Solid Waste Dumpsite Research Articles

Isolation and identification of low-density polyethylene degrading novel bacterial strains.

Plastics are usually made up of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) that serve as the environmental nuisance. The recalcitrant nature of plastics is a huge concern, whereas the increasing demand has made it difficult to handle the plastic waste that eventually leads to plastic pollution. In recent years, due to increasing demand and high pressure for its safe disposal, plastic biodegradation has gained a lot of attention. In the current study, four bacterial strains were isolated from the solid-waste dumpsites of Faisalabad, Pakistan, using enrichment culture technique. The isolated bacterial strains were capable of growing on media having polystyrene as the sole carbon source. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the isolated strains Serratia sp., Stenotrophomonas sp. and Pseudomonas sp. were identified as the potential strains for the biodegradation of LDPE. Serratia sp. resulted in 40% weight loss of the LDPE plastic pieces after 150days of treatment. Stenotrophomonas sp. and Pseudomonas species resulted in 32 and 21% weight loss of the treated piece of plastics (LDPE), respectively. Polyethylene pieces were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis before and after biodegradation. The FTIR spectra indicated that the isolated bacterial strains have a good potential to degrade LDPE. Future studies are required to investigate the bacterial genetic makeup, mechanisms of LDPE biodegradation and the factors that can enhance the biodegradable characteristics of these indigenously isolated bacterial strains.

Optimization and production of antimicrobial compounds by Aspergillus flavus MTCC 13062 and its synergistic studies

The current study was focused on the antimicrobial activities of Aspergillus flavus MTCC 13062 strain isolated from solid waste dumping site, Hisar (INDIA) which showed remarkable inhibitory effect against the test organisms ( Streptococcus gordonii, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas florescens and Candida albicans ). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was performed to optimize the production of bioactive compounds by Aspergillus flavus MTCC 13062 which considerably increased the antimicrobial activity by 22%, 75% and 50% in E. coli , S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively at pH 7.5, temperature 28 °C and incubation period of 7 days. LC-MS was used to confirm the molecular weight and purity of the bioactive compound, while FTIR spectroscopy confirmed its structural characterization. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay was carried out using dichloromethane extracts of Aspergillus flavus MTCC 13062 and results indicated MIC value as low as 25 μg/mL against S. aureus and E. coli while 50 μg/mL against C. albicans. Antifungal susceptibility test of Aspergillus flavus MTCC 13062 revealed that it was susceptible to Itraconazole, Fluconazole, Terbinafine, Kanamycin and Amphotericin B with zone of inhibition ranging from 10 to 24 mm . Furthermore, synergistic studies were carried out using commercial antibiotics in combination with the fungal extract and promising results were observed. We conclude that future implementation of the combinatorial results may help reduce the prescribed dosage of these antibiotics and thereby reducing the potential risks associated with the high doses of these harmful antibiotics. • A. flavus MTCC 13062 with antimicrobial potential was isolated from solid waste. • Optimization (RSM) yielded increase in antimicrobial activity by 1.1–1.7 fold. • Glycenopyrin (C 9 H 13 NO 5 ) identified as the bioactive compound using LC-MS analysis. • Purified extracts showed MIC values as 25 μg/mL against E. coli and S. aureus. • Synergism was observed on combining fungal extract with selected antibiotics.

Evaluation of Soil and Groundwater Quality at the New Georgia Open Dumpsite in Caldwell, Liberia

Leaching emanating from municipal solid waste dumpsite is one of the major causes of soil and groundwater contamination. This study was conducted to determine the extent to which the open dumpsite in New Georgia, Liberia has impacted soil and groundwater quality in the vicinity and recommend strategy to reduce those impacts where quality issues are critical.

