Solid Waste In City Research Articles

The impact of circular economy strategies on municipal waste management: A system dynamics approach

The low levels of reuse and recycling of solid waste in cities in developing countries can be attributed to decision-making processes with sub investment that do not consider waste streams, recovery capacities, and potential for recycling. This is due to a lack of understanding of the systemic structure of urban waste management.This article presents the development of a model of an urban waste management system that integrates decisions based on strategies that close cycles, belonging to the concept of a circular economy. These strategies aim to increase the potential use of organic waste, plastics, and glass.The model was built using the Systems Dynamics methodology, which allows obtaining mathematical models for the study and observation of trends and future scenarios of complex systems. The model is made up of three modules: health, financial, and circular economy. The strategies evaluated and compared in the simulation environment were: Economic incentives at the price of the material used; Increase in waste sorting capacity; Increase in the capacity to use waste.Methodologically, novel mathematical representations were achieved for the estimation of the useful life of sanitary landfills. Likewise, a mathematical formulation was found for the automatic evaluation of the efficiency in the capacity to use different wastes, which allows to know the need for investment or increase of capacity to use the type of waste evaluated.Using novel mathematical representations, this study achieved a methodological breakthrough in estimating the useful life of sanitary landfills and waste transformation efficiency. These representations also enable the automatic evaluation of how effectively different types of waste can be utilized. This information can then be used to determine the need for investment in, or expansion of, the capacity to handle specific waste types or to increase the overall waste collection capacity of the city.

Fostering Community-Led Waste Management Through Dynamic Governance: A Case Study of Batam City

Effective city solid waste management has become a critical issue for communities globally due to the rapid pace of urbanization and increasing environmental concerns. The convergence of economic development and environmental preservation in Batam City, Indonesia, has underscored the necessity for inventive waste management approaches. This study examines the impact of dynamic governance and community empowerment in addressing the intricate waste issue in Batam City. The research uses a qualitative approach to investigate the underlying reasons for waste management difficulties. It investigates how adaptive governance might improve stakeholder cooperation and decision-making based on facts. Effective policy implementation relies on public interaction, yet meaningful participation remains difficult. Prior research suggests that individuals are more inclined to engage in matters that directly impact them, and ambiguous implementation protocols and a lack of confidence in political establishments frequently hinder community engagement in environmental policy. The waste management techniques in Batam City are conventional and inefficient due to limited government resources, highlighting the necessity for a more comprehensive strategy. The study's results indicate that implementing dynamic governance, which involves the flexibility to adapt and collaborate with stakeholders, can enhance waste management procedures. In addition, applying social capital theory can facilitate community empowerment, leading to a heightened sense of ownership and active engagement in waste management initiatives. Communities can enhance the effectiveness and durability of waste management systems by utilizing social networks, trust, and shared standards. This study emphasizes the significance of integrating inventive governance approaches with community-led efforts to tackle urban trash issues and advance sustainable development in Batam City.

Integrated Urban Solid Waste Management: Knowledge, Practices, and Implementation

The current study sets out to ascertain the residents of Kabankalan City's degree of solid waste management knowledge, practices, and implementation. This further established the relationship between their knowledge, practices, and degree of solid waste management program implementation. The researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess solid waste management practices and program implementation, while a modified version of the questionnaire from the study by Trondillo, et al. (2018) was utilized to assess knowledge levels. For the study, 365 residents of Kabankalan City were chosen at random. The primary analysis employed in this inquiry was the Pearson r correlation. According to the findings, locals have a fundamental grasp of and a modest level of practice with solid waste management. The city's solid waste management program was only partially implemented. Last but not least, the amount of knowledge and implementation was substantially correlated with the residents' solid waste management practices.

