Solid Waste Generation Rate Research Articles

Evaluation of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation rates: A case study in the district of Cumba, Northern Peru

The objective of this research was to evaluate the unit rates of MSW generation in Cumba in the years 2016 and 2022. The calculations were based on the weights of the MSW disposed in the dump located 5 km from the city of Cumba since 2012. The GPC, physical composition, density, humidity were determined in the years 2016 and 2022, studied according to the methodology and group classification of Peruvian regulations. The results show that 5.45 Tn/day−1 are generated in 2016, 4.37 Tn/day−1 in 2022; according to its physical composition, 82% RO, 14% MICVC and 4% MISVC in 2016; 77% RO, 16% MICVC, 7% MISVC in 2022; density 137.90 kg/m−3 in 2016 and 172.69 kg/m−3 in 2022; humidity 67.67% in 2016 and 63.43% in 2022. It was also found that in 100.00% there is no solid waste treatment; Everything generated in homes, businesses and streets is evacuated to the final disposal site, which is a dump. In 2022, Cumba acquired 10 hectares to have adequate sanitary infrastructure and begin the closure and recovery of its current dump. This study will contribute to providing accurate data on MSW generation that allows the local government to promote the optimization of collection routes and schedules, resulting in cost savings and reduction of carbon emissions in the Amazon Region. Therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness at all levels of society through various means of communication and education, so that the risks of spreading health risks can be minimized by improving MSW management.

Integrated municipal solid waste management using ArcGIS tools: A case of akaki-kality sub-city, addis ababa, ethiopia.

This study aimed to optimize the solid waste collection and transportation system using ArcGIS Network Analyst and location-allocation tools. The generated solid waste was characterized by proximate analysis. The generation rate and composition were determined according to standard methods. The average solid waste generation rates for households, commercial sites, institutions, and recreational places were 0.48kg/c/day, 15.03kg/fac/day, 9.32kg/fac/day, and 22.8kg/fac/day, respectively. The estimated total generation rate of the sub-city is 207,004.03kg/day and 712.13 m3/day as discarded base. Composition analysis revealed that food waste is the major component of municipal solid waste, with estimated weight and volume of 134,696.08kg and 299.46 m3, respectively. Proximate analysis indicated that food and textile wastes have relatively high moisture content and fixed carbon. Candidate pre-collection bin allocations were optimized based on factors such as road network, distribution of solid waste generators, and existing temporary dumping sites, resulting in 1052 potential bin locations. Transfer station allocation was optimized by considering land use-land cover, slope, and geology. Twelve transfer routes and four transport routes were established to efficiently serve the bins and final waste destinations. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that ArcGIS Network Analyst and location-allocation tools can effectively optimize the municipal solid waste collection and transportation system, providing a robust framework for improving waste management efficiency. However, further research is recommended to validate these findings through field application.

Solid waste characterization in the slum areas of Bagmati River—A case of Kathmandu, Nepal

Solid waste management (SWM) is a challenging environmental issue globally, with developing nations experiencing considerable difficulties in its efficient and effective implementation. Urban slum areas within these regions, particularly, have been reported to face unique challenges in SWM due to a combination of factors, including the low socio-economic status of residents, high population density, inadequate infrastructure, and a thriving informal economy. Despite these critical concerns, most SWM research in Nepal has concentrated on major cities and tourist hotspots. As a result, the condition of SWM in urban slum areas, typically found along the banks of major rivers in Nepal, remains a critical yet neglected aspect in research and policy discussions. This study, therefore, aims to evaluate SWM in the densely populated urban slum areas situated along the Bagmati River, a key river system in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. Four major slum locations within the central metropolitan area of Kathmandu—Sinamangal, Thapathali, Teku, and Balkhu—were selected for the study, and systematic random sampling and characterization of household solid waste was conducted. The results reveal that the average household solid waste generation rates in the four study sites were 155.32 g capita−1 d−1, 124.69 g capita−1 d−1, 149.9 g capita−1 d−1, and 218.44 g capita−1 d−1, respectively. Organic wastes was the most prevalent type, comprising 63.34% of the total waste, followed by paper and paper products (13.72%), plastics (12.15%), dirt and construction debris (5.57%), glass (4.31%), and other wastes (0.91%). Qualitative data from the survey revealed that although municipal waste management programs exist, awareness and participation among residents were limited. As a result, many households ended up managing their waste on their own, often in an unscientific manner polluting the river water in the vicinity. The study offers critical insights for policymakers, operators, and regulators in addressing the growing challenges of SWM. Findings are expected to aid in the sustainable management of solid waste along the river basin in central urban regions of the capital city. Under Nepal's new federal governance system, provincial and local governments are recommended to collaborate with all stakeholders, including households, to develop comprehensive, multimodal SWM strategies that also address the needs of slum areas.

