Solid Waste Dumpsite Research Articles

Insight into occurrence, profile and spatial distribution of organochlorine pesticides in soils of solid waste dumping sites of Pakistan: Influence of soil properties and implications for environmental fate

Waste dumping sites are considered as significant disposal pathway for waste contaminants including pesticides. In the present study OCPs were analyzed in soils of waste dumping sites of Pakistan. The mean concentrations of OCPs were in the order: ∑DDTs>∑HCHs>∑Endosulfan>∑HCB>Heptachlor. Order of overall ∑OCPs contamination with respect to location was Lahore>Sukkur>Karachi>Kamoki>Faisalabad>Hyderabad>Losar>Gujrat>Peshawar. Distribution of OCPs in solid waste dumping site was mainly influenced by textural classes, input history and pollution source. Soil texture was the dominant factor for retention of OCPs, whereas TOC and black carbon has not significantly impacted the concentrations of OCPs. Diagnostic ratios indicated the historical input, anaerobic degradation pathway and use of technical mixtures of DDTs in majority of waste dumping sites whereas for HCHs recent as well as past usage of technical mixture was prevalent in most of the areas. Regression analysis revealed a weak positive correlation of OCPs with socioeconomic indices (HDI, Population, waste generation) which is linked with history of use of these contaminants in the respective areas. Forecasted waste generation quantity for the year 2026 showed that waste generation amount will get doubled by the year 2026 suggesting the need properly designed waste management system.

Spectral characterization and quality assessment of organic compost for agricultural purposes

PurposeThe study presents the physico-chemical, heavy metal and spectral characterization of aerobic compost to assess the suitability of its use for different purposes generated from two different municipal solid waste dumpsites located in the cities of Solan and Mandi in Himachal Pradesh.MethodsThe spectral characteristics of the compost material were determined using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique. The heavy metal analysis of compost material was analyzed through atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The study also focused on the determination of the qualitative nature of compost by utilizing an indexing method based on Fertilizer Control Order (FCO) Standards. The utility of the compost was characterized on the values of ‘Fertility Index’ and ‘Clean Index’.ResultsThe Fertility Index (FI) of compost for Solan and Mandi was observed 3.5 and 3.6, respectively, whereas Clean Index (CI) of compost for both regions was observed 4.0 and 5.0 at the 60th day of sampling, respectively, with the former being classified as category D and the second being classified as category A of high fertilizing potential.ConclusionsThe MSW compost of Solan cannot be used as fertilizer due to its low fertilizing potential. The heavy metal concentration for the study regions has been found within the permissible limits of the fertility control order standards. It is concluded from the study that aerobic composting is a suitable option for processing of waste as well as it can reduce the weight of organic waste in the dumpsite.

EFFECTIVENESS OF PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIER (PRB) ON HEAVY METAL TRAP IN AQUIFER AT SOLID WASTE DUMPSITE: A SIMULATION STUDY

Open dumping of solid waste causes a serious environmental impact on groundwater due tocontamination of landfill leachate rich in heavy metals. Identification of contaminant flow and implementation ofremediation technologies, such as permeable reactive barriers (PRB) are highly demanded and applicable. In thisstudy, a groundwater model, Geo-Environmental Risk Assessment System (GERAS) has been used to simulatetwo-dimensional heavy metal transport in an aquifer at solid waste dumpsite and to estimate the effectiveness ofvirtual PRB on trap heavy metals. First, two cases were examined: 1) Open dumping of waste located above theaquifer and 2) Buried dumping of waste into the aquifer. Concentration changes of heavy metals (Cd and Pb) insidethe aquifer beneath the waste unit, inside PRB, upstream and downstream points to PRB were examined bychanging the hydraulic gradient, distribution coefficient, and pollution load. Results showed the numericalsimulations well captured the wash-out process of heavy metals from the pollutant source. The time required forfull wash-out was highly dependent on the hydraulic gradient, distribution coefficient, pollution load and the wayof waste dumping. In Case 2, a sudden pollution plume was observed with high heavy metal concentrations, bycreating greater risk at the downstream. Next, a virtual PRB was set in downstream of the aquifer by installing asection with a high heavy metal adsorption capacity (based on previous studies). Results showed that in both cases,the virtual PRB well trapped the target metals and reduced the contamination level less than the effluent waterquality standards.