Citizen involvement in reducing end-of-life product waste in Mexico City

Citizen involvement initiatives are being implemented to facilitate the collection of end-of-life returns and to assist local governments in reducing waste generation and diverting waste from landfills. Three initiatives in Mexico City have been significant for many years in diverting recyclables, e-waste, and batteries from landfills: the comprehensive deposit return system (CDRE), e-waste donation and recycling (EWDR), and deposit batteries for diversion (DBD). Previous studies have generally described Mexico City's solid waste management practices and influencing factors, but they have not explored the relevance of the initiatives for waste diversion. Motivated by this, this study evaluated the impact of the citizen involvement initiatives from 2007 to 2021 using official Mexico City government data for 189 campaigns. An overview of the initiatives was presented, followed by assessing their yield by waste type and region, trend detection of waste diversion data using linear regression and the non-parametric Mann-Kendall tests, carbon emission reductions, and determining the challenges and future actions. The findings indicated that: (1) the annual average waste diversion potential reached up to 263.63 t, reducing carbon emissions by approximately 304.02 t CO2-eq; (2) the waste diversion has progressively grown by 65 %, with a significant upward trend; (3) recyclable electrical and electronic waste were the most abundant fraction, accounting for 63 % of the total, and packaging waste was the least; and (4) the contribution of the EWDR collection initiative in waste diversion was higher than CDRE and DBD. Finally, we noticed that despite their success, the total quantity of resources collected represents only a small portion of citywide recycling, necessitating large-scale local campaign deployments for improved waste diversion. These findings can assist waste management stakeholders in evaluating the contribution of current citizen involvement initiatives and guide them in developing better strategies for leveraging the potential of these initiatives to benefit the circular economy and sustainable waste management.

Gwal Pahari Acid: Isolation, Characterization of a new Soil Based Plant Growth Promoting Humic Acid

There are many “Save the Soil” movements highlighting the degradation of the soil due to excessive use of fertilizers, ground water contamination and environmental pollution. An alternative strategy is the use of humic acids from Organic Matter (OM) in soils. Humic acids help grow better vegetables, quality fruits like (peas, potatoes, tomatoes, pomegranates, mangoes), cereals, and pulses. These create supramolecular self– assemblies capable of retaining water and not allowing loss of minerals and ions. Humic acids isolated from soil, lignite and city solid waste are emerging as attractive sources for developing value added products from them. There is much interest in exploiting the commercial aspects in the energy sector of the economy as these new technologies could help in cleaning the environment as well.
 In this paper, the isolation of a new humic acid from the soil of Gwal Pahari, Gurgaon, Haryana, India is described. This water soluble, Ninhydrin positive Gwal Pahari Acid (GPA) contains thirteen chiral centers and contains both partly rigid and dynamic systems capable of exhibiting pseudo rotation. The proposed structure of this new humic acid is based on spectroscopic studies (e.g. FT-IR, UV-visible spectroscopy), detailed mass spectrometry, and very challenging 1H- NMR and 2D-NMR studies. Ion leakage studies on Arabidopsis thaliana have shown that the new compound provides protection to the plant, and greenhouse studies demonstrate that Gwal Pahari Acid brings about substantial growth in the tomato plant.

Impact Assessment on Air Quality around Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management Plant in Hyderabad

The menace of environmental pollution due to improper municipal solid waste management (MSWM) has been enduring the human world still it is growing due to enormous growth of industries in the developing countries. Currently 2.0 billion tonnes per year of MSW is generating. Solid Waste Management process includes the collection, conveyance, segregation, treatment and disposal. Various municipal Solid waste treatment (landfilling, incineration, open burning) processes which emits the hazardous Greenhouse gases &affects Environment and Human health. This study has made an attempt on collection of data about various process involved in treatment of Hyderabad Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management (HIMSWM) done by Ramky group PvtLtd and its impact on air. During 2018 national cleanliness survey was conducted in that Hyderabad ranked first out of 4,203 cities in Solid Waste Management. GHMC, the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation, is responsible for the city's Solid Waste Management function. Hyderabad ranks among the top 5 cities in India in Solid Waste generation. In these processes Landfilling is one of the major municipal solid wastes (MSW) disposal methods practiced all over the world. Although it is considered as the most cost-effective means of waste disposal, but there are poor management practices specially in developing countries like India are the major causes of environmental pollution. Recently several studies has been carried out for the better understanding of the effects of landfill pollution on human health as well on the environment. Toxic gas emissions from landfills like Methane, NOx, SO2, VOC’s, CO2, PM, HC, pose a serious threat to both the environment and human health. Some studies has shown that the toxic gases released from landfill sites are even responsible for the lung and heart diseases in humans beings. Landfills also generate a toxic soup known as leachate, formed when the waste is subjected to biological and physiochemical transformation process. Leachate is highly toxic and causes the land and groundwater pollution. This study focus the impact on air due to landfills, and the challenges faced in the current scenario, and the possible measures that can be taken to deal with the problem of municipal solid waste management treatment

