Solid Waste Handling Research Articles

Municipal Solid Waste Management System: A Study of Aligarh City, Uttar Pradesh, India

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is a significant environmental challenge in Indian cities, including Aligarh. Inadequate handling of municipal solid waste (MSW) poses risks to public health and the environment. Studies indicate that approximately 90% of MSW in India is improperly disposed of in open dumps and landfills, leading to various ecological and health issues. A detailed examination of Aligarh's waste management system was conducted to assess the quantity, characteristics, and sustainable management options for its municipal waste. Findings from the study show that private collectors handle about 430 tons of waste per day in Aligarh, but neither residents nor collectors engage in waste segregation at the source. The combined collection efficiency of A2Z Private Limited and the Aligarh Municipal Corporation is estimated to be around 70%. Due to the high organic content in the waste, its energy potential remains untapped. Currently, about 80% of the collected waste is disposed of in open dumps, as Aligarh lacks a sanitary landfill. This study highlights the current state of municipal solid waste management in Aligarh focusing on the quantity, quality, and management strategies in Aligarh. Methodology: For this study, Aligarh, a medium-sized city with a population of roughly 8.7 lakhs, which is located 130 kilometres from Delhi, India's capital, was chosen. A thorough assessment of the literature was done to create a theoretical framework. Visits to fields were carried out to gather basic data and comprehend the city's SWMS, including interaction During interviews with several municipality employees and executives in charge of SWM and citizens of the city. A procedure was created to examine the sources, calculate the amounts, and ascertain the waste streams' makeup. Findings: Despite their best efforts, the local municipality's limited resources do not allow for the effectiveness of the solid waste management system in Aligarh. On the outskirts of the city, waste is frequently disposed of in open or low-lying regions without using the correct scientific or engineering techniques.

Adaptive reuse of waste plastic as binders in composites for sustainable construction

Effective and efficient handling of solid waste remains a significant issue, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, and densely populated urban areas. Waste plastic is identified as a major contributor to solid waste streams. This study highlighted the viable reuse of waste Linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) plastic as a binder and full replacement for cement in composite blocks. An extrusion technique was adopted to melt the plastic and mix it with the sand fillers to create a homogenous waste plastic binder composite block. Composite block samples were produced at various mixture ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 with waste plastic or cement as binder and sand as filler. The composite samples' compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, UPV, thermal conductivity, skid resistance, Cantabro mass loss, and morphology were investigated. In addition, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis of the composites were carried out. The results showed that composite blocks containing waste LLDPE plastic as binder exhibited lower compressive strength, higher flexural strength, and tensile strength, better thermal insulation, and abrasion resistance compared to composite blocks containing cement as binder. Meanwhile, the cement binder composite gave better skid resistance when the surface was wet than the waste plastic binder composite. However, the waste LLDPE plastic composite mixes considered gave compressive strength above 5 N/mm2, which is the minimum requirement for building bricks according to BS 3921: 1985.

Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of Hospital Waste Management at Capital’s Health Care Facility, Pakistan

The improper disposal of solid waste, particularly in developing countries, poses significant threats to the natural environment and public health, leading to increased pollution and disease prevalence. Hospital-generated solid waste, characterized by its heightened toxicity and contagion potential, further exacerbates these risks when mismanaged. This study undertakes an evaluation of the solid waste management (SWM) practices implemented at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS) Hospital in Islamabad, with a specific focus on assessing their impact on the staff responsible for SWM. The data collection process encompasses on-site visits to check and compare the hospital wastes data available athospital servers as well as by the structured questionnaires. According to the gathered data, PIMS Hospital generates an annual total of 61,030 kilograms of hazardous waste and 254,866.9 kilograms of non-hazardous waste. Given its status as the capital's healthcare facility, PIMS Hospital maintains a well-established and satisfactorily functioning standard of SWM system. This system includes the segregation of hazardous and non-hazardous waste at the point of generation, facilitated by a color-coded scheme. Non-hazardous waste is then transported to a secure covered storage site using specialized trolleys, while hazardous waste is safely disposed of through the utilization of on-site, double-chambered incinerators. Data analysis underscores the heightened occupational risks faced by SWM personnel, including an increased likelihood of sharp injuries, and disease exposure, as well as the prevalent experience of stress and anxiety. The study's findings necessitate the imperative adoption of standardized practices for the proper handling, treatment, and disposal of solid waste by the involved staff. Furthermore, a critical recommendation arises from the need for routine health monitoring of SWM workers by qualified medical professionals through established mechanisms to mitigate the potential transmission of diseases to their family members. Such measures are paramount in safeguarding the health and well-being of both the SWM staff and the broader community.

