Solid Waste Generation Rate Research Articles

Measurement and Quantification of Residential Solid Waste in a Metropolitan City of a Developing Country: Case Study in Four Selected Informal Settlements in Dar Es Salaam City, Tanzania

This study has employed multiple techniques, including subjective and objective approaches, to augment existing information and data on household waste generation, generation rates, composition and waste management perceptions in informal settlements. Waste weight, volume and composition data were obtained through one measurement study (n=80) and five surveys (n = 1,239). Additional information was obtained through physical observations and interviews. Results of this study revealed per-capita overall mean weight and volume to be 0.51 kg/day and 1.33 liters/day, respectively. Relatively higher per-capita daily waste generation rates were observed in smaller households, suggesting a positive dependence of municipal solid waste generation rate on both household income and size. Generation high points were on Mondays, signifying that accumulation of waste is more on Sundays perhaps because of shopping during weekends. Organic waste constituted the largest component (60.5% by weight), while e-waste constitute the least (0.4%). About 43% and 8% of the population have to store the waste for two to three weeks and for more than a month, respectively, before delivery for collection by the local government and or the private sector. The study established existence of both extreme satisfaction and dissatisfaction with waste collection and significance of collection problems in the informal settlements.

Solid waste flow and composition determination for sustainable waste management in Gili Trawangan, Indonesia

The aim of this study is to determine the waste flow, solid waste generation rates, and recycling rate in Gili Trawangan, Indonesia, as a case study of small islands in order to propose an appropriate solid waste management strategy. The compost supply and demand balance was estimated to determine the effectiveness of different composting techniques in the reduction of landfill waste on small islands. The hospitality industry contributed to over 70% of the total waste generation; in particular, about 50% was generated by large hotels. This indicates that recovering resources from the waste generated from hospitality-related sources is an effective way of reducing landfill waste. A new solid waste management strategy was proposed to reduce the environmental load and implement a sustainable solid waste management strategy consisting of organic waste composting and zero waste landfilling. As the demand for organic fertilizer was larger than the potential supply, the composting of organic waste from hotels and households would be feasible. Although the estimated cost–benefit ratio of the proposed waste management system was insufficient to operate the proposed system, a charge of only 0.08 USD to tourists is necessary for its implementation. The presented results and conclusions provide support for the decisions of the Lombok Regency and can be a guideline for the implementation of solid waste management strategies on other small islands.

Solid Waste Management Practices and Challenges: The Case of Halaba Town in Southern Ethiopia

Solid waste, which is a consequence of day-to-day activity of human kind, needs to be managed properly. Due to rapid increase in urbanization and population, the generation rate of municipal solid waste in Halaba town is also increasing due to which the town is facing several difficulties in providing proper solid waste management services to its population. Accordingly, the objective of this particular study was to assess the existing solid waste management practices and challenges in Halaba town in southern Ethiopia. Questionnaire, interview, field measurement and field observation were the instrument employed to collect valid data. Data was gathered from 150 randomly selected sampled households using open ended and close ended questionnaire and from purposely selected key informants using semi structured interview. Based on the findings of this study, the households’ solid waste generation rate is 0.271kg/person/day. The result showed that waste composition in the study area was dominated by a high organic content; food waste and vegetable peelings (43.18%) followed by ash and dust (35.81%) leaves, wood scarp, paper and cardboard (11.88%) and metal, glass, ceramics, plastics and textiles (8.52%). The study revealed that only 18% of the household’s solid waste was collected by municipality. As a result of this, huge amounts of uncollected solid wastes are indiscriminately disposed in unauthorized areas. Finally, the study indicated the weak financial status of the municipality to provide adequate solid waste management services along with low awareness of the community were the series problem that challenges the practice of solid waste management system in Halaba town. Therefore, adoption of sustainable solid waste management systems (reuse, recycle and composting) through awareness creation campaign to enable the people aware of the importance of safe solid waste disposal for their environment and health should be encouraged. Keywords: Household, Key informants, Solid waste generation rate, Solid waste management DOI : 10.7176/JEES/9-9-03 Publication date :September 30 th 2019