Techno-commercial Assessment of Concurrent Municipal Brown Field Reclamation Procedures: A Pivotal Case study of Jawahar Nagar Dump Site

Techno-commercial Assessment of Concurrent Municipal Brown Field Reclamation Procedures: A Pivotal Case study of Jawahar Nagar Dump Site

Evaluation of Heavy metals pollution around Kano municipal solid waste Dumpsites, Kano state, Nigeria

The research was conducted to assess the level of heavy metals contamination using single and integrated pollution indices in soils around municipal solid waste dumpsites of Kano Metropolis, Kano State, Nigeria. Forty two soil samples were collected from seven municipal solid waste dumpsites of Kano metropolis using circular plot method. A stainless hand auger at a depth of (0 to 15) top soils and sub-surface soils (15-30cm) depth were collected and analyzed with Flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer to determine the heavy metal concentration. The mean concentration (mg/kg) of heavy metals from the depth of (15-30 cm) were observed to follow a decreasing order Pb (7.71)>Zn (0.50) > Ni (0.45) > Cr (0.31) > Cd (0.025) while for surface soils (0- 15cm) the mean concentration were in the following order: Pb (1.77) > Ni (0.49) > Zn (0.30) > Cr (0.27) > Cd (0.012).The results showed that calculated CF and Er recorded that investigated soil samples are uncontaminated with Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr and Pb and Ni. The pollution load index (PLI) was less than unity showing that there was minimum pollution in the studied dumpsite. The potential ecological risk showed that soil samples were in the class of low contaminated with the studied heavy metals. The results showed that concentrations of heavy metals of soil samples from dumpsites location at waste dumpsites of Kano Metropolis were within limits of European Union (2002) standards.

Environmental monitory and impact assessment of solid waste dumpsite using multispectral imagery in Yenagoa, Bayelsa state, Nigeria

Environmental monitory and impact assessment of solid waste dumpsite using multispectral imagery in Yenagoa, Bayelsa state, Nigeria

Environmental risk assessment in selected dumpsites in Abakaliki metropolis, Ebonyi state, southeastern Nigeria

Metal leaching into adjacent agricultural soil from dumpsites continues to hamper the quality of produce around the world. Three strategically located major solid waste Dumpsites within Abakaliki metropolis were selected and assessed for potential environmental risks of heavy metals. Samples of the soils from the dumpsites were collected from 0 to 15 cm and 15 to 30 cm soil depth. Multivariate approaches, descriptive statistics and contamination indices were employed. Metal concentrations were compared with local and international standard and most were found to be within the threshold. The results further showed that phosphate (PO43−), nitrate (NO3−) sulphate (SO42−), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) varied within depths and across dumpsites. Metal concentration was generally higher at 0–15 cm depth and decreased at 15–30 cm. The distribution trend across the studied dumpsites was Fe > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Anions (NO3−, PO43− and SO42−) concentrations generally increased with depth. We used the world average elemental concentrations as a benchmark for risk assessment. The factor of contamination (CF) and the environmental risk index (RI) indicated high contamination as well as environmental risks. The factor of enrichment (EF), Geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and modified environmental risk index (MRI) indicated very high enrichment and environmental risks of Pb, Cd, and Cu. Phyto-remediation, bioremediation, perimeter fencing, and periodic soil monitoring were recommended to restore the degraded soil for improved agricultural productivity.

Comparison of respiratory and skin disorders between residents living close to and far from Solous landfill site in Lagos State, Nigeria.