Spatial modelling of gaseous emissions from two municipal solid waste dump sites

ABSTRACT This paper reports the spatial modelling of gaseous emissions from two municipal solid waste dump sites to determine exposure to landfill gases. The AERMOD modelling software and the Mexican Biogas Model were used, with information from nearby meteorological stations for the period 2015–2016. It was observed that, at one of the dump sites, gas emissions reach populated areas, but in concentrations too low to be detected by the olfactory pathway (benzene <5 µg/m3, toluene and xylene <50 µg/m3). At the second dump site, concentrations are greater; there are no population settlements close by. The highest concentrations of benzene, toluene, xylene and hydrogen sulphide are found within, or around, the dump sites, reaching levels greater than 38 μg/m3 for benzene, 770 μg/m3 for toluene and 237 μg/m3 for xylene.

Determination and quantification of phthalic acid esters from the soil collected from the municipal solid-waste dumpsite in Maseru using a simple vortex-assisted low-volume organic solvent extraction

Phthalic acid esters PAEs are some of the most common compounds ubiquitously found in most landfill leachate owing to their abundance in everyday materials such as plastic wares toys etc that always find their way into the landfills This study reports the determination of PAEs from the solid dumpsite in Maseru using a simple low volume organic solvent agitation extraction of the soil samples The extraction process included ethylacetate at mL g of soil sample with seconds agitation using a vortex mixer at room temperature The extraction showed sufficient linearity R and recoveries ranging from to for a component PAE standard mixture Importantly three different PAEs bis ethylhexyl octyl and nonyl esters respectively were quantified at and g g of soil respectively The results thus suggest that the dump site does pose some health threat to the Maseru community owing to the fact that it lies upstream of the municipal water sources However further work is required to investigate the mobility of these compounds downstream in order to assess the extent of the potential problem This approach is very viable for limited sample sizes as well as organic solvents

Evaluation of applicability of filling materials in permeable reactive barrier (PRB) system to remediate groundwater contaminated with Cd and Pb at open solid waste dump sites

Abstract This study aimed to identify appropriate filling materials for a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) system to treat groundwater contaminated with trace metals in the vicinity of solid waste landfills in Sri Lanka. Mixtures of alluvial loamy soil, coconut shell biochar, and laterite clay brick in different proportions were tested as easily-available PRB adsorbents. A series of adsorption and desorption experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of initial concentration, pH, ionic strength, and multiple competitive trace elements on Cd and Pb adsorption onto the tested adsorbents. In addition, hydraulic conductivities (Ks) of the tested adsorbents under different compaction levels were measured to examine a suitable packing condition for the PRB system. Results showed that the Langmuir model performed well for fitting Cd and Pb adsorption isotherms and maximum adsorption capacities (Qm) for Pb (2.1–15.3 mg/g) became higher than those for Cd (0.8–6.8 mg/g). All tested adsorbents showed low leaching of adsorbed metals with high hysteresis indices in desorption studies. In the multiple trace element solution, the existence of other trace metals (Cu, Zn, Ni) had a significant effect on Cd adsorption but less on Pb adsorption. The three mixed adsorbents had no dependency on the initial pH and ionic strength of the solution, while the single material showed a low dependency in both Cd and Pb adsorption. The inclusion of brick was effective to improve the hydraulic property and measured Ks values for the 75% brick mixed materials resulted of >10−4 cm/s at high compaction levels (Dr = 90% and 100%). Three mixed materials can be strongly recommended as a PRB filling material to treat landfill leachate based on their reactivity and hydraulic properties.

The determination of present and possible environmental risks in solid waste dumping site, Tunceli, Turkey