Solid Waste Situation in Thi-Qar Governorate

This study aims to provide an overview of the current status of solid waste in Thi-Qar governorate by a case study of five cities in this governorate. The five cities are namely: Al-Nassriya, Al-Shatra, Al-Rifai, Suk Al-Shoyokh, and Al-Chibayish. In general, the results revealed that the average generation rate of domestic solid waste was 0.85 Kg/capita/day in the study area. The organic waste was found the major components of municipal waste and it exceeded 60% of waste composition. All dumping sites in the aforementioned cities are uncontrolled dumpsite, their design not suitable, and do not work according to proper operating standards. There are no landfills or dumping sites specified for disposal the non-municipal waste. The investigations showed the presence of potential health risks and negative environmental aspects of solid waste handling in Thi-Qar governorate due to improper handling of collection, transfer, and disposal of solid waste. Thus, developing a master plan for integrated solid waste management is prerequisite to overcome the difficulties solid waste management sector in Thi-Qar governorate.

Psychological and physical job demands, decision latitude, and work-related social support among Iranian waste collectors

Waste collection is known as a stressful and physically demanding job in low/middle income countries. This study aimed to assess the psychological and physical job demands, decision latitude, and work-related social support among Iranian waste collectors. In this cross-sectional study, field observation, video capture, and unstructured interviews were performed to understand the process of waste collection. Data were collected from 200 waste collectors of Shiraz city using a demographic/work characteristics questionnaire and a job content questionnaire (JCQ). Logistic regression analysis was used for the prediction of independent variables affecting job content dimensions. A p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results show that the rate of municipal solid waste (MSW) generation in Shiraz city was 0.576 kg/capita/day, which translates into about 1076 tons of waste per day per the current population of 1,869,001. The total amount of MSW produced in Shiraz over a four-year period from 2014 to 2017 were 346,093, 363,505, 392,869, and 400,863 tons, respectively. About half of the waste collectors reported high levels of psychological and physical job demands. More than half were concerned with the low level of decision latitude and social support in the workplace. Night-workers (OR = 3.29) and smokers (OR = 2.75) reported higher psychological job demands than day-workers and non-smokers, respectively. Decision latitude and social support were inversely associated with the level of education (OR = 1.90), and daily working time (OR = 2.46), respectively. Based on the Demand-Control-Support Model, waste collectors were exposed to relatively high levels of job stress associated with occupational risk factors.

Environmental sustainability features in large university campuses

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to describe the efforts undertaken to convert the large university campus of Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST) into a green, resource-efficient and low-carbon campus by following an action-oriented strategy. Sustainability features of the campus were discussed and benchmarked. Challenges were identified and remedial actions were proposed.Design/methodology/approachTaking 2015 as the baseline year, data on energy, water consumption and solid waste generation for the university campus were collected. Energy consumption for cooling, heating and transportation, besides electric power consumption, were reported, and the associated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were estimated. By calculating the full time equivalent of students and employees, carbon emission and water consumption per capita were calculated. A comparison with other universities worldwide was conducted.FindingsAlthough located in a semiarid region with scarce water resources, JUST has set an example by greening its campus through an action-oriented approach. It was found that the per capita carbon emission for JUST campus was 1.33 ton of CO2 equivalent, which is less than the emissions from campuses of other universities worldwide. As for water, this study revealed that the daily per capita water consumption was about 56 L, which is approximately one-third of that for students in institutions in the USA. Furthermore, the findings of this study indicated that the average solid waste generation rate was 0.37 kg per student per day compared to 0.31 kg per capita per day when considering the university community (students and employees) collectively. These figures were less and thus compare favorably to the corresponding data for other universities in both developing and developed countries.Originality/valueThis research addresses the issue of greening JUST campus, which is one of the largest university campuses in the world. JUST campus is located in a semiarid, water-scarce country, which on its own poses a serious challenge. The originality and value of this study mainly stem from the facts that on the one hand, this is one of the unique and pioneering comprehensive studies of its type and, on the other hand, other universities with similar conditions can benefit from the findings of this research to meet the sustainability objectives on their campus operations.