Investigation of solid waste generation rate and biogas production

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) of organic waste is one of the most promising processes and is the ideal solution for the disposal of organic waste (OW) and at the same time, the production of methane gas which may be used as a sustainable energy resource. An anaerobic biodigester with a volume of (20) liters has been used to digest organic waste and to trace the changes that occur during the AD process. Operating parameters such as temperature, pH, total solids, and volatile solids (TS, VS) have been measured which have a significant impact on the rate and quality of biogas production. Experiments on anaerobic biodegradation of OW-SS were monitored under mesophilic conditions (temperature 37 °C, retention time 30–31 days). The pH value varied between (4.2–5.8) for OW-SS. During 30 days of the detection period, the maximum methane production (corrected) occurred on day 21 which was equal to 254.3-ml. The cumulative volume of the produced methane was recorded as (3409 ml), OW-SS, and these results were corrected to the standard conditions, where after correction, it became (2929 ml). The highest rate of methane concentration was estimated at (52 %) for OW-SS, while the rate of decrease in the TS and VS was (54 %, and 45 %), respectively. It is recommended to examine the changes that occur if a larger digester is used than the one used in the current study, such as 50 L, 100 L …. Etc. To compare the data obtained in this study with the results of larger digestions to allow for the opportunity to build anaerobic digesters at the plant level with the benefit of renewable energy production. It is also recommended to investigate the impact of some types of pretreatments on biogas production such as the use of alkali, enzymatic, ultrasonic treatment or acid ton the solid waste feed.

Strategies for Enhancing Solid Waste Management Practices in Urban Secondary Schools in Developing Countries

Effective solid waste management in urban secondary schools in developing countries is essential for mitigating environmental and health risks associated with improper waste disposal. This manuscript examines current practices and proposes strategies to enhance solid waste management in these educational settings. Current practices include efforts to reduce packaging materials, promote recycling and composting initiatives, utilize sorting and processing technologies, and implement anaerobic digestion for organic waste treatment. However, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, limited resources, and insufficient awareness among students and staff hinder effective waste management. This study also investigates current solid waste generation rates specific to urban secondary schools, highlighting variability influenced by factors like population density and consumption patterns. The environmental impact of poor waste management includes pollution of air, soil, and water, as well as habitat. Health concerns arise from disease transmission due to breeding grounds for vectors like mosquitoes in stagnant water and exposure to hazardous chemicals from improperly managed waste. To address these challenges, comprehensive strategies are proposed, encompassing infrastructure development, educational programs integrating waste management into the curriculum, community engagement, and policy advocacy. These strategies aim to promote sustainable practices, improve waste segregation, enhance recycling rates, and reduce the overall environmental footprint of urban secondary schools in developing countries. Implementation of these strategies is crucial for fostering a cleaner, healthier environment and empowering future generations with environmental stewardship values.

AN ENGINEERED SYSTEM FOR SOLID WASTE COLLECTION IN SAMARU, ZARIA, NIGERIA

Solid waste includes all materials that are firm and stable in shape including semisolid materials that are no longer considered of sufficient value to be retained in a given setting. Solid waste generation rates and patterns within the study area were mapped out through GPS, Google route software, AutoCAD, ArcGIS, GPS, Route optimization software, measuring tape, Marker, Containers of equal volume, Record book, Calculator, and Stopwatch. Eleven sacks were used to collect solid waste from eleven different households daily within three months of the wet and dry seasons of the year. The highest average volume of solid waste generated per household per week in Samaru was in the dry season =0.25 m3. The dry season witnesses a substantial volume of 0.206 m³ for garbage organic materials, constituting 66.45% of the total composition. In the wet season, this volume remains significant at 0.104 m³, accounting for 61.18% of the total composition. The highest percentage of organic materials (garbage) during both seasons suggests a need for improved organic waste management. The minimum allowable capacity of the solid waste collection containers for the designed system is 10 m3 considering a minimum of two containers per city block

Generation rate of hospital solid waste from different services: A case study in the province of Bagua, northern Peru