Public administration of domestic solid waste management as a direction for the protection of consumer rights

The scientific article is devoted to the public administration of solid household waste management as a direction of consumer rights protection. Attention was drawn to the positive aspects of public administration regarding the management of solid household waste as a means of protecting consumer rights (for example, in the Dnipropetrovsk region): the existence of the National Waste Management Strategy in Ukraine until 2030; availability of a regulatory and legislative framework in the field of management and handling of solid household waste; availability of "Methodical recommendations for the development of regional waste management plans”; existence of a solid household waste management program in the Dnipropetrovsk region for 2022-2024; positive experience of the EU and other developed countries in the field of effective management and handling of solid household waste; the presence of a solid household waste collection and disposal system; availability of municipal solid waste landfills; availability of enterprises for processing, processing and disposal of hazardous components of solid household waste; initiation of elements of separate collection of solid household waste; gradual formation of awareness among the population regarding the need to separate resource-valuable components from the general flow of solid household waste.
 It was concluded that the problematic issues in public administration regarding the handling of solid household waste as a direction of consumer rights protection (for example, in the Dnipropetrovsk region): the tendency to increase the scale of generation and accumulation of solid household waste; lack of a systematic approach to creating effective management and handling of solid household waste; insufficient funding of solid waste management and management; low level of implementation of previous regional solid waste management and handling programs; low level of utilization of resource-valuable components of solid household waste; lack of waste transfer stations and waste processing enterprises, etc.

Sustainable solid waste management challenges in hill cities of developing Countries: Insights from eastern Himalayan smart cities of Sikkim, India

Rapid urbanization and the growing tourism industry in the Himalayan region have raised significant concerns about the sustainable handling and management of solid waste in the area. This concern is particularly pronounced in the unique and vulnerable ecosystem of cities nestled in the eastern Indian Himalayas, where geography, ecology, and socio-economic factors converge to create distinctive challenges. This study undertakes a thorough investigation of solid waste management practices and challenges in two smart cities nestled in the eastern Himalayan region of India, specifically Gangtok and Namchi. The primary objective was to unveil the complex challenges confronting these cities by conducting an in-depth exploration of waste management practices. This comprehensive investigation was achieved through the collection of samples, conducting surveys within each ward of the cities, and performing physicochemical characterization analyses. The study also proposes a solution-oriented approach leveraging life cycle analysis. Despite the Himalayan backdrop, waste generation varies significantly, with Gangtok producing substantially more waste (50 tons per day (TPD)) compared to Namchi (4.6 TPD). Both cities excel in waste collection, but Gangtok leads in proactive treatment, with 22% (11 TPD) undergoing composting and recycling. However, shared challenges at riverside disposal sites, including overfilled dumpsites and leachate contamination, pose potential environmental hazards amid the Himalayan allure. Organic waste predominates at 40.9% and 40.01% in both cities, indicating composting potential. Plastic closely at 22.25% (Namchi) and 22.65% (Gangtok) was way above the global (12 %) and national (8.4 %) average respectively, emphasizing the urgency of plastic waste reduction strategy. The 16.95% cardboard in Gangtok highlights potential commerce-related waste. The study also highlights the importance of comprehensive policies for informal sector well-being. The lifecycle assessment of Namchi and Gangtok reveals significant methane emissions (99%) from waste anaerobic decomposition potentially due to poor source segregation. Implementing a futuristic waste strategy reduces emissions by 38% in Namchi and 40% in Gangtok, through biogas utilization and renewable energy adoption. The findings advocate for citizen engagement, improved collection, targeted campaigns, and circular economy principles. To ensure sustainability and resilience in waste management within mountain regions, tailored strategies such as material recycling facilities, community engagement initiatives, and landfill diversion mandates should integrate ecological, socioeconomic, and logistical considerations, fostering awareness and participation among communities.