Potential of Fruit Peels in Becoming Natural Coagulant for Water Treatment

Recycling, composting and the conversion of waste to energy go hand-in-hand in Malaysia, which striving for sustainable waste management. In order to assess what the best alternatives are, it is important to first understand the generation and composition of municipal solid waste (MSW). The objective of this study was to determine the generation rate and composition of MSW in Malaysia TVET campus. The survey was conducted at the Industrial Training Institute, Kuala Lumpur (ITI KL). In this study, the waste composition was categorized into 6 components, in reference to the 2014 World Bank Guidelines, namely organic/food, paper, plastic, glass, metal and others. The results from this study revealed that the rate of solid waste generation at the cafeteria was 0.141kg/capita/day (9,176.00kg per year) and 0.039kg/capita/day with an estimated 7,811.00kg per year at the dining hall. The highest composition for both sampling points was organic or food waste with cafeteria generating 82.87% (20.84kg/day) and dining hall 92.53% (19.80kg/day). This study recommends three effective practices that are suitable for improving commercial solid waste management at TVET campus in Malaysia, which are composting of food waste, giving a reward/merit/penalty as enforcement and providing adequate systematically segregated recycle bins.

Waste Composition Evaluation for Solid Waste Management Guideline in Highland Rural Tourist Area in Thailand

This study investigated municipal solid waste generation rate and its compositionincluding the level of knowledge, attitude and practice on municipal solid waste (MSW) management of highland rural tourist area in Chiang Rai Province, Mae Salong Nok Sub-district, Thailand in order to propose the guidelines for effective MSW in rural tourist areas. Samples of MSW were collected during weekdays and several weekends, and separated into 4 categories: general,recyclable, organic and hazardous waste. About 40 % of the MSW consisted of organic waste; plastic bags were widely present, comprising more than 60 % of the mass of the general waste group. Level of knowledge, attitude and practice(KAP) on MSW was evaluated using questionnaires. While respondents scored 80 % and 76 %, respectively, on their level of knowledge of, and attitude to MSW, practice fell far short at only 37 %. The results led to a recommendation to strengthen waste separation at source, implement waste reduction and recycling concepts to reduce the volume of plastic bags, and introduce composting of food waste. The study also highlights economic and financial benefits of waste recycling. Additional value-added could be derived from the organic waste recycling program by promoting production of bioextracts and compost at household level, in order to reduce the amount of organic wastes and carbon emissions. The general and recyclable wastes could also be converted to energy as refuse-derived fuel 2 (RDF-2); the estimated average heating value of this RDF-2 was 23.56 MJ kg-1. To sustain MSW management in tourist areas, environmental education and environmental awareness campaigns are needed, using the appropriate local languages for communication, and introduction of a fairer system based on the polluter-pays principle for the business sector.

The design of Material Recovery Facilities (MRF)-based Temporary Disposal Site (TDS) at Universitas Airlangga campus C

Material Recovery Facility is a waste management method applied to solve the solid waste problem. This plan uses a sampling method to determine the generation, composition, material balance, and volume of solid waste, as well as for the determination of MRF-based Temporary Disposal Site design at Universitas Airlangga Campus C. Sampling results indicated that the solid waste generation rate in administration and learning activities were 0.081 and 0.018 kg/person/day; gardening 0.0035 kg/m2/day, and street sweeping 0.66 kg/m/day. The percentages of organic waste component of administrative and learning activities were 28.01% and 58%, 96% for gardening, and 100% for street sweeping. The material balance of waste processed at the temporary disposal site and waste disposed to landfill by 612.19 and 259.56 kg/day or 70.23 and 29.77%. The total waste volume was 19.43 m3/day. Therefore, it can be concluded that the design of MRF-based temporary disposal site at Universitas Airlangga Campus C may reduce the waste generation rate disposed to landfill.

Quantification of Municipal Solid Waste-The Essential Basis in Waste Management in Tamale: A Ghanaian City

One of the key ingredients to a sustainable functional solid waste systems in any nation is the existence and continual review of data on solid waste management (SWM). Many urban areas in Ghana are heavily polluted with solid waste and Tamale metropolis is not an exception. Households in the metropolis generates enormous amount of solid waste coupled with waste management practices that inevitably affects the environment. The main objective of the study was to determine the physio-chemical parameter of solid waste at Russia bungalows in the Tamale metropolis. In view of this, the specific objectives of the study was to find out the quantity of solid waste generated, determine the moisture content of the waste, and to find out the waste generation rate of the solid waste applying mathematical models. The research gathered data from two main sources namely: secondary and primary sources. The three main techniques employed in gathering the primary data were: preliminary field investigation, physical separation and household survey. The following key findings were established during the analysis of the results and it showed that the quantity of solid waste generated in the study area was 81.70 kg. The total moisture content of the samples was found to be 48.29%, it means that the waste generated can be used as compost to produce fertiliser on farms. This also showed that the generation rate of solid waste was 0.3148 kg/cap/day. Mathematical model showed a weak relation between the quantity of waste generated and household size. Waste generation rates data are crucial in the wider waste systems planning processes. Further studies on source separation of household waste at different areas in the metropolis.