Leachate was a major cause of high risk classification. This landfill was set as one with highest possible risk classification due to high vulnerability of private water wells to contamination from leachate flows. The aim of this study is to determine the present and possible environmental risks of the leachate spreading from solid waste dumping site in Tunceli and offer solutions for those determined environmental risks. For this purpose, the characteristics of the leachate were monitored at two station points detected in the solid waste dumping site for 7 months. The characteristics of the leachate were found for pH between 7.9 and 8.7. Oxidation reduction potential (ORP) occurred between − 143 and − 48 mV while conductivity was between 2.8 and 2.6 mS. Total solid matter (TSM) and suspended solid matter (SSM) were between 1000 and 7000 mg/l, 0.2–22.5 mg/l, respectively, while total volatile solids (TVS) occurred between 300 and 1800 mg/l for the two stations. Alkalinity was approximately between 290 and 5210 mg/l, while biological oxygen demand (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) results were 15–606 mg/l and 60–1160 mg/l, respectively, for two stations in all sampling time. In both stations, orthophosphate, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate, sulfate, and chloride analyses stayed between 3.04 and 921.1 mg/l; 0.29–619.36 mg/l; 8.94–135.04 mg/l; 125.9–1360.9 mg/l and 99.9–1249.9 mg/l, respectively, in 6 months. As a result of the characterization studies obtained from the leachate, it was found that the amounts of water entering into the waste mass and the retention period of the water in the mass were very effective in the temporal character change of the leachate. According to the Discharge Standards for Solid Waste Assessment and Disposal Facilities and Discharge to Waste Water Infrastructure Facilities of waste management regulation, the results were found to be risky. Consequently, the site in question needs to be urgently rehabilitated when considering the environmental risks of the leachate spreading from the site.

Quality Assessment of Water in Municipal Solid Waste Dumpsite Area

Quality Assessment of Water in Municipal Solid Waste Dumpsite Area

Evaluation of ground water quality near Chandi Devi bridge solid waste dumping site at Hairdwar city, (Uttarakhand), India : A case study

The present study observed groundwater quality around Chandi Devi bridge open dumping site at Hardwar (Uttarakhand), India. Five experimental sites viz. sites 2,3 and 5 (hand pumps) and two sites 4,6 (tubewells) within the vicinity of the dumpsite and a reference site viz. site 1 (hand pump) (Bilkeshwar temple) as a control about 5000 meter away, were selected to ascertain the influence of solid waste dumping on groundwater quality around the area. The study showed that physicochemical parameters viz temperature, colour, turbidity, pH, hardness, BOD, COD, fluoride and heavy metals ( lead and iron) of the ground water near the dumping sites-2,3,4,5,6 were higher than their counterpart parameters of the ground water at control site. However, arsenic was not detected in any sample of all the sites. The parameters viz., colour (2.08-3.49 hazen), turbidity (3.05-5.35 NTU), odour (agreeable), pH (7.46-7.80),fluoride (0.10-0.38 ppm), lead (0.00-0.032 ppm), iron (0.01-0.03 ppm) of ground water of all experimental sites were within permissible limits while the parameters BOD (3.73-3.21 ppm), hardness (240.41-203.15 ppm) at site-2, site-3 and DO (5.38-6.28 ppm) of all experimental sites were not found within permissible limits as prescribed by Bureau of Indian standards (2012). Although water was safe for drinking which may be due to higher infiltration rate of river Ganga and Eastern Ganga Canal water but higher value of temperature (oC), colour (hazen), turbidity (ppm), hardness (ppm), BOD (ppm), COD (ppm) fluoride (ppm), iron (ppm) and lead (ppm) at site- 2 was quite alarming. The study would help in making public awareness for waste sorting, adopting green technology and to predict level of contaminants in ground water produced by land filling dumping site.

Assessment of Heavy Metals in Municipal Solid Waste Dumpsite in Harar City, Harari Regional State, Ethiopia

Assessment of Heavy Metals in Municipal Solid Waste Dumpsite in Harar City, Harari Regional State, Ethiopia