Strategi Pengelolaan Limbah Medis Padat Pada UPTD Puskesmas Lampahan yang Berdampak Pencemaran Lingkungan

The aim of the research is to get an overview of the types, determine management factors, get recommendations to determine the right strategy in order to reduce environmental pollution due to solid medical waste at the UPTD of the Lampahan Community Health Center and in the community environment. Data analysis was carried out using several parameters through statistical tests and discussed quantitatively descriptively. The results of the research showed that to identify types of solid medical waste, syringes, Nald heating, gauze, infusion bottles, handscoons, medicine bottles, masks, abocaths, needles, used plasters, urine catheters, urine bags and basturi were identified. Several factors include the knowledge of officers regarding the management and handling of solid medical waste which still varies greatly, especially in the field of health services, such as in the ER, inpatient rooms, drug distribution (pharmacies) and midwives who do not yet understand how to actually manage medical waste. Another risk factor occurs in community groups regarding their ability to act regarding the presence of solid medical waste originating from the Puskesmas environment, including actions in handling it. The strategy that will be used as a recommendation in managing solid medical waste is through increasing the capacity of human resources, increasing support for budget allocations, increasing monitoring of officer compliance in using PPE, and proposals for procuring waste management facilities as well as strengthening cooperation with third parties, licensing related to storage. , packaging, labeling and providing waste symbols.

Burden of Solid Waste, and Control Measures for Health Hazards Emanating from Its Mismanagement in a Populous Country Like India; with Special Reference to Odisha Slums and Rural Areas

The article summarizes the growing burden of solid wastes across the world and closer in relation to the Bhubaneswar city. Rapid urbanization and human habitation is not matched with efficient solid waste handling and disposal. This is posing a serious threat to environment and even becoming the root cause of spread of infectious diseases as well as reemerging diseases. The review opens up the pandora box of the types of waste, how they need to be segregated and legislations and policies that have evolved to manage this issue. Of late newer forms of solid waste like e-waste and construction waste are also being added. A wide public as well as political awareness and urgent action is needed to prevent environmental damage and calamities.

PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN PETUGAS CLEANING SERVICE TERHADAP PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH MEDIS PADAT DI RUMAH SAKIT BHAYANGKARA TK II SARTIKA ASIH BANDUNG

The purpose of this study is to ascertain how expertise of cleaning service personnel affects the handling of solid medical waste at Bhayangkara Hospital TK II Sartika Asih Bandung. A quantitative research strategy with a descriptive focus was adopted. Techniques for gathering data, include distribution of surveys, observation, and literature review. Total population of 30 respondents. The sampling technique used saturated sampling technique with a total of 30 respondents. The data analysis technique used the Spearman rank correlation test and the T hypothesis test. The results of the study concluded that the effect of cleaning service staff knowledge on medical waste management used the Spearman rank correlation test of 81.9%, which means that it has a very close and positive relationship. Hypothesis T test results tcount 7.848 > ttable 2.052 and sign. 0.000 < 0,05. The study's finding is that the management of solid medical waste Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara TK II Sartika Asih Bandung is influenced by the expertise of cleaning service personnel.

Study of Urban Solid Waste Generation in the City of Tucuruí-Pa (2023-2043)

Objective: The objective of this article was to project the generation of urban solid waste for the city of Tucuruí-PA for a period of 20 years (2023 – 2043). Method/design/approach: Initially, the city of Tucuruí-PA was divided into 4 large urban solid waste generation areas, then a population estimate was carried out for the period considered, therefore the amount of urban solid waste was estimated, removing the interest and Finally, the costs were estimated. Results and conclusion: The results show that in the year 2023, 37,671.51 tons/year of municipal solid waste were generated and in the year 2043 it will be 41,519.72 tons/year, representing an increase of 29.26% over the 20-year period. Potentially recyclable and compostable waste will be 248 thousand/ton/year and 369 thousand/ton/year respectively. In 2023 the city will have a cost of R$7,828,201.47 to manage 37,671.51 tons/year and over 20 years the city of Tucuruí will have a cost of R$172,795,473.28 to manage 831,000 thousand tons of waste, which corresponds to R$75.09 per inhabitant/year. The projections presented are support for the successful management and handling of urban solid waste. Research implications: The projections presented demonstrate that knowing both the quantities of urban solid waste generated and the costs are necessary and important for the management of urban solid waste, thus being an indispensable tool in the formulation of public policies. Originality/value: This article contributes to the formulation and improvement of urban solid waste management aiming at sustainable development.

