, environmental sustainability, flexibility, as well as cost-effectiveness. The study started with a broad list of alternatives for biosolids management. The list was narrowed down by a screening process involving a weighted scoring/ranking system to develop a “short list” for full evaluation. A “market-back” end-use analysis of the various biosolids products generated by each alternative helped to shape the ranking/scoring process in terms of public health and sustainability. An economic analysis was done for each of the “short-listed” alternatives (process trains) in order to determine the 20-year life cycle costs (LCC) of each. The top two alternatives based on the 20-year LCC, Anaerobic digestion with co-generation and gasification with power production, are substantially different with respect to energy generation, final products and approach to sustainability. This paper will explain the selection process step-by-step, while highlighting these differences.

Extending United Haulers to Fit Davis: Tax Exemptions as a Downstream 'Flow Control' Device

Kentucky, like most states, exempts from state income taxation the interest income on municipal bonds issued by Kentucky and her political subdivisions. Interest on out-of-state municipal bonds is fully taxable under Kentucky law. Does this disparity in state income tax treatment violate the dormant Commerce Clause? In Davis v. Kentucky, the Kentucky Court of Appeals said yes. The United States Supreme Court will review Davis during the October 2007 Term. The outcome in Davis is likely to turn on whether the Court decides to extend its recent decision in United Haulers Association, Inc. v. Oneida-Herkimer Solid Waste Management Authority, 127 S. Ct. 1786 (2007). There, the Court decided that when a government regulates to favor its own market participation undertaken to perform a governmental function, and when it is motivated by legitimate interests and not economic protectionism, the government does not discriminate against interstate commerce as long as all private competitors are treated identically. Professors Yale and Galle argue, in Municipal Bonds and the Dormant Commerce Clause After United Haulers, 115 Tax Notes 1037 (2007), that the Court should affirm the Kentucky Court of Appeals. United Haulers is inapplicable, they say, because Kentucky is discriminating not against private competitors, but against similarly-situated public competitors who also sell municipal bonds. Kentucky's tax exemption is thus protectionist and unconstitutional. I believe the Court will take a different view. When Kentucky enters the capital market to borrow funds, it is engaged in a traditional governmental function. Kentucky's tax exemption is not protectionist; it advances a legitimate government interest in having an adequate supply of capital to finance public works. The Court will extend United Haulers for two reasons. First, United Haulers implicitly sanctions this outcome. Second, the Court will see no need for a different result just because public competitors are disadvantaged.

Propiedades químicas y físicas de dos suelos tropicales tratados con com posta de cieno sanitario

Se realizó un estudio para evaluar el efecto de aplicaciones de composta de cieno sanitario en un Mollisol y un Ultisol de Puerto Rico. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron los siguientes: control (0 composta), 37, 74, y 148 t/ha/ año, a ser aplicados durante un periodo de tres años. Se incluyó un tratamiento consistente de una sola aplicación de 445 t/ha para comparar el efecto de aplicaciones masivas vs. aplicaciones secuenciales. Los resultados aquí presentados corresponden exclusivamente a datos obtenidos durante el primer año del proyecto. La composta se obtuvo de la planta de composta de cienos sanitarios de la Autoridad de Desperdicios Sólidos de Puerto Rico en Arecibo. Dicho material resultó ser predominantemente inorgánico y alto en sales solubles, lo cual afectó la calidad del producto. Las aplicaciones de composta causaron un aumento significativo en el pH de los suelos. Los efectos fueron más marcados en el Ultisol (Corozal arcilloso) donde el pH aumentó de 4.55 en el control a 6.45 con el nivel más bajo de composta. La conductividad eléctrica de los suelos aumentó significativamente con aplicaciones de composta, acercándose en algunos casos a los límites considerados detrimentales para el crecimiento de los cultivos. Los niveles de materia orgánica en los suelos también aumentaron significativamente lo cual causó una mejoría en la capacidad de retención de agua de los suelos. La contribución de nitrógeno al suelo por la composta fue mínima. Sin embargo, se observaron aumentos significativos en los niveles de fósforo de ambos suelos. Las aplicaciones de composta causaron aumentos significativos en los niveles de metales (i.e., Cu, Zn, Cd, Cr, Fe) extraíbles por EDTA. Sin embargo, elementos regulados por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental Federal (e.g., Cd, Pb, Cr) se añadieron a niveles muy inferiores a los límites establecidos, por lo que no representaron riesgo.