Refuse dumpsite and its associated pollutants

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the physico-chemical properties of the groundwater surrounding the Solous (solid waste dumpsite) at Isheri, Lagos, Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 40 groundwater samples were collected from ten pre-determined sampling stations. Three sample stations were established before the dumpsite; three sample stations were located in the vicinity of the dumpsite in the direction of the leachate plume, while the remaining four sample stations were situated further away and acted as a control. Sampling was carried out four times during the study period (twice each in the rainy and dry seasons). The parameters measured in situ were air and water temperatures (using mercury-in-glass bulb thermometer) and pH (using pH meter). Calcium and magnesium contents were measured using the Ca-Mg indicator; sodium content was measured using the flame emission spectrophotometry and phosphate was measured using the flame photometry. The selected heavy metals (copper, iron, lead, cadmium, zinc and manganese) were measured by using the atomic absorption spectrometer. The oxygen parameters, such as dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and organic matter, were determined titrimetrically. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA).FindingsThe results showed that many parameters had higher values in the dry season than in the rainy season. Temperature (27.75±0.95°C), alkalinity (211.37±82.78 mg/LCaCO3), phosphate (0.30±0.07 mg/L) and sulfate (2.78±0.35 mg/L), sodium ion (41.95±18.86 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (2.98±0.57 mg/L) and COD (33.54±4.50 mg/L) had higher mean values in the dry season than in the rainy season. On the other hand, the mean values of electrical conductivity (1,224.85±370.63), nitrate (0.01±0.003 mg/L), chloride (98.76±21.58 mg/L), calcium ion (5.38±0.68 mg/L), magnesium ion (3.05±0.05 mg/L), BOD (22.37±2.20 mg/L) and pH (6.31±0.18) were higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. The heavy metals (iron 1.10±0.05 mg/L, lead 0.12±0.07 mg/L, manganese 0.01±0.004 mg/L, copper 0.15±0.003 mg/L, zinc 0.07±0.004 mg/L and cadmium 0.02±0.02 mg/L) were fairly uniform all year round. There was also a marked decline in the values as one moved away from the dumpsite.Practical implicationsThe implication of the findings is that human health is remarkably dependent upon safe and clean drinking water. Preserving the water resources and hindering them from pollution is preferred to the treatment of polluted water and rendering it suitable for consumption. The high electrical conductivity values obtained in the groundwater samples near the dumpsites are an indication of the effect of leachate on the groundwater quality. The high concentrations of dissolved solids in the groundwater may decrease the palatability and may cause gastro-intestinal irritation in humans, and laxative effect particularly on transits.Originality/valueThe pollutants from the various waste components disposed at the dumpsite percolate into the ground to pollute the groundwater. The groundwater is transported in the line of flow away from the vicinity of the dumpsite to pollute the groundwater in the area. The extent of contamination level of groundwater quality due to leachate percolation depends upon a number of factors like chemical composition of leachate, rainfall, depth and distance of the well from the dumpsite. Groundwater samples of different depths and distances from dumpsites were analyzed in the present study to understand the level of a combination.

Comprehensive analysis of inhalable toxic particulate emissions from an old municipal solid waste dumpsite and neighborhood health risks

This paper presents the temporal characteristics of toxic fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions from a 30-year old municipal solid waste (MSW) dumpsite and associated health risks. The daily average concentrations of PM2.5 monitored near the MSW dump site were found to be 52.78 ± 23.22, 72.34 ± 24.90, 45.82 ± 13.91 μg/m3 respectively during monsoon, winter and summer seasons. The concentration of toxic heavy metals (THMs) such as As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn were observed to be higher in the PM2.5 samples of dumpsite as compared to other urban locations. Results also confirmed that emissions of THMs were from burning of mixed waste (no source separated segregation). The ionic composition of PM2.5 indicated the dominance of SO42− (>25%) and NH4+ (>20%) ions which suggests the occurrence of frequent fires and organic decomposition of municipal wastes. The toxic organic functional groups of aldehyde and ketone, carbonyls were also detected by infrared attenuated total reflectance (IR-ATR) spectra. The analysis of PM2.5 samples collected at dumpsite indicated that ambient air is more toxic during winter periods. The estimated inhalation cancer risks associated with PM2.5 bound THMs indicated the adverse health implications in the neighboring communities. Source apportionment of PM2.5 by UNMIX model showed the significant contribution from mixed garbage burning, re-suspension of soil dust and sea salt.

Evaluation of suspended particulate matter (SPM) around municipal solid waste dumpsites in yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria

Evaluation of suspended particulate matter (SPM) around municipal solid waste dumpsites in yenagoa metropolis, Nigeria

DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METAL CONTENT IN THE SOIL SAMPLE FROM THE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DUMP SITE IN MASERU

Heavy metals are mostly occurring naturally in the environment and their concentrations may be altered by anthropogenic activities such as wastes disposal. The study investigated and determined the presence of heavy metals in Ts’osane solid-waste dumping site in Maseru. Soil samples were randomly collected from the dumping site and screened qualitatively through chloride and hydroxide precipitation. Quantitative analyses of the acid leachate for few suspected heavy metals – cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese and zinc were done using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry resulting in concentration in the range of 0.2 to 95 µg g-1 of soil which are way above the soil’s holding capacity that ranged between 0.05 and 0.225 µg g-1 of soil. Other parameters studied included the effect of pH, temperature and time of exposure to water. This revealed that prolonged exposure to water mimicking continued rainy conditions could lead to different leaching rates with copper ions demonstrating the lowest leaching rate over a period of five weeks as opposed to manganese which demonstrates about 170% on the fifth week relative to the first week, while as expected lower pH and higher temperatures favoured leaching of the metal ions. Lastly the soil-metal holding capacity was determined whereby it was shown that the soil bound lead the strongest (90%) while iron was the weakest bound (20%). The obtained values are worrisome since this dumpsite is upstream of the municipal water source for the Maseru Municipality.