The objective of this research was to evaluate the unit generation rate of solid hospital waste at the Gustavo Lanatta Lujan Bagua Support Hospital (HAB). The calculations were based on the weights of hospital waste disposed periodically to the biosafety cell located 7 km from the city of Bagua since 2015. Nineteen services were identified and grouped into three areas: hospitalization area, emergency area and gynecology area, studied according to the group classification of Peruvian regulations. The results show that 92.77 kg/day-1 are generated, 62.26 % are biocontaminated waste, 26.45 % are common waste, 7.7 % are sharp-sharp waste and 3.6 % are special waste. It was also found that only 73.56 % is disposed of in the hospital's biosafety cell. In this sense, this study will contribute to promote the reduction of the entry of hazardous substances into the stream of an adequate waste management and save workers and the environment in the Amazon Region. Therefore, awareness should be raised at all levels of society through various means of communication and education, so that the risks of spreading health hazards can be minimized by improving hospital waste management. In addition, healthcare waste management should be implemented, taking into account the parameters to be monitored, the economic resources to be managed and the national plans for healthcare waste.

Numerical investigation and optimal design of capillary barrier cover with passive gas collection pipes on the performance at limiting landfill gas emissions

Relying solely on soil properties may not fully ensure the performance of capillary barrier covers at limiting landfill gas (LFG) emissions. This study proposed to install passive gas collection pipes in the coarse-grained soil layers of capillary barrier covers to enhance their performance at limiting LFG emissions. First, the LFG generation rate of municipal solid waste and its influencing factors were analyzed based on empirical formulas. This information provided necessary bottom boundary conditions for the analyses of LFG transport through capillary barrier covers with passive gas collection pipes (CBCPPs). Then, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the LFG transport properties through CBCPPs and reveal relevant influencing factors. Finally, practical suggestions were proposed to optimize the design of CBCPPs. The results indicated that the maximum whole-site LFG generation rate occurred at the end of landfilling operation. The gas collection efficiency (E) of CBCPPs was mainly controlled by the ratio of the intrinsic permeability between the coarse- and fine-grained soil (K2/K1) and the laying spacing between gas collection pipes (D). E increased as K2/K1 increased but decreased as D increased. An empirical expression for estimating E based on K2/K1 and D was proposed. In practice, CBCPPs were supposed to be constructed once the landfilling operation finished. It is best to select the fine- and coarse-grained soils with K2/K1 exceeding 10,000 to construct CBCPPs.

Effect of Food Waste on The Growth Performance, Waste Reduction Efficiency and Nutritional Composition of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens (L.), Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae

The rate of solid waste generation, especially in Malaysia, has become one of the major concerns for environmental and public health issues. Food waste accounts for the highest percentage of solid waste that ends up in landfills. Due to the living nature of humans and their involvement in agricultural, industrial, and municipal activities, the disposal of food waste happens on a regular basis. Due to the absence of an incineration plant, these wastes are commonly sent into landfills which are considered to be the most cost-effective method for disposal. Nevertheless, consideration for an alternative disposal method such as composting shall not be ruled out entirely. One of the established methods for composting food waste is the utilization of the larvae of the Black Soldier Fly. A study was conducted to assess the growth and nutritional composition, waste reduction capacity and nutritional composition of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) reared on food waste. We found that the larvae reared with the food waste and effective microorganism (EM), LFWEM (BSFL reared with a mixture of food waste and effective microorganisms), have a slightly better relative growth rate (2.66 ± 0.35 day-1) compared to larvae reared with only food waste (2.44 ± 0.17 day-1). The waste reduction index was higher in the LFWEM group (5.36 ± 0.18 g/day) compared to the control group, LFC (BSFL reared with chicken feed) (4.85 ± 0.03 g/day) and the LFW (BSFL reared with food waste) group (5.13 ± 0.17 g/day). The nutritional composition of the BSFL reared using food waste shows some potential as it surpasses some of the amount of essential amino acids including Arginine, Histidine, Threonine and Valine, found in the commercially available animal feeds. This finding serves as a baseline to propose potential replacements for animal protein by using BSFL reared with food waste.