BackgroundSolid waste dump sites have proven to have potentially high risk to human health as it serves as a source of air, soil and underground water pollution.AimThis study aimed to assess and compare the knowledge, respiratory disorders and skin disorders between residents living close to and far from landfill sites in Lagos State, Nigeria.SettingIgando (a community within 5 km close to) and Badagry (a community beyond 5 km from) Solous Landfill sites in Lagos state, Nigeria.MethodsA comparative cross-sectional study amongst 103 respondents recruited from each of the two study sites by multistage sampling method was carried out. Data were collected using pretested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire, and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2007, EPI Info 7 and WinPepi statistical software packages. Student t-test, Fisher’s exact and Chi-square tests were carried out. The p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe mean age of Igando and Badagry respondents was 34.18 ± 10.21 years and 32.62 ± 9.84 years, respectively. The two communities differed significantly (p < 0.0001) with respect to distance of workplace from landfill site and duration of stay in the residential location. The mean knowledge score of respondents on respiratory and skin disorders associated with solid waste dump site close to landfill sites (82.53 ± 20.60) was statistically significantly higher than those of respondents far from landfill sites (71.84 ± 20.57) (p = 0.0003). Respiratory and skin disorders experiences of respondents close to landfill sites were statistically significantly (p < 0.0001) higher than those of residents far from landfill sites with respect to wheezing, frequent sneezing, unpleasant odour, fever and skin rashes.ConclusionRespiratory and skin disorders experienced by respondents close to landfill sites are higher than those of residents far from landfill sites. Landfill sites should not be located close to human settlements.

Feasibility of biodegradation of Azamethiphos; odour and fly controlling chemical used in open solid waste dumpsite at Karadiyana, Colombo, Sri Lanka

The Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka publishes the results of research in all aspects of Science and Technology. The journal also has a website at http://www.nsf.gov.lk/. 2020 Impact Factor: 0.515The JNSF provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.

Impact of municipal solid waste dumpsites on trace metal contamination levels in the surrounding area: a case study in West Africa, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire

The impact of uncontrolled municipal dumping sites on metal contamination in the surrounding waters, sediments, and soils are of great concern in many developing countries. Total concentrations of trace metals Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Co were measured in 33 sediments collected in the vicinity of the Akouedo dumpsite (Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire) and in a baseline station. The Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb concentrations in surface sediments around the dumpsite were at least three times higher than those at the reference station, suggesting that the Akouedo dumping site is a significant contamination source of these metals to the surrounding sediments. The extent of contamination affects sediment as deep as 100 cm. Sediment pH and total organic carbon content control the distribution of Cu, Zn, and Cd in subsurface sediments. Significant Cd, Zn, and Cu enrichments were measured at the dumpsite and its surrounding environment. Zn concentrations in the sediments might cause high ecological risks at 46% of the samples based on the sediment quality guidelines (SQGs). Single and sequential extraction results showed a low mobility rate of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Ni from sediments around the dumpsite. However, the results suggest that the high total metal concentrations in the dumpsite sediments have resulted in a significant metal load in the surrounding environment.

Dynamics of PM2.5 pollution in the vicinity of the old municipal solid waste dumpsite.

The present study explored the effect of local meteorology on the dispersion of PM2.5 from a 30-year open municipal solid waste (MSW) dumpsite in Chennai, India. The spatial monitoring was conducted in and around the dumpsite to understand the impacts of dumpsite activities on the nearby residential area. Results showed that dumpsite activities are responsible for deteriorating local air quality. The 24-h average PM2.5 concentrations were 50, 43.7, and 34µgm-3 during stagnation, recirculation, and ventilation events, respectively. Spearman's correlation showed an inverse relationship between PM2.5 and temperature; wind speed indicated dispersion of fine aerosols. The observed inverse relationship between PM2.5 and relative humidity indicated the hygroscopic growth of fine aerosols in the study area. We used AERMOD to simulate the dispersion of 1-h, 8-h, and 24-h PM2.5 emissions from open waste burning in the dumpsite. The 1-h, 8-h, and 24-h simulated results showed the maximum concentration of 247, 136, and 53.4µgm-3 in the dumpsite, and concentration levels ranged between 50-60, 30-50, and 10-20µgm-3 were observed in the nearby residential area. The AERMOD predictions indicated that open waste burning could be a significant contributor to high PM2.5 concentration in an adjacent residential area of the dumpsite.