Community waste management and its health impact on Obalende and Lafiaji Villages of Lagos Island

Managing municipal solid waste in cities has become a serious challenge which could result in the accumulation of heavy metals in the environment. Against this background, the municipal solid waste management practices in peri-urban communities (Obalende and Lafiaji Village) of Lagos Island and the impact of heavy metals in soil were studied. This study aims at examining the present municipal waste management practices in Lagos Islandandhowthey can beimproved upon. Random sampling was used to administer 100 questionnaires to household while the different heavy metal concentrations in the soil samples were determined using Buck 200 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). About 58 % of the respondents are aware of solid waste management while LAWMA (50%) and Cart pushers (40%) were the two main options for waste disposal. The wastes were mainly composed of food wastes, plastics/pet bottles and nylon. Although majority of the respondents (67%) have a waste bin/bag assigned to their houses, about 74% do not sort their wastes. The concentrations of the heavy metals (Co, Zn, Ni, and Mn) in the soil samples were higher in Obalende and Lafiaji village, where wastes were dumped indiscriminately on roadsides. SWOT analysis revealed the need for improving environmental awareness in order to minimize the threat of low sorting of wastes. Also, opportunities exist for recycling plastics/pet bottles and nylon while wastes from food materials could benefit agriculture through composing. This study suggests that more environmental awareness, policies and better administration are needed to improve the status of waste management in peri-urban communities of Lagos Island.

Biological Treatment of Municipal Solid Waste in Erode Corporation, Tamilanadu, India

In this article, we see the limit of utilising different city solid waste streams as feedstock for effective power energy creation. These waste streams include ordinarily degradable waste, yet are not limited to mixed burnable waste, versatile and plastic waste, clinical waste with benefits, normal biodegradable waste, biomass, and sewage grime. Current advancements such as anaerobic dealing, gasification, and pyrolysis have been investigated in close proximity to the area and waste stream sums in the chosen test region.It was seen that there are run of the mill, social and monetary benefits in the waste to energy approach for the waste streams kept an eye out for. The reachability of executing such advances is, on an exceptionally fundamental level, dependent upon the fundamental capital hypothesis and the important cost of the work space. Various factors blend the size of the waste stream, the cost of things, and deals. The quick urbanisation and change in lifestyle has increased the waste weight and, as required, ruining loads on the metropolitan environment to unmanageable and upsetting degrees. This assessment revelation embraced existing to foster waste dumping fights are fully past their end and under unsanitary conditions, impelling defiling of water sources, augmentation of vectors of communicable contamination, foul smells and aromas, the appearance of disastrous metabolites, sedative environment and imperfection, etc.

Value-Added Products From Soil, Brown Coal, and Composted City Solid Waste

This review article highlights alternative innovative uses of soil, brown coal, and composted solid city waste. The latter leads to environmental pollution, which can be addressed by using these materials to generate value-added products. Humic substances present there can be isolated in large amounts and used in diverse fields like sustainable agriculture, horticulture, biomedicine, and materials science. These have been shown to be non-toxic and safe for humans and serve as growth promotants for plants and to cure stomach ailments. The recent discovery of their antiviral/anti-HIV-AIDS activity is described here in some detail. The use of humic substances for making dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and for preparing a catalyst for reduction and for oxidation processes is also highlighted. Such innovative uses of humic substances can lead to environmental cleaning and positively impact climate change.