ASSESSMENT OF SOLID WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT IN SELECTED SCHOOL CAMPUSES IN PUDUCHERRY REGION, INDIA

Among all the prominent contributors of municipal solid waste (MSW), schools have been chosen for the study since the rate of solid waste generation and its respective composition has not been reported or rather has been underestimated in the schools of Puducherry region. Hence, the present paper is an attempt to fill up this gap in our knowledge. The existing waste management system in selected schools was unsystematic and relatively scarce to meet the waste management objectives in precise manner as specified in Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, India. During the study it was found that the average per capita waste generation rate in the selected schools was 0.092 ( 0.025) kg/capita/day varying from a high of 0.117 ( 0.021) kg/capita/day in higher secondary schools to a low of 0.059 ( 0.020) kg/capita/day in primary schools. The mean composition of school waste was made up of 39% food waste; 33% paper; 11% silt, soil and mud (combined); 8% plastic; 2% wood, glass, metal and textile (combine); 2% clinical and sanitary wastes; 1% E-waste; 4% other wastes. Approximately, 70 -80% of generated solid waste was burnt or dumped openly in the premises, 10 -15% collected by municipal authorities and the remaining 6 - 8% recovered through informal recycling and composting facilities. On the basis of the findings, recommendations for developing practices for preventing the wastes generation and efficient management of the generated wastes were suggested. Establishing waste avoidance, handling and recovery policies and programs for food, paper, plastic and soil wastes could significantly influence the success of sustainable solid waste management system at the institute level.

Enablers of sustainable municipal solid waste management system in India

The present study moves beyond the traditional focus of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) of collection and disposal to sustainable MSWM that takes a systems view and addresses issues related to waste prevention, waste reduction, and waste segregation. The empirical study was conducted in large cities in North India that have a very high rate of solid waste generation. The study was conducted in two stages - in the first stage, an empirical study with two major stakeholders, the elected and government officials was conducted. In the second stage, interpretive structural modelling (ISM) is applied to evolve a hierarchy-based relationship among the enablers of sustainable MSWM. According to the results of empirical study, there are disagreements on several issues considered as strategic to implement a sustainable municipal solid waste management. Thus, there is a need to bring all the stakeholders agree on common policy issues of sustainable MSWM. Further, the ISM model shows that there exists a group of variables having a high driving power and low dependence requiring maximum attention and are of strategic importance.

Solid Waste Generation Rate and Management Practices in the Case of Chiro Town, West Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

The current rapid increase in population together with expansion of the town is producing large volumes of wastes, which demand greater infrastructure, institutional setup and community participation for its management. However, most of solid wastes that generated are remaining uncollected and simply dumped at open space. This study focused on identifying the types of solid wastes, waste generation rates, management practices and municipal solid waste management service of Chiro town. The results were based on the data collected from sample respondents that drawn from three kebeles of the town, proportional to total households through simple random sampling techniques. The result revealed that the types of wastes produced by sample respondents were organic matter, plastic, paper and clipboard, metal and others wastes (ash, leather and e-waste). The average solid waste generation rate of the town is 0.304 kg/capita/day. In the town there is no recognized prepared place either for the waste collection or for final disposal. The common disposal places used by the community were ditch (44.95%), local field (20.7%), road side (24.2%), farm land (3.5%) and burning-burying (4.5%). Yet around 2% of the respondents do not know where the wastes come out of their home finally disposed to as they deliver it by informal waste pickers. Therefore, its top priority to prepare the dumping sites and establish institutional setup for proper handling of the waste in the town.