Assessment of Levels and Ecological Risks of Some Selected Potentially Toxic Metals in Soils around Onne Dumpsite, Rivers State, Nigeria

The concentrations of selected potentially toxic metals and other soil physico-chemical variables in soil receptacles of a solid waste dumpsite at Onne, Nigeria were assessed to ascertain the levels of contamination and ecological risks. Surface soils (0 – 20 cm depth) from four sampling areas (north, south, east and west) of the dumpsite were analyzed for Cd, Pb, Ni, As and Cr, using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Single and integrated ecological risks indices were calculated using established models. Results revealed the mean values (mg/kg) of Cd (1.00 – 3.09), Pb (125.37 – 285.48), Ni (10.37 – 16.17), As (0.26 – 0.87), Cr (52.16 – 77.17). Assessment of ecological risk indices for north, south, east and west showed {PLI (2.38, 1.27, 1.17 and 1.33), EF (1.01, 16.0, 13.90 and 56.0), Cd (21.50, 11.10, 9.49 and 10.90), PERI (392.0, 132.0, 148.0 and 157.0), PIAvg (5.17, 2.55, 2.27 and 2.56), PINemerow (7.75, 3.80, 3.18 and 3.38) } respectively. These implied that the soils around the dumpsite area were polluted due to enrichment of the selected metals and therefore of low quality. Ecological risk reduction strategies were also recommended.

Characterization of Gas Transport Properties of Compacted Solid Waste Materials

Gas transport parameters such as gas diffusivity (Dp/D0), air permeability (ka), and their dependency on void space (air-filled porosity, ε) in a waste body govern convective air and gas diffusion at solid waste dumpsites and surface emission of various gases generated by microbial processes under aerobic and anaerobic decompositions. In this study, Dp/D0(ε) and ka(ε) were measured on dumping solid waste in Japan such as incinerated bottom ash and unburnable mixed waste as well as a buried waste sample (dumped for 20 years). Sieved samples with variable adjusted moistures were compacted by a standard proctor method and used for a series of laboratory tests for measuring compressibility, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and gas transport parameters. Results showed that incinerated bottom ash and unburnable mixed waste did not give the maximum dry density and optimum moisture content. Measured compressibility and saturated hydraulic conductivity of tested samples varied widely depending on the types of materials. Based on the previously proposed Dp/D0(ε) models, the diffusion-based tortuosity (T) was analyzed and unique power functional relations were found in T(ε) and could contribute to evaluating the gas diffusion process in the waste body compacted at different moisture conditions.

Spatial distribution of microplastic concentration around landfill sites and its potential risk on groundwater

Plastic plays a major role in today’s human life; moreover, it becomes a part of our life, yet it is a most challenging threat for the freshwater ecosystems in the future. The present study identifies, characterizes, and quantifies the microplastics in groundwater samples around Perungudi and Kodungaiyur municipal solid waste dumpsites in South India. To evaluate and assess the microplastic abundance, characteristics (composite, size, colour, shape, and surface morphology), detection methods of plastic particles, and potential risk factors from the absorption of microplastic in groundwater. Further, the microplastic particle classification was performed using LB-340 Zoom Stereo Microscope with LED Illumination, ATR-FTIR fitted with SEM with EDX analyzer. The groundwater samples (n = 20) were found contaminated with microplastic particles in the range of 2–80 items/L with coloured particles, white (38%), black (27%), green (8%), red (18%), blue (6%), and yellow (2%). The polymer type was found to occur in the following order: nylon (70%), pellets (18%), foam (6%), fragments (3%), fibers/PVC (2%), and polythene (1%). In both sampling sites, 90% of microplastics are derived from the buried plastics and waste fragmentation which are predominantly of polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS). Micro and nano plastics abundance in groundwater is of paramount importance as it has a major impact on human health. This study throws light on the characteristics and quantification of the microplastics in groundwater that initiates further research by which microplastics enter into the environment.