Thermo-kinetic behaviour of green synthesized nanomaterial enhanced organic phase change material: Model fitting approach

Metal, carbon and conducting polymer nanoparticles are blended with organic phase change materials (PCMs) to enhance the thermal conductivity, heat storage ability, thermal stability and optical property. However, the existing nanoparticle are expensive and need to be handle with high caution during operation as well during disposal owing to its toxicity. Subsequently handling of solid waste and the disposal of organic PCM after longevity usage are of utmost concern and are less exposed. Henceforth, the current research presents a new dimension of exploration by green synthesized nanoparticles from a thorny shrub of an invasive weed named Prosopis Juliflora (PJ) which is a agro based solid waste. Subsequently, the research is indented to decide the concentration of green synthesized nanoparticle for effective heat transfer rate of organic PCM (Tm = 35–40 °C & Hm = 145 J/g). Furthermore, an in-depth understanding on the kinetic and thermodynamic profile of degradation mechanism involved in disposal of PCM after usage via Coats and Redfern technique is exhibited. Engaging a two-step method, we fuse the green synthesized nanomaterial with PCM to obtain nanocomposite PCM. On experimental evaluation, thermal conductivity of the developed nanocomposite (PCM + PJ) increases by 63.8% (0.282 W/m⋅K to 0.462 W/m⋅K) with 0.8 wt% green synthesized nanomaterial owing to the uniform distribution of nanoparticle within PCM matrix thereby contributing to bridging thermal networks. Subsequently, PCM and PCM + PJ nanocomposites are tested using thermogravimetric analyzer at different heating rates (05 °C/min; 10 °C/min; 15 °C/min & 20 °C/min) to analyze the decomposition kinetic reaction. The kinetic and thermodynamic profile of degradation mechanism involved in disposal of PCM and its nanocomposite of PCM + PJ provides insight on thermal parameters to be considered on large scale operation and to understand the complex nature of the chemical reactions. Adopting thirteen different chemical mechanism model under Coats and Redfern method we determine the reaction mechanism; kinetic parameter like activation energy (Ea) & pre-exponential factor (A) and thermodynamic parameter like change in enthalpy (ΔH), change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and change in entropy (ΔS). Dispersion of PJ nanomaterial with PCM reduces Ea from 370.82 kJ/mol−1 to 342.54 kJ/mol−1 (7.7% reduction), as the developed nanomaterial is enriched in carbon element and exhibits a catalytic effect for breakdown reaction. Corresponding, value of ΔG for PCM and PCM + PJ sample within heating rates of 05–20 °C/min varies between 168.95 and 41.611 kJ/mol−1. The current research will unbolt new works with focus on exploring the pyrolysis behaviour of phase change materials and its nanocomposite used for energy storage applications. This work also provides insights on the disposal of PCM which is an organic solid waste. The thermo-kinetic profile will help to investigate and predict the optimum heating rate and temperature range for conversion of micro-scale pyrolysis to commercial scale process.