Predictive modeling of dining facility waste by material type across time and geography

The increasing rate of global solid waste generation is startling. This is exacerbating the challenge of decreasing solid waste generation to reduce disposal in landfills. U.S. Army installations offer a unique qualitative and quantitative dataset across a span of geographical locations. Modeling prediction capability of dining facility (DFAC) solid waste streams using data from 11 Army installations was investigated to demonstrate aggregate building and material type generation forecasting. Solid waste generation data were collected, quantified, and categorized for diversion potential (e.g., source reduction, reuse, recycling, composting, etc.) of materials currently landfilled. Over one week, samples from one day of DFAC operations were collected for each installation. Materials from the samples were manually separated into 22 categories, weighed, and recorded. Results identified many solid waste stream materials with diversion potential. Five material types were down selected to construct and validate the linear regression model. The material types down selection was based on available data robustness and applicability beyond military contexts. A linear regression model was constructed for five material and building type combinations to avoid multiplication factor errors of coefficients for each independent variable. Results were statistically significant (p-value ≤ 0.05) for four of five modeling combination predictions. These results demonstrate the unique capability of predicting solid waste generation for the four statistically significant model combinations. Each of the four statistically significant model combinations differed in adjusted R2 values, ranging from 0.988 to 0.996. This study provides five linear regression model combinations with predictive power that could reduce the labor- and cost-intensive process of characterizing waste streams while increasing data availability across the continental U.S. to focus targeted source reduction efforts for dining settings.

Analyzing solid waste management practices for the hotel industry

The waste management agenda is significant, and it requires administrative attention, guidance, and public awareness on a priority basis. Effective waste management impacts social, economic, and ecological concerns. The purpose of this research was to survey methods for managing solid waste in the hospitality sector. To reduce their negative effects on the environment, stay in compliance with regulations, and make their guests happier, hotels must have efficient waste management systems. Some important practices involve carrying out waste audits, reducing waste at its source, recycling, composting, and managing hazardous waste properly. To show their dedication to environmental protection and ethical business practices, hotels may optimise their waste management through staff training, stakeholder involvement, and continuous improvement in initiatives. By adopting these practices, we can lessen the amount of trash that ends up in landfills and assist in rendering the hotel business more sustainable. There is significance difference between presence of garden and restaurant on solid waste generation rate. The information presented in this article is crucial for waste management planning and resource allocation in many different types of contexts, including residential, industrial as well as hotels.

Solid Waste Generation, Composition and Potentiality of Waste-to-Resource Recovery in Sylhet City Corporation, Bangladesh

The very fast economic and population growth of Bangladesh, along with its high urbanization rate, have been seen since its independence in 1971. Sylhet City Corporation (SCC) has also experienced high population growth as well as rapid urbanization since 2002. The solid waste generation rate is also increasing along with the high economic and population growth in SCC. SCC and its extended areas are now producing more solid waste than ever before because of accelerated unplanned urbanization, ever-growing tourist pressure, and an overgrowing urban population. Sooner than later, resource recovery and capacity development in existing solid waste management systems are required to allow the sustainable and resilient growth of SCC. This study aimed to explore the total amount of solid waste generation per day as well as the waste composition and potentiality for resource recovery from the generated solid waste in SCC and its extended areas. This study has found that SCC is now generating a total of 375.68 tons of solid waste daily from households, daily kitchen markets, medical institutes, resident hotels, commercial shops, and restaurants. This study has also found that about 90% of daily-generated solid waste is perishable and has a high moisture content. This study has found that the generated waste in SCC has the potential to produce compost fertilizer, solid recovered fuel (SRF), and electricity. On the other hand, this study can directly help the conservancy department of SCC to have a brief idea about the existing solid waste generation rate, composition, categories, and potentialities of resource recovery from the generated solid waste. It can also succor other conservancy departments of other city corporations or urban areas of Bangladesh as well as other researchers in a similar way.

Quantification and characterization of household solid waste at Urban Area of Kathmandu

Solid waste management can have significant positive and negative implications to the physical, social and economic environment and these implications are the function of management options adopted. The quantity and character of the waste generated changes with time and understanding these properties of waste in a locality form the basis of solid waste management. Thus, this research aims to understand the rate of solid waste generation in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Ward 31, Shantinagar, and characterize the waste based on composition and management options. Waste generated by 100 households in 24 hours was collected, segregated, and weighed to quantify and characterize the waste generated at household level. Furthermore, an in-person interview was conducted with the household representatives using a semi-structured questionnaire to understand the options used for solid waste management at household level and their willingness to participate in waste segregation at source. The percentage composition of each waste category and per capita waste generated at household level was calculated. The relation of the per capita waste with number of family member was modeled by using linear regression. Data analysis was performed by using Microsoft Excel and R software. Significant fractions of the waste generated in the households were organic waste followed by paper waste which together makes up nearly 51% of total weight of the solid waste generated in the area. Per capita waste generation was found to be 402.7 grams per person per day. Per capita waste generation was a function of the number of family members with a decrease in per capita waste by an average of 111 g with an increase in one member in a family. Households who are involved in rooftop farming were segregating waste at the source indicating the local government can encourage rooftop farming to promote waste segregation at source.