Smart-City Regulation

Consider that 26.3 million people live in Shanghai and 20 million live in Beijing as of 2019. Now consider that these 46.3 million people live within an area of approximately 23,000 km². By comparison, Canada’s population in 2019 was 37.6 million and the area of Canada is approximately 10 million km². China is on the leading edge of smart-city projects because population density gives it little choice. China must take bold steps in terms of both technology and regulation to cope with the demands for social management, which these megacities create. Accordingly, about half of the Smart City Projects globally are in China. 
 Many smart cities pilot projects are underway across China addressing many infrastructures and other organizational concerns. One such organizational concern is coping with the solid waste generated in cities. China produces more than 300 million tons of solid waste per year, and much of it comes from its cities.
 
 This research project explores China's food and beverage delivery online platforms and the waste they cause. In 2019, this industry has developed rapidly, generating economic activity valued at ¥ 653.6 billion that year ($CAD 121 billion). Out of a total population of 1.4 billion, 460 million people are currently consumers of these online platforms. Most of these consumers live in China’s megacities. This consumption is not projected to decrease post-pandemic. The problem is that solid waste from this industry in 2019 weighed approximately 2.7 million tons.
 
 This paper analyzes reasons why the online food take-out industry has caused a plastic waste surge from the perspective of China's environmental legislation, law enforcement efficiency, and recycling subsidies. At the same time, through the case study of the German Packaging Law, this paper suggested on the management and recycling of Chinese take-out packaging were put forward.
 
 The Chinese government has issued national standards for the design and construction of smart cities. This paper explores how to use legal governance and supervision in smart city design and operation to assist in implementing environmental regulations to control the take-out waste. The take-out waste problem does not only exist in China. Almost all major cities in the world are facing this problem. China's experiences may provide a new path for the city's solid waste disposal and other environmental issues and lead the cities to explore more environmental protection possibilities.

Does Effective Policy Implementation Affect Municipal Solid Waste Management in Bandung?

Does Effective Policy Implementation Affect Municipal Solid Waste Management in Bandung?

Urban Strategies Enabling Industrial and Urban Symbiosis: The Case of Slovenia

Industrial symbiosis (IS) recognizes the exchange of waste resources and by-products between companies that do not normally cooperate in resource exchange; on the other hand, urban symbiosis (UrS) recognizes the use of solid waste in cities as input sources for industries that do not normally accept these sources. It is difficult to realize both in a pre-planned process, and there are few successful initiatives based on the exchange of waste and energy. The main objective of this research is to find out whether there are urban strategies that support the emergence, existence and development of IS and/or UrS in Slovenia. National documents, networks, projects, programs, and national statistical sources were examined. The Integrated Sustainable Urban Development Strategies (ISUSD) for eleven cities and municipalities were reviewed against ten selected indicators. The main findings are that there is intense awareness raising on IS and UrS, and adequate overall legislative support, aligned with EU legislation. Nevertheless, there has been surprisingly less waste conversion to energy recovery since 2010. The reuse of by-products either for energy or new products is non-existent or negligible. Selected main urban strategies for cities in Slovenia are far from setting more concrete guidelines for the development of IS and/or UrS. In the future, more successful integration of IS and UrS is possible in the context of regeneration development of brownfield sites.