Tinjauan Penanganan Limbah Medis Padat di Puskesmas Gunung Putri Kabupaten Bogor Tahun 2023

Background: Gunung Putri Health Center is one of the produce of medical waste. The process of handling solid medical waste has problems at the stages of transportation and temporary storage. Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine the handling of solid medical waste, the infrastructure for handling solid medical waste, the science and action of healthy and cleaning workers. Methods: The research method used descriptive. Sampling technique using purposive sampling, the sample for this study is 27 people, there is 6 rooms observed produce solid medical waste. Results: The results showed that the generation of solid medical waste is 0.87 kg/day. Treatment of solid medical waste at the sorting stage 100% qualified, 67% of the requirements for the container stage, the in-situ transportation stage not qualified, the ex-situ transportation stage 100% qualified , the temporary storage stage not qualified, waste handling infrastructure facilities 100% qualified for solid medical sorting and storage stage, in-situ transportation stage and temporary storage stage are not eligible. Aspects of the knowledge of health and cleaning workers 25 respondents (92.6%) in the "good" category, 2 respondents (7.4%) in the "enough" category. The behavior aspect of the health of workers from 26 respondents was 100% in the "good" category, and the behavior of cleaners from 1 respondent was in the "less" category. Conclusion: The conclusion is that the handling of solid medical waste and infrastructure does not meet the requirements, the science and action of healthy workers is in a good category. The knowledge of the cleaning staff is in the sufficient category and the behavior is lacking. It is expected that in-situ transportation will be carried out every day or less than 1 day if the waste is filled with 3/4 of the volume of the container, increasing the availability of TPS at the Gunung Putri Health Center.

People’s Perception and the Current Policy Gap for Solid Waste Handling in Delhi

MSW management directly impacts public health and quality of life in cities. Unfortunately, solid waste management is generally considered the exclusive domain of government. However, since residents are the primary generators of municipal solid waste, there is virtually worldwide consensus among all major stakeholders that citizens must actively participate in this process. The need for more awareness among citizens and better communication between the government and citizens severely hampers this. Therefore, specific government initiatives are needed to bridge this communication gap. With this in mind, this study presents a structure for developing a waste management transmission process that recognises the public’s leading issues and the best strategies for raising public awareness. The results indicate that people’s attitudes toward solid waste could be more satisfactory. The government should also involve the public in managing regional and local waste problems.

Improved Particle Swarm Optimization with Deep Learning-Based Municipal Solid Waste Management in Smart Cities

Objectives: The Internet of Things (IoT) framework is crucial for improving monitoring applications for smart cities and controlling municipal operations in real time. The most significant issue with applications to smart cities has been the handling of solid waste, which may have negative consequences on the health and well-being of people. Waste management has become a problem that developing and developed nations must face. The management of solid waste is a significant and exciting issue that affects habitats all around the world. Thus, it is necessary to create an efficient method to eliminate these issues or, at the very least, reduce them to a manageable level. Theoretical framework: This work proposed an Improved Particle Swarm Optimization with Deep Learning-based Municipal Solid Waste Management (IPSODL-MSWM) in smart cities. Methods: The IPSODL-MSWM approach aims to identify various types of solid waste materials and enable sustainable waste management. A Single Shot Detection (SSD) model enables efficient object detection in the IPSODL-MSWM paradigm. Then, feature vectors were generated using the MobileNetV2 model based on a deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). IPSO has been obtained by using a hybrid Genetic Algorithm (GA) and PSO algorithm. Results and Conclusion: The IPSODL method has been employed for automatic hyperparameter tuning since manual trial-and-error hyperparameter tuning is time-consuming. Implications of the research: The IPSODL-MSWM approach uses Support Vector Machine (SVM) for accurate municipal excess categorization in this work. This implies sustainable waste management model for better smart city development. Originality/value: With an optimal accuracy of 99.45%, many simulations show the IPSODL-MSWM model's enhanced capability for classification.

Mercury in the Barents region – River fluxes, sources, and environmental concentrations

Arctic rivers are receiving increased attention for their contributing of mercury (Hg) to the Arctic Ocean. Despite this, the knowledge on both the terrestrial release sources and the levels of Hg in the rivers are limited. Within the Arctic, the Barents region has a high industrial development, including multiple potential Hg release sources. This study presents the first overview of potential Hg release sources on Norwegian and Russian mainland draining to the Barents Sea. Source categories cover mining and metallurgy industry; historical pulp and paper production; municipal and industrial solid waste handling; fossil fuel combustion; and past military activities. Available data on Hg in freshwater bodies near the identified potential release sources are reviewed. Levels of Hg were occasionally exceeding the national pollution control limits, thereby posing concern to the local human population and wildlife. However, the studies were sparse and often unsystematic. Finally, we present new data of Hg measured in five Barents rivers. These data reveal strong seasonality in the Hg levels, with a total annual flux constituting 2% of the panarctic total. With this new insight we aspire to contribute to the international efforts of reducing Hg pollution, such as through the effective implementation of the Minamata Convention. Future studies documenting Hg in exposed Barents freshwater bodies are warranted.