Quantifying greenhouse gas emissions from municipal solid waste dumpsites in Cameroon

Open dumpsites that receive municipal solid waste are potentially significant sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere. There is little data available on emissions from these sources, especially in the unique climate and management of central Africa. This research aimed at quantifying CH4, N2O and CO2 emissions from two open dumpsites in Cameroon, located in Mussaka-Buea, regional headquarters of the South West Region and in Mbellewa-Bamenda, regional headquarters of the North West Region. Emissions were measured during the wet season (May 2015 and August 2016) at the Mussaka and Mbellewa dumpsites respectively. Dumpsite surfaces were partitioned into several zones for emission measurements, based on the current activity and the age of the waste. Static flux chambers were used to quantify gas emission rates thrice a day (mornings, afternoons and evenings). Average emissions were 96.80 ± 144 mg CH4 m−2 min−1, 0.20 ± 0.43 mg N2O m−2 min−1 and 224.78 ± 312 mg CO2 m−2 min−1 in the Mussaka dumpsite, and 213.44 ± 419 mg CH4 m−2 min−1, 0.15 ± 0.15 mg N2O m−2 min−1 and 1103.82 ± 1194 mg CO2 m−2 min−1 at the Mbellewa dumpsite. Emissions as high as 1784 mg CH4 m−2 min−1, 2.3 mg N2O m−2 min−1 and 5448 mg CO2 m−2 min−1 were measured from both dumpsites. Huge variations observed in emissions between the different zones on the waste surface were likely a result of the heterogeneous nature of the waste, different stages in waste decomposition and different environmental conditions within the waste. Management activities that disturb waste, such as spreading and compressing potentially increase gas emissions, while covering waste with a layer of soil potentially mitigate gas emissions. Recommendations were for dumpsites to be upgraded to sanitary landfills, and biogas production from such landfills should be exploited to reduce CH4 emissions.

Gamma dose profile and risk to scavengers and occupants near waste dumpsites in coastal Nigeria

Radioactive waste handling and disposal are a major topic in radiation protection. The comparative survey of gamma radiation exposure in the vicinity of some ordinary, general waste dumpsites in this study indicates that they could also pose radiation health hazards. The mean Absorbed Dose Rate (ADR) from all the dumpsites was 309 ± 2.12 nGy h−1. The ADR near the landfills was higher than those of e-waste, metal scraps and municipal solid waste dumpsites. The results also show that the waste dumps contribute to the gamma ADR in their vicinity. ANOVA revealed that ADR at different distances from each of the dumpsites had a statistical variation at the 0.05 significance level. The scavengers and occupants of shanties near the dumpsites receive annual effective doses above the value accepted worldwide average of 0.07 mSv.

Assessment of environmental impact of solid waste dumpsites using remote sensing

This study presents a remote sensing approach of using freely available Landsat 8 satellite Indicators ( Land Surface Temperature ( LST ), Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index ( SAVI )) and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) geospatial data to assess the impact of dumpsites on the environment in Benin City, Nigeria. The finding reveals that the average derived LST at the dumpsites were higher than the immediate surrounding, and the average SAVI values were lower than the immediate surrounding. The high values of LST at the dumpsites depict the effect of gases released because of decomposition activities, while low values of SAVI indicate vegetation response to soil and ground water contamination due to leachate infiltration. The average elevation within the dumpsite area derived from SRTM DEM was also applied as a proxy to estimate disposed waste quantity, and related closely with LST that depict biodegradation activities. The result presented here shows that bacterial and fungal counts correlate strongly with the LST and SAVI values at each of the dumpsites R 2 : LST vs Bacteria Count = 0.982, LST vs Fungi Count = 0.951; SAVI vs Bacteria Count = 0.745, SAVI vs Fungi Count = 0.664, thereby suggesting remote sensing can be applied to aid longterm dumpsite monitoring and management. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v37i1.36