Identification Types of the Marine Debris and Factors Related them in Semarang City

Beach waste pollution can have an impact on human health in these areas. Beach waste data is needed to determine the solution for preventing beach/marine pollution. This study aims to estimate beach waste density, identify types of beach waste and factors of beach waste distribution in Semarang. The method used was descriptive observational with a cross-sectional research design. The sample was determined by purposive sampling and available 7 points of beach spread over four districts at Semarang. Beach waste samples took at each beach along 100m the width adjusts to the beach's width. The highest beach waste was found on Baruna Beach (North Semarang), with a total of 3,243 waste (227.4 kg). Moreover, the lowest beach waste was found on Mangkang Kulon (Tugu), with a total of 711 pieces of waste (63kg). From the 7 sample points of the beach, the average density of waste is 5.3 kg/m². Most waste types are plastics and woods. The different levels of waste on the beach area due to wind patterns and tidal conditions. This study's conclusion is the dominant factors of the beach waste levels are the pattern of wind, seawater currents, and density of river flow waste, while population density and urban economic growth affect the level of the city solid waste.

Rethinking of the Solid Waste Management System of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Municipal solid waste management is an important component of urban services that is often handled by local governments. Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia faces rapid urbanization leading to overcrowding and the development of shantytowns and poor neighborhoods. The general aim of this study was to appraise the present dry waste service provision of Addis Ababa. This study used an integrative literature review method with critical analysis to investigate the current solid waste management status in Addis Ababa. The results of this study show that the delivery of the service does not keep pace with the city's solid waste generation and the city's municipal disposal of solid waste is found in actual, low status and spatial coverage. This humble status of city garbage management is also heightened by three critical factors, i.e. poor institutional structure, inadequate disposal site and transfer station, and poor households' solid waste handling practices. Besides, the city households dominantly created decomposable solid wastes (60%) through generation amount of 0.45 kg/person/day and the main source are residential wastes, which account for 76% of the total waste. The sudy concluded that, the main problem with the incompetence of this sector in the city was the lack of trained labor and inadequate service delivery. In order to improve the status, there should be awareness creation, improvement of the city government, and implementation of an incorporated method to the management of metropolitan solid waste that respects and involves all stakeholders in the metropolis.

Rethinking of the Solid Waste Management System of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Municipal solid waste management is an important component of urban services that is often handled by local governments. Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia faces rapid urbanization leading to overcrowding and the development of shantytowns and poor neighborhoods. The general aim of this study was to appraise the present dry waste service provision of Addis Ababa. This study used an integrative literature review method with critical analysis to investigate the current solid waste management status in Addis Ababa. The results of this study show that the delivery of the service does not keep pace with the city's solid waste generation and the city's municipal disposal of solid waste is found in actual, low status and spatial coverage. This humble status of city garbage management is also heightened by three critical factors, i.e. poor institutional structure, inadequate disposal site and transfer station, and poor households' solid waste handling practices. Besides, the city households dominantly created decomposable solid wastes (60%) through generation amount of 0.45 kg/person/day and the main source are residential wastes, which account for 76% of the total waste. The sudy concluded that, the main problem with the incompetence of this sector in the city was the lack of trained labor and inadequate service delivery. In order to improve the status, there should be awareness creation, improvement of the city government, and implementation of an incorporated method to the management of metropolitan solid waste that respects and involves all stakeholders in the metropolis.

Sustainability of waste bank and contribution of waste management

The challenges facing the city solid waste management (SWM) are increasing and complex because, in a new paradigm, solid waste is not only an environmental issue but also an economic and social issue. Therefore, the involvement of all stakeholders both the government and non-government in SWM is crucial. One of the roles of society as a part of city waste management is through the waste bank. This research is carried out by using a mix methods approach, for mapping and identifying the existing condition of the waste bank, a quantitative method is used and for designing waste bank development, a qualitative approach is used. Data collections were carried out by cluster purposive sampling method and to design the development of WB was done by a focus group interview. The result of this research shows that waste bank contributes to reducing recyclable waste up to 99,3 tons per day or 6,7% of the total generation of waste. To ensure sustainability, the waste bank must be integrated both in municipal waste management and in economic activities that affect the circular economy and the governments must pay attention of finance (incentives), procurement of facilities and infrastructure, as well as human resources training.