Solid Waste Handling Scenarios, Management and Economic Study in Erbil City

Solid waste management has become an important issue for developing countries. Solid waste management is also a weighty problem in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. To date, weak points have been observed in Erbil City, particularly in the handling and transportation of municipal solid waste. Consequently, this issue affects the environment, human health, management, finances, and aesthetics of the city. This research focused on handling scenarios, management, and an economic study of solid waste in New Zanco Village, Erbil City. Data on the quantity and generation rate (GR) of solid waste and current routes for solid waste collection were collected directly. Additionally, truck volume, handling options, and economic subjects were studied. Untimorous software was applied to find the optimum routes for solid waste collection in the studied area. Results revealed that the average GR for 48 samples was 1.114 kg/capita/day. The minimum and maximum values were 0.24 kg/capita/day and 3.28 kg/capita/day, respectively. The optimized capacity for the trucks was 7 m3. The number of pick-up locations per truck was 92. From the current waste collection route, waste is collected in eight cycles each week and the total weekly travel length equals 321.12 km. Based on the results obtained from OptimoRoute software, waste is collected in seven cycles and the total weekly travel length equals 294.03 km. The waste collection will reduce the 27.09 km of travel length in each week, which equals a reduction of 8.43% of the total distance. The operation cost will be reduced by 8.43% per week. Additionally, the total yearly travel length will be reduced by 1,300.32 km and the total yearly cost will be reduced by about $2,730.67.

Study on Solid Waste Management in TKR Educational Society -Hyderabad

India being an agricultural country has a present population of approximately 1,405.2 million with 29 states and 7 union territories. The hassle of SWM in India is growing noticeably because of rapid urbanization and population boom. Out of the total waste generated from the industrial, residential, commercial, and agricultural areas a massive amount of waste is generated from residential areas comprising municipal waste. Solid-waste management is the collection, handling, and disposal of solid waste that is thrown away after serving its purpose or becoming unusable. We collected all the information on the solid waste generation rate at the TKR Educational Society. We have studied information on solid waste generation in different months (December, January, and February). TKR Campus.The food waste is 15%,paper waste is 12%,plastic is 13%,concrete waste is 2.17%,vegetable waste is 35%,electric waste is 3.04% and wood waste is 4.3%.the highest percentage of food waste is more. The physio-chemical parameter like moisture content, bulk density, PH value, carbon, nitrogen, and carbon and nitrogen content find in different blocks K9 block, R9 block, boy hostel, pharmacy, and canteen. We find that the mean value of moisture content is 51.2, bulk density is 297.9, PH value is 6.4, Carbon is 52.58, Nitrogen is 6.5, and C/N is 8.

A Model for Predicting Medical Solid Waste in Hilla City, Iraq

Introduction: To improve current practices and create the most effective healthcare waste treatment system, solid medical waste composition needs to be analyzed. This study aims to develop models to predict the rate of medical waste production in hospitals in Hilla city, Iraq. Predictive mode can be used to set standards, evaluate current methods for treating and disposing medical waste, and optimize healthcare solid waste management systems.
 Materials and Methods: Predictive models and long-term data on the composition and rate of solid medical waste generation were developed using a longitudinal study design. A standardized questionnaire and weighted scale were used to measure solid medical waste generated from the five public hospitals. Statistics were used to create models predicting the amount of waste generated at each hospital.
 Results: These models demonstrated a significant correlation between inpatient and outpatient numbers and waste generation. Different hospitals treat different numbers of inpatients and outpatients. Different models have been created based on various types of hospitals.
 Conclusion: Linear rule-based models accurately represent the weights of variables, identify the sources and implications of solid medical waste, and control waste levels by using a variety of parameters. The research model can help in the development of an effective strategic plan for setting up a medical solid waste (MSW) management system.