Solid Waste Handling Scenarios, Management and Economic Study in Erbil City

Solid waste management has become an important issue for developing countries. Solid waste management is also a weighty problem in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. To date, weak points have been observed in Erbil City, particularly in the handling and transportation of municipal solid waste. Consequently, this issue affects the environment, human health, management, finances, and aesthetics of the city. This research focused on handling scenarios, management, and an economic study of solid waste in New Zanco Village, Erbil City. Data on the quantity and generation rate (GR) of solid waste and current routes for solid waste collection were collected directly. Additionally, truck volume, handling options, and economic subjects were studied. Untimorous software was applied to find the optimum routes for solid waste collection in the studied area. Results revealed that the average GR for 48 samples was 1.114 kg/capita/day. The minimum and maximum values were 0.24 kg/capita/day and 3.28 kg/capita/day, respectively. The optimized capacity for the trucks was 7 m3. The number of pick-up locations per truck was 92. From the current waste collection route, waste is collected in eight cycles each week and the total weekly travel length equals 321.12 km. Based on the results obtained from OptimoRoute software, waste is collected in seven cycles and the total weekly travel length equals 294.03 km. The waste collection will reduce the 27.09 km of travel length in each week, which equals a reduction of 8.43% of the total distance. The operation cost will be reduced by 8.43% per week. Additionally, the total yearly travel length will be reduced by 1,300.32 km and the total yearly cost will be reduced by about $2,730.67.

RFID and IoT Enabled Framework to Make Pune City an Eco-friendly Smart City

The increasing volume and complexity of waste associated with the modern economy pose a serious risk to ecosystems and human health. Due to the intensive increase in computation, Machine learning is popular. Intelligent solid waste management motivates the Swachh Bharat mission to celebrate the 150th anniversary of the birth of astrapita Mahatma Gandhi. In the context of smart city development, an innovative means of implementing smart solid waste collection is to improve daily solid waste collection at the household level. An intelligent solid waste collection system will be implemented in the Smart City to improve solid waste collection. It is required to educate households about solid waste handling. Municipal Corporation can implement an innovative PPP model as part of an independent India campaign to motivate startup ntrepreneurs, which will generate jobs in India. The city of Pune is in a phase of intelligent urban mobility development to improve citizens’ living standards. Ensure safe traffic management, adequate water supply, smart amenities, and services such as the intelligent collection, transport, and processing of solid waste. RFID and IoT base IT solutions have the potential to develop sustainable, innovative technology to achieve 100% household collections and transportation and treatment of waste so that to minimize waste to send landfill side.

Levels of Arsenic, Cadmium, and Mercury in Urine of Indigenous People Living Close to Oil Extraction Areas in the Peruvian Amazon.

Levels of Arsenic, Cadmium, and Mercury in Urine of Indigenous People Living Close to Oil Extraction Areas in the Peruvian Amazon.

Study on Solid Waste Management in TKR Educational Society -Hyderabad

India being an agricultural country has a present population of approximately 1,405.2 million with 29 states and 7 union territories. The hassle of SWM in India is growing noticeably because of rapid urbanization and population boom. Out of the total waste generated from the industrial, residential, commercial, and agricultural areas a massive amount of waste is generated from residential areas comprising municipal waste. Solid-waste management is the collection, handling, and disposal of solid waste that is thrown away after serving its purpose or becoming unusable. We collected all the information on the solid waste generation rate at the TKR Educational Society. We have studied information on solid waste generation in different months (December, January, and February). TKR Campus.The food waste is 15%,paper waste is 12%,plastic is 13%,concrete waste is 2.17%,vegetable waste is 35%,electric waste is 3.04% and wood waste is 4.3%.the highest percentage of food waste is more. The physio-chemical parameter like moisture content, bulk density, PH value, carbon, nitrogen, and carbon and nitrogen content find in different blocks K9 block, R9 block, boy hostel, pharmacy, and canteen. We find that the mean value of moisture content is 51.2, bulk density is 297.9, PH value is 6.4, Carbon is 52.58, Nitrogen is 6.5, and C/N is 8.