Estimativa do aproveitamento energético de resíduos sólidos urbanos com o auxílio de processos biológicos

O crescente número de resíduos sólidos urbanos nas cidades, estão resultando em grandes problemas para as administrações públicas. Atualmente cerca de 58% dos resíduos coletados no Brasil são enviados para aterros sanitários, e 42% são destinados a locais inadequados. O problema não está relacionado somente com área apropriada para o depósito desses resíduos, mas com a produção natural de metano, gás muito mais prejudicial ao meio ambiente do que o próprio dióxido de carbono, porém com alto poder calorífico. Este trabalho buscou construir, através de métodos de análise estatística, um modelo que possibilite prever a produção de biogás em um aterro sanitário. Foram realizadas simulações, utilizando-se de parâmetros da literatura, que possuem características de distribuições gaussianas. De acordo com as simulações, foi possível projetar um modelo hipotético que leva em consideração as variabilidades que ocorrem com os resíduos depositado em um aterro sanitário.

Environmental Risk Indices for Municipal Solid Waste in the City of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Assessing Pressure-Response Relationship

This paper based on the previous study which used DPSIR model and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to assess environmental risk from Municipal Solid Waste in the city of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, by Kazuva, et al., (2018) The DPSIR Model for Environmental Risk Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste in Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 15(8). In that study the Comprehensive Environmental Risk Index-(CERI) was categorised into five major indices of drivers-pressure-state-impact-response, as simulated from the model. Despite that each index contributed significantly to the CERI, pressure and response indices have been found with peculiar features. While pressure index showed the greatest influence to the alarming state of environmental pollution, response index found with dictating power to the trend of other indices. Therefore, this study intends to present the relationship between pressure and response indices from the established environmental risk indicator system, by using the experts’ questionnaires method and the AHP. Analysis was done by computing trend of the two indices in the period of 12 years (2006-2017). Literally, pressure and response indices have been found with opposing tendencies for the entire period of assessment. The response index with all its subordinates have continued found with a controlling power over pressure index. It slows down the risk value for pressure index, thus withholding the ERI from reaching the critical point (>0.8). However, this power has not been effective and sufficient to suppress the entire pressure which was constantly increasing in upward trend, somewhat threatening ecological environment and human health in urban setting.

An experimental study on the microstructure and triaxial shear of structured clay in contact with landfill leachate

City solid waste stock has exceeded 8 billion tons in China, and the output and coverage area of solid waste are increasing daily. Landfill leachate can be generated during biodegradation of disposed and stored solid waste. Leachate contains high concentrations of organic mixtures and heavy metal ions. Natural undisturbed soil has high anti-seepage capacity and its permeability coefficient is less than 1 × 10−7 cm/s in underlying stratum, which can delay leachate contamination of the environment surrounding a landfill site. However, undisturbed soil exhibits certain structural characteristics. After long-term leachate corrosion, leachate leakage will inevitably influence the stability of stratum underlying a landfill. In this study, the mechanical characteristics of undisturbed clay under the actions of landfill leachate and stress were analyzed via a consolidated-undrained triaxial shear test. Comprehensive microstructure laboratory tests, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and laser particle size tests, were performed to determine at different times the microstructure of undisturbed clay due to corrosion by landfill leachate. Experimental results indicate the strength and microstructural evolution of structured clay under the actions of landfill leachate and stress. The research results are helpful for evaluating the safety and predicting the stability of a landfill’s underlying stratum.

Progress in Preparation and Application of Organic Waste Based Activated Carbon

The organic waste of the preparation activated carbon is the city solid organic waste and agricultural waste. Organic waste with the characteristics of wide source, low price, and environmental friendly, is an ideal material for preparation of activated carbon. The research status and new progress of activated carbon were reviewed from the aspects of selection, preparation and application of activated carbon. The preparation methods of activated carbon and the new progress in the research of organic waste based activated carbon were summarized. The physical activation method, chemical activation method, chemical-physical method, and other methods were introduced. The application of the adsorption capacity of traditional activated carbon and the application of activated carbon in medicine, catalytic load and electrode materials were introduced. The future development direction of activated carbon industry was put forward.