Domestic Solid Waste Generation Rate Throughout 140 Continuous Days and Dissimilarity Between 2007 and 2021 in Erbil City

Improper management of the domestic solid waste produced has a crucial impact on the environment. The quantity, components, and generation rate (GR) of domestic solid waste have been influenced by the population number, lifestyle, income, management, etc. This research is focused on the variation of a domestic solid waste GR for a duration of 140 continuous days, and the variation of GR between 2007 and 2021 for the same domestic solid waste was studied. Furthermore, the density of the domestic solid waste formed was examined as well. The domestic solid waste samples were collected constantly from 28 June 2021 to 14 November 2021. The domestic solid waste GRs for each day of the week were observed over a period of 20 weeks. The results show that the average GR and density in 2021 were 915.56 gram per capita per day (g/C/d) and 109.40 kg/m3, respectively. Whereas in 2007, GR and the density for the same family were 620.50 g/C/d and 124.98 kg/m3, correspondingly. GR from 2007 to 2021 has increased by 147.55%. The GR on holidays was higher than on the other days of the week. The recycling of cartons, plastics and metals in Erbil City reduced the density of domestic waste by 12.47% in 2021, thereby reducing the GR and the environmental pollution.

Status of solid waste generation in municipal corporation cities of Maharashtra in India: a review

Generation of municipal solid waste to manage is a major environmental issue in Maharashtra. Due to rapid increase in industrialization, urbanization and population growth, the generation rate of municipal solid waste in Maharashtrian cities and towns also increased. Mishandling of municipal solid waste can cause adverse environmental impacts, public health risks and other socio-economic problems. Present investigation has been carried out to study the altering tendencies of quantity and features of municipal solid waste. The changing pattern of waste composition highlights the importance of isolation for effective process of waste management amenities. Municipal experts should maintain the storing facilities in such a way that they do not generate unhygienic and contaminated situations. A fresh survey would be carried out on the generation and characterization of municipal solid waste in Maharashtra. Subsequently, the municipal solid waste is varied in nature, many samples must be collected and examined to obtain statistically reliable consequences. This overview on status of solid waste management in Maharashtrian cities in India will be beneficial for the competent authorities responsible for municipal solid waste management and researchers to prepare more resourceful strategies.

Parameters of income level and season to determine the rate of household solid waste generation

Household solid waste is the most significant part of municipal solid waste. This research is a case study that proves the effect of economic and climate conditions on solid waste generation rate. The research location is Palembang, Indonesia (2017), with one year’s dry and rainy seasons. This study has more variation in measuring the level of waste generation than previous studies. This study has proven an influence between income levels and climatic conditions on the rate of municipal solid waste generation. Based on the experience of measuring solid waste in the sample, many important aspects have not been analysed and affect the solid waste generation rate. Therefore, more variables are needed for similar research in the future to obtain results that are closest to the conditions in the field.

Physico-chemical, heavy metal analysis and physical composition of household solid waste, Shone Town, Ethiopia

Abstract. Balilo G, Aschalew A, Manikandan R, Feyisa A. 2023. Physico-chemical, heavy metal analysis and physical composition of household solid waste, Shone Town, Ethiopia. Nusantara Bioscience 15: 32-37. In Ethiopia, Shone is one of the country's fast-developing towns; inadequate solid waste management was observed. Therefore, the objective of the study was to determine the generation rate and selected physico-chemical characterization and heavy metal analysis of household solid waste. The study was conducted on randomly selected 120 households from two Kebele of the town. The physico-chemical analysis results revealed that moisture content, pH, electrical conductivity (dS/cm), nitrogen, organic carbon, (%), phosphorus and potassium content of household solid waste were 54.6, 8.25, 2.52 (dS/cm), 2.47, 10.25, 0.54, and 0.82%, respectively. In addition, in the decomposed household solid waste samples, heavy metals such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, chromium, lead, and cadmium were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results showed the concentration of these heavy metals in the decomposed solid waste samples was in the order of iron>manganese>zinc>copper>nickel>chromium>cobalt>lead>cadmium. Daily solid waste from those households was separated into its components, and each component was measured. That was conducted for 7 consecutive days to quantify and characterize household solid waste. The result revealed that the household solid waste generation rate in the study area was 0.206 kilogram/capita/day. The physical composition of the solid waste in Shone Town is mainly organic, constituting 92.8%. The organic waste of the town has a high content of biodegradable waste such as food waste (49.56%), ash and dust (29.74%), yard waste (4.95%), textile (4.006%), old shoes and bone (2.5%), paper and cardboard (2.04%) and recyclable material such as plastic (3.28%), glass and metal (3.88%) all account for 92.8% (biodegradable) and 7.17% (non-biodegradable), respectively.