Environmental and health risk implications of air quality in the vicinity of the Port Harcourt Airport road dumpsite

This study examines environmental and health risk implications of air quality in the vicinity of the Port Harcourt airport road dumpsite. The study objectives are to determine air quality in the vicinity of the Port Harcourt airport road dumpsite of the municipal solid waste, examine the health risk implications of air quality in the study location, ascertain the environmental implications of the air quality in the vicinity of the dumpsite, and identify if there are variations in air quality in the different sections in the study location. Air quality was determined using standard operating procedures where samples were collected at the dump, 250 m and 500 m away from the dumpsite. The samples were collected in the morning, afternoon and evening hours of the same day. The samples collected from these locations were taken in-situ amongst which are (Co2, CH4, O2, Co, H2S, PM-2.5, PM-10, Ni, Cr, Temperature and RH). Survey questionnaire was administered, in order to complement the field results. Three hypotheses were also tested using ANOVA and the Chi-square analytical tool. The findings of the study show that Nickel and Chromium amongst other parameters were above the WHO standard limits. Therefore, the quality of air within the vicinity of the dumpsite is considered polluted. Consequently, URTI and skin rashes are the common ailments that are prevalent in the area of study. Thus, the municipal solid waste dumpsite constitutes both environmental and health implications to the human population within the vicinity of the Port Harcourt airport road dumpsite. In this regard, this study recommends that the citing of waste dump should be done in line with standard regulations and prohibits the development of residential settlements within 3 km radius from any dumpsite.

Kinetics and Stoichiometry of an Efficient Methanotroph Methylosarcina sp. LC-4 Isolated from a Municipal Solid Waste Dumpsite

AbstractIn recent times methanotrophs have gained immense interest due to their ability to sequester and utilize methane, which is an inexpensive carbon source as well as a very potent greenhouse g...

Comprehensive solid waste dumpsite selection in arid cities of Northeastern Ethiopia: A spatial-MCDA approach

ABSTRACT In the coming three decades, world waste will be expected to increase by 70%. Coupled with the absence of waste management technologies, unregulated dumping remained a threat to sustainable development in developing countries. To this end, this study emphasized to trace socially acceptable and environmentally friendly solid waste dumpsite for the northeastern arid cities of Ethiopia. The tuneful integration of GIS and MCDA was used for the end-to-end processing of 17 variables. At the earlier, to increase alternative dumpsites and seeking for safe zone outside the cities, 20 km buffer at Semera-logia city was used as a spatial scope of the study. Fifteen key informants (KIs) from related departments of the city and Samara University were selected to validate the model result. In the end, Ordinal Regression (OR) analysis was used to test the significance of the criteria’s on suitable dumpsite selection. The pair-wise comparison matrix shows that variables such as distance from surface water (11.32%), distance from the settlement (9.88%), distance from boreholes (8.87%), and aquifer productivity (8.51%) were the top weighed criteria for the study area. The weighted overlay result shows that 10.75% and 38.64% of the study area are found to be convenient and prohibited for dumping, respectively. Indeed, the KIs were agreed on 77% of the validation points and the agreement decreases from points of not-suitable to highly suitable. Except for aquifer productivity, all the 16 variables are significantly and negatively affect dumpsites suitability. This result can be further used as a preliminary database for experts to design landfill structures and also management operations for decision-makers. Implications: The identification of potential dumpsite is an important step towards maximizing efficiency and building sustainability in the arid areas. The decision-making process shall be based on the empirical investigation. The decision-making process on dumpsite selection were well thought out both the socio-economic and environmental factors. In owing process, the empirical investigation that was conducted focusing on socio-economic dimension jeopardized other components of the environments. The approach that considers both socio-economic and spatial factors was all-inclusive. Overall, decision-makers could have a good insight to work on prioritizing dumpsite alternatives and implement feasible waste management actions.