The Generation Rate and Composition of Municipal Solid Waste During the Asian Games XVIII at Jakabaring Sport City Palembang

Jakabaring Sport City is an integrated sports area of 325 Ha, consisting of sports and residential facilities. During the sporting event, the volume of municipal solid waste (MSW) from this region increases along with the number of visitors and athletes who are active in the region. This study aims to measure the generation rate and composition of MSW in the Jakabaring Sport City area during the sporting activities, namely the XVIII Asian Games. Measurements were carried out for seven days in the span of the XVIII Asian Games (18 August 2018 - 2 September 2018). Sampling was carried out in nine sports facilities and all residential facilities located at Jakabaring Sport City (athletes homestead, rental apartments, and apartments), according to the distribution of MSW containers in each facility. The MSW generation rate is obtained by dividing the total volume of waste by total visitors and the day of use of sports or residential facilities. While the composition of MSW (in the wet weight fraction) is divided into organic waste and inorganic waste (plastic, paper and residue). The measurement results show differences in the rate of MSW generation between sports facilities and residential facilities in the Jakabaring Sport City area. In sports facilities, MSW generation rate is measured at 0.0329 kg/person/day with the composition of MSW dominated by organic waste (= 59.19%). The measured density of MSW in sports facilities was 525.80 kg/m3. Whereas in residential facilities, the MSW generation rate is measured at 0.7255 kg/person/day, with the composition of MSW dominated by inorganic waste (= 42%). The average waste density in residential facilities is 270.57 kg/m3. The rate of MSW generation in residential facilities is higher than the rate of MSW generation in the sports area, may be due to differences in usage hours of the two types of facilities. Further research is needed on the rate of waste generation per hour of use in sports facilities during a sporting event in the region.

Assessment of reuse, recycle, and recoverable potential of solid waste

A study was conducted to assess the reuse, recycle, and recoverable potential of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Generation rate, waste type, and physicochemical analysis of MSW were evaluated. Results of MSW analysis indicated that the total amount of MSW generation rate per day at Haramaya University (HU) is estimated to be 2608.56 kg/day. The per capita solid waste generation rate is estimated to be 0.134 kg/cap/day. The three waste categories that contributed the greatest proportion of the total sorted waste at all sources are compostable organic matter (57.31%), papers (16.26%), and fines (10.98%) respectively. These three waste categories accounted for approximately 84.55% of the total waste sorted. The remaining 15.45% of the sorted waste were plastic material (5.82%), miscellaneous (4.45%), cardboards (2.37%), metals (1.30%), glass (0.87%), and textiles (0.63%). The particle size distribution of compostable organic matter is 42.76% (greater than 50 mm), 53.2% (between 10-50 mm), and 4.04% (less than 10 mm). The result shows that a large proportion of compostable organic waste is found in the particle size range of 10-50 mm. The physicochemical composition of selected compostable organic waste was compared with standard values suitable for the composting process. The study further revealed that there has been a generation rate of potentially recyclable were 169.45 tonnes/year papers and carton, 59.49 tonnes/year plastic material, and 11.82 tonnes/year metals (can). These materials should be collected separately (source separation) and can also be a means of income generation to the institute.

Evaluation of the Reality of the Management and Treatment of Solid Waste in Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital

The aim of this study is to evaluate the reality of the management and treatment of solid waste in Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital, it’s observed that total generation rate of solid waste per day was 116.133 kg/day. while the rate of medical waste generation was 55.075 kg/day. More than 50% of this waste was generated in the surgery rooms and patients' rooms. As well as, it was found that the generation rate of waste for each bed per day was (0.87) kg, while it was (0.28 kg/bed.day) of medical solid waste. In addition, the medical wastes characteristics are studied by taking samples during 3 months of 2017, and analyzing them to determine their moisture content and density. The moisture content are observed between (1.7-30%, 40-56%) for medical and general waste respectively. While the density are (270.4 and 239), kg/m3 for medical and general waste respectively. In addition, the number of surgical operations and the number of patients per day are shown to be most important factors affecting the generation rate of medical waste in the hospital. The treatment of medical wastes for Al-Yarmouk Hospital adopts a system of steam sterilization in a special system.