Analysis of Ground Water Quality and Leachate of Surrounding Mavallipura Msw Site Bangalore

The experiment was conducted in Mavallipura MSW dumping site, located at N 13º O6' 36" and East 77º 31' 38.8" longitude, Bangalore North covering an area of 300 Ha Bangalore North. Due to the industrialization and urbanization, various types of wastes produced from the city are dumped in low lying areas and outside the cities without proper treatment and engineering controls. As water percolates through MSW, it makes leachate that consists of decomposing organic matter combined with iron, mercury, lead, zinc, nickel, cadmium, copper, and Manganese, which is cause for the groundwater contamination in the nearby areas of the dumpsite. So there is a need for groundwater analysis around the dumpsite to know what extent groundwater has been contaminated. The wastes may solid, liquid, @ semisolids, from industries and domestic areas. Leachate and groundwater samples were collected from municipal solid waste dumpsite of Mamallapuram which comes under Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara like Bangalore. The water samples are collected within the radius of 2 km around the solid waste dumping site for study. The results of physicochemical analysis of the subsurface water samples indicated that the normal water suitable for drinking needs magnesium 50mg/l and whereas the samples drawn from this site was 495.97mg/l. The electrical conductivity of sample water was reached up to 4720 μs/cm as against 2500 for normal water. The total hardness in sample water was 510.48mg/l against the 350mg/l in normal water. Similarly for other parameters assess were sodium, nitrate, and TDS which were found to be 1906.5mg/l, 141.67mg/l and 2734mg/l respectively against the normal water contents 200,50 and 500mg/l respectively. The leachate was also analyzed and it was found that magnesium was reached at 740mg/l, electrical conductivity is very high to the tune of 46400 μs/cm. The total hardness in the leachate was 1300mg/l and nitrate was reached to 257mg/l based on this study it is concluded that the underground water is fully contaminated which is not fit for drinking in future days.

Physicochemical Characteristics of Soil Moisture and Their Effects on the Corrosion Behavior of Buried Mild Steel in Calabar Metropolis, Nigeria

Soil moisture collected from three locations, namely University of Calabar (UNICAL), Calabar municipal solid waste dumpsite (MSWD) and a mechanic workshop (MW) all within Calabar metropolis, Nigeria, were analyzed quarterly in a one year study at different depths (0.5 m and 1 m) for some physicochemical parameters. UV-visible spectrophotometer, titration and atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) were the employed analytical techniques. With the exception of chloride, all other parameters showed higher values with depth. Higher values for the analyzed parameters were generally reported for MSWD and this was largely the result of the presence of a variety of contaminants in this location. Microbial analysis of soil samples from the locations revealed the presence of SRB in MW, which could have possibly influenced the soil moisture chemistry of the location. Corrosion rate was calculated from weight loss measurements and the quarterly results were all for follow the trend: UNICAL < MW < MSWD. At the end of the 4th quarter, the corrosion rates at 0.5 m depth were 0.0057, 0.0070, and 0.0101 mm/hour for UNICAL, MW, and MSWD, respectively, while their corresponding values at 1 m depth were 0.0087, 0.0114, and 0.0128 μm/hour. The values were shown to increase with depth. R-mode factor analysis identified some important factors which could have been responsible for the variation in the chemistry of the soil moisture.

Studies on soil quality indices and agricultural functionality potentials of Ariara Market Solid Waste Dumpsite Aba, Abia State, Nigeria

Soil physicochemical properties and selected enzyme activities were assessed at thirteen different points at a depth of 0-45cm (sample A) and 46-90cm (sample B) from Ariara Market solid waste dump site Aba, Abia State. Control samples were collected 100m away from discharge point devoid of solid waste impaction. The studied points were discharge point (DC), 4 meters away East (E1), West (W1), North (N1), and South (S1) from the center of the dumpsite and 8 meters away East (E2), West (W2), North (N2) and South (S2) from the center of the dumpsite. Results indicated an alkaline pH for all the studied points. Significantly high (p&lt;0.05) temperatures and percentage moisture contents were also obtained at the discharge points (DC) of the dumpsite compared to control points. Similarly, dumpsite alkaline phosphatase, hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase and urease activities were significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than those of control points at 0-45cm depth (sample A). These finding suggest that wastes from this dumpsite could be harnessed as biofertilizers for agricultural purposes.