On-Site Solid Waste Handling Practice and Associated Factors among Condominium Residents in Gondar City, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.

Solid waste is one type of waste that is released from human day-to-day activities and it is considered useless or unwanted for further use. Population growth, rapid urbanization, a booming economy, and an increase in the standards of living of the community have substantially enhanced the rate of solid waste generation in developing countries. Solid wastes can be used as a resource for industrial production or energy generation. However, it causes environmental and human health problems due to poor management. There is scanty information about on-site solid waste management practice in the study area. Therefore, assessing on-site solid management practices and their associated factors, especially for condominium residents is very important. To assess on-site solid waste handling practice and its associated factors among condominium residents in Gondar city, northwest Ethiopia, 2021. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to June 15/2021 among condominium residents in Gondar city. The study included a total of 450 condominium households, with a 99.3% response rate. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. Those variables which have a p value <0.25 in the bivariate analysis were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model. A p value of less than 0.05 with 95% CI was considered a statistically significant factor. In this study, 79.8% with 95% CI (76.4%, 83.3%) of condominium residents had poor on-site solid waste handling practices. The finding also showed that 42.2% and 50.2% of study participants have favorable attitudes and good knowledge towards on-site solid waste handling practices, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, male household heads (AOR = 1.90; 95% CI, 1.11-3.28), large family size (AOR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.03-3.40), negative attitude towards on-site solid waste handling practices (AOR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.07-3.00), not receiving training (AOR = 3.40; 95% CI, 1.77-6.55), and not having legal enforcement (AOR = 2.85; 95% CI, 1.39-5.84) were significantly associated with on-site solid waste handling practices. The on-site solid waste handling practice of condominium households was very poor. The provision of training and enforcement of rules regarding solid waste handling is necessary.

ОЦІНКА ЕКОСИСТЕМНИХ ПОСЛУГ МІСТА ЧЕРНІГОВА З ПОЧАТКОМ ПОВНОМАСШТАБНОГО ВТОРГНЕННЯ РОСІЇ НА ТЕРИТОРІЮ УКРАЇНИ

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the ecosystem services of the city of Chernihiv after the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation and to assess the consequences of military actions for the urban space and ecosystem. Methodology. During the writing of the article, the method of analysis and synthesis, analytical, systematic and graphic were used. The informational basis of the study is the scientific work of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, as well as the authors' own observations and memories related to the first days of the Russian-Ukrainian war and the damage that was caused to the environment. Results. The impact of military operations on the disruption of ecosystem elements has been studied. Using the example of the city of Chernihiv, the importance of component ecosystem services and the need to preserve them to ensure the balanced development of the city's territory and improve the quality of life of the population is revealed. The main changes and consequences of the Russian aggression, which affected the state of atmospheric air, river systems, soils, and forest areas, are outlined. One of the main environmental problems of the city is analyzed - the accumulation of garbage and the handling of solid household waste. The ecological potential as a vector of the work of the new City Development Concept, which began to be developed immediately after the end of active hostilities in Chernihiv, was considered. Scientific novelty. Chernihiv is one of the largest cities in the north of Ukraine, which Russian troops have been trying to capture since February 24, 2022. Occupying a convenient geographical position determined by the proximity to the capital of the country, it is of strategic importance for the state. In addition, Chernihiv has unique historical-cultural and natural-recreational resources that require protection and appropriate treatment on the part of the population. Russian aggression caused the destruction not only of infrastructure facilities, enterprises, and houses, but also caused damage to the environment, which in some places has catastrophic consequences. Thus, the study of the elements of the ecosystem, the study of the city's ecological problems, and the receipt of ecosystem services require additional attention from scientists, especially after active hostilities. Practical significance. The practical significance of the article is determined by the possibility of using the research results during educational activities to increase the level of environmental culture and education of the population.