Delineating the plastic waste status in the State of Qatar: Potential opportunities, recovery and recycling routes

The Qatar's national vision (QNV2030) underlines an unequivocal commitment to maintaining harmony between the three inter-dependent pillars of sustainable development: economic growth, social development and environmental management. Nonetheless, it seems that the country is set on a trajectory of unparalleled and rapid development that most waste management and environmental experts would, possibly, characterise as unsustainable; in addition it seems to repeat many of the “errors” that have been made in other parts of the world, including, for example, a lack of developed recycling and waste management infrastructure. The average Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation rate per capita in the Gulf Co-operation countries (GCC) reaches almost 1.5 kg/person/d, with the State of Qatar being close to 1.4 kg/person/d during the past years, thereby ranking the Gulf States as some of the highest waste generating countries globally. Plastics, accounting for approx. 13–14% of the total MSW (in these countries), present both a significant amount as well as a valuable resource to be recovered. In the present work, the authors attempt to delineate the plastic recovery status, based on the current waste management and recycling infrastructure existing and operating in Qatar, outlying the drawbacks, but at the same time highlighting the potential opportunities and benefits in developing the waste management and recovery sector in the country.

Babylon Governorate Municipal Solid Waste Generation Rate

Municipal solid waste generation in Babylon Governorate is often affected by changes in lifestyles, population growth, social and cultural habits and improved economic conditions. This effect will make it difficult to plan and draw up future plans for solid waste management.In this study, municipal solid waste was divided into residential and commercial solid wastes. Residential solid wastes were represented by household wastes, while commercial solid wastes included commercial, institutional and municipal services wastes.For residential solid wastes, the relational stratified random sampling was implemented, that is the total population should be divided into clusters (socio-income level), a random sample was taken in each level in its proportion to the total population. According to the obtained results of the primary survey of 5% standard error and 99% confidence interval, held in Babylon Governorate, the best sample size was 44. Samples were taken as a daily collection for 10 days, this process was repeated for four different periods to cover the change in the waste generation between summer and winter season. The study showed that Babylon Governorate has an average residential solid wastes generation rate of 0.587 kg per capita per day.If the quantities of commercial solid waste were to be added; solid waste generation rate reaches 0.802 kg per capita per day as a 36.6 % increase. The research adopts the value of 0.802 kg/capita. day as a waste generation rate for Babylon Governorate.&#x0D;

Characterization of solid wastes in higher education institutions: the case of Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

The issue of Integrated Solid Waste Management is not limited to campus sustainability, but it is primarily a concern of public health and aesthetic impression to Higher Education Institutions in Ethiopia and elsewhere. To manage such wastes in an integrated approach, characterization of waste is a critical step. Knowledge of the sources and types of solid wastes, along with data on the composition and generation rate, is basic to the design and operation of the later management. In that regard, this study attempts to determine the composition and generation rate of solid waste in Higher Education Institutions. To do that, a standard sorting sheet and methods from related published sources have been applied. Accordingly, the major components of the waste in the university are food (84.41%), other organic (8.99%), paper (3.65%), plastic (1.83%), and the rest accounted 1.12%. The corrected solid waste generation rate is 0.093 kg/capita/day. The major sources of generation were the students’ canteen, the duplication center, laboratories, offices and the general workshop. The solid waste generation and composition studied in two phases did not show a significant difference between seasons (p value > 0.05, on a 5% significance level), while over 93% of the waste generated is compostable. Therefore, the university and other Higher Education Institutions can target a minimal waste policy and stable management plan toward sustainability.

Municipal solid waste generation and disposal in Robe town, Ethiopia

ABSTRACTThe amount of solid waste generated in developing countries is rising over time due to economic growth, change inconsumer behavior, and lifestyles of people. But it is hard to manage and handle the increase of solid waste with existing waste management infrastructure. Thus, the management system of solid waste is very poor and has become a serious problem. The main purpose of this study is to quantify the volume of solid waste generated and investigate factors affecting generation and disposal of wastes in the study area. The result of this study indicated that total waste generated from households was about 97.092 kg/day. Furthermore, the study reveals that the solid waste generation rate of the town is 0.261 kg/person/day. About 57.5% of solid waste is properly disposed of to a landfill site, whereas the remaining 42.5% is illegally dumped at the roadsides and open fields.Implications: Nowadays, in developing countries there is a high concentration of people in urban areas, causing the generation of an enormous concentration of municipal waste in urban areas. Therefore this study’s findings will be important for various policymakers and town planners. This may also serve as a benchmark for the municipal authorities of the town for whom the problem is still invisible and negligible and can push environmental protection authorities to reexamine the implementation of their policies and strategies with regard to the broader issues of human and environmental health conditions of town dwellers.