Dumpsite leachate as a hotspot of multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae harbouring extended spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase genes; a case study of Awotan municipal solid waste dumpsite in Southwest Nigeria

Leachates generated by solid waste dumpsites could be a factor in the development of antibiotic resistance in environmental bacteria. In Nigeria, there is a dearth of information on the contribution of leachates from dumpsite to the ever-increasing trend of antibiotic resistance. A total of 250 cefotaxime-resistant bacteria recovered from dumpsite leachate was screened for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production using the double disc synergy test and 41 were ESBL producers. The ESBL producers belonged to four genera and were identified as Escherichia (20), Citrobacter (13), Enterobacter (6) and Raoultella (2). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out using disk diffusion method, while detection of extended spectrum and AmpC β-lactamase genes was done using Real-Time PCR. All the ESBL- producing bacteria were multidrug resistant, with 100% resistance observed to cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, tetracycline, sulfonamide, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, ertapenem and imipenem, while 81.6% and 63.1% of the ESBL producers showed resistance to ceftazidime and amoxicillin-clavulanate respectively. blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-9 groups of CTX-M β-lactamases were detected in 33 (80.5%) of the isolates, while 26 (63.4%) harboured the blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8 and blaCTX-M-25 groups. blaTEM was detected in 31 (75.6%) of the ESBL producers, while blaSHV was detected in 13 (31.7%). One isolate (E. coli AW-32) carried blaCMY-1 gene. None of the isolates carried blaKPC, blaNDM-1 and blaampC genes, while seven isolates were devoid of any gene. There was co-occurrence of resistance genes in thirty of the isolates. This study has revealed that dumpsite leachates could be important reservoirs of multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae harbouring extended spectrum and AmpC β-lactamases genes.

Methane emission from municipal solid waste dumpsites: A case study of Chennai city in India

The indiscriminate growth in global population poses a threat to the world in handling and disposal of Municipal solid waste. Rapid urban growth increases the production, consumption and generation of Municipal solid waste which leads to a drastic change in the environment. The methane produced from the Municipal Solid waste accounts for up to 11% global anthropogenic emissions, which is a major cause for global warming. This study reports the methane emission estimation using IPCC default, TNO, LandGEM, EPER and close flux chamber from open dump yards at Perungudi and Kodungaiyur in Chennai, India. The result reveals that the methane emission using close flux chamber was in the range of 8.8 Gg/yr-11.3 Gg/yr and 6.1Gg/yr to 9.1 Gg/yr at Kodungaiyur and Perungudi dump yard respectively. The per capita waste generation was estimated based on waste generation and population. The waste generation potential was projected using linear regression model for the period 2017-2050. The trend of CH4 emission in the actual field measurement were increased every year, similarly the emission trend also increased in IPCC default method (mass balance approach), EPER Germany (zero order decay model) where as TNO and Land GEM (first order decay model) were decreased. The present study reveals that Kodungaiyur dump yard is more vulnerable to methane emission compared to Perungudi dump yard and has more potential in waste to energy conversion mechanisms than compare to Perungudi dump yard.

Pollution and health risk assessment of toxic metals in solid waste dumping site soil and its impact on groundwater: a case study

ABSTRACT Distribution, sources, level of pollution, and associated human health risk assessment of toxic metals in municipal solid waste (MSW) dumping site soil of Tezpur town, located on the northern side of the river Brahmaputra, Assam were investigated. The extent of metal contamination in the MSW dumping site soil was evaluated using enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (Ci f), degree of contamination (Cd), and pollution load index (PLI). Based on these indices it can be concluded that MSW dumping site soil is highly contaminated with Cd and Pb. Moreover, ecological risk indices demonstrated high and low to moderate potential ecological risk due to Cd and Pb, respectively. Although no significant non-carcinogenic risk was found for the measured metals, potential carcinogenic risks of Cr, Pb, Ni, Cd for both children and adults were observed. Source apportionment study was carried out using principal component analysis (PCA) and it was found that metals were mainly originated from two sources: (1) Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd were mainly from different components of MSW; (2) Mn, Cr, and Ni were from lithogenic materials. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in groundwater source at a radial distance of 20 m from the dumping site exceeded the prescribed limit for drinking water set by World Health Organization (WHO) and raises serious concern to the people residing near the dumping site.