Solid Texture Research Articles

Grain size dependence of deformation behavior in Ti–15Mo alloy prepared by powder metallurgy

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating grain refinement to 4 μm via a mass-production method for the Ti–15Mo alloy. Grain sizes ranging from 4 to 38 μm were achieved by controlling thermomechanical processing in powder metallurgy, combined with heat treatment using recycled coarse powders for additive manufacturing. The critical grain size for deformation twinning was investigated, alongside an analysis of the deformation behavior and mechanical properties of the Ti–15Mo alloy with various grain sizes. Upon refining the grain size to 7 μm, deformation twinning is inhibited, shifting the plastic deformation mechanism from mechanical twinning to dislocation slip. The yield strength can be adjusted between 921 and 715MPa, with elongation ranging from 18.4% to 34.4%, by varying the grain size distribution ratio of small to large grains relative to 7 μm from 1.5 to 0.42. This strengthening effect primarily arises from dislocation strengthening, Mo solid solution, texture strengthening, and modifications in the Hall-Petch constant due to changes in deformation behavior during grain refinement.

Effect of Mg content on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical performance of hypoeutectic extruded Zn-Mg alloys

The effect of Mg addition on the microstructure, texture, and mechanical performance of two hypoeutectic Zn-Mg alloys with 0.68 and 1.89 wt% Mg content was studied and compared to pure Zn after extrusion. The SEM/EDX, EBSD, and XRD investigations were carried out to study the effect of alloying on (1) phases’ composition, morphology, and size and (2) crystallography of the grains and the dominating slip systems. Through the mentioned investigations, hypothesized strengthening mechanisms could be estimated to identify the contribution of solid solution, grain boundary, secondary phase, dislocation, and texture rations of strengthening to improve the overall calculated yield strength. Uniaxial tensile testing was performed to evaluate the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), the yield tensile strength (YTS0.2 %), and the elongation to failure (Ef) of the pure and alloyed Zn and to compare the yield tensile strength with the computed ones. The combined impacts of the bimodal grains, the solubility of Mg, favorable morphology and distribution of secondary phase, and weakened bimodal basal texture with simultaneous twin-non basal slip mode deformation mechanisms resulted in an extraordinary strength-ductility synergy of the as extruded Zn-0.68Mg alloy (∼326 MPa and ∼16 %). The current research provides a new pathway for designing high-performance Zn-based alloys as an alternative load-bearing material for orthopedic implant applications.

Enhanced cold plasma hydrogenation with glycerol as hydrogen source for production of trans-fat-free margarine

The quest for better nutritious foods has encouraged novel scientific investigations to find trans-fat reduction methods. This research proposes an innovative approach for the production of healthier trans-fat-free margarine from palm oil by the use of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma technology with glycerol serving as the principal source of hydrogen. The effectiveness of DBD plasma in hydrogenating palm olein was investigated. By employing a methodical series of experiments and thorough analytical approaches, examination of the saturated fatty acid conversion experienced its iodine value (IV) reduction from 67.16 ± 0.70 to 31.61 ± 1.10 under the optimal process parameters of 1 L min−1 He flow rate, 35 W plasma discharge power, 10 mm gap size, ambient initial temperature, and 12 h reaction time with solid texture. According to the method for producing trans-fat-free margarine in the absence of a catalyst and H2 gas, the hydrogenation rate of the prepared mixture of palm olein-glycerol was remarkably improved; the trans-fat content in the produced product was zero; the efficacy of incorporating cis- and trans-isomerization was lowered, and the method has a promising industrial application prospect.

Pembuatan Snack Bar Rasa Biryani dengan Menggunakan Berbagai Jenis Pemanis Sebagai Bahan Perekat

Snack bars are snacks consisting of ingredients such as cereals, fruits and sometimes nuts that are glued together with adhesives. The adhesive material has the function of providing a solid and sturdy texture so as to produce the desired characteristics of the snack bar. The adhesive material used in making snack bars is sugar or sweetener. This study aims to determine how the organoleptic quality and nutritional content of snack bars using various types of sweeteners (glucose syrup, High Fructose Syrup (HFS), and honey) as an adhesive material. This type of research is experimental with observational data collection through organoleptic quality assessment and nutritional content of biryani flavored snack bars. The results showed that the snack bar with High Fructose Syrup (HFS) produced the best snack bar organoleptic quality, perfect block-shaped snack bar; solid and not hollow; slightly brown yellow color; biryani aroma; crunchy texture and easy to break; and balanced sweet and biryani taste; Laboratory analysis showed that biryani-flavored snack bar has nutritional content in the form of calories of 285.80 kcal/100g, with carbohydrate content of 69.24%, protein of 15.40%, fat of 3.24%, moisture content of 10.90% and ash content of 1.22%.

The Effect of Purified Catechins from Gambier on the Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Functional Solid Shampoo

Gambier is a natural product that contains high amounts of cathechin. Cathechin has bioavailability as an antimicrobial such as fungus. Dandruff is a problem on the human scalp caused by fungus where this condition can be treated by using shampoo.The purpose of this study was to ascertain how the properties of solid shampoo were affected by the catechin extract from Gambier. This study's design comprised three replicates and five treatments in a fully randomized fashion. Catechin extract was added to the shampoo in amounts of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of the total contents. Evaluations were conducted on the created shampoo's chemical, physical, and organoleptic properties. By the measurement of pH, percentage of solid content, foam height, texture, color, and scent revealed that the addition of gambier catechin extract could had a substantial influence (α = 5%) but not for dirt dispersal. Adding 4% of Gambier's catechin extract to the solid shampoo resulted in the optimal concentration. Further studies are needed to ascertain the specific role of the Gambier catechin extract in solid shampoo in order to fully appreciate the benefits of using it in shampoo products.

Evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties of GTAW joint for magnesium alloy thin plate by post-weld reinforcement compression treatment

Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) joints of magnesium alloy thin plates generally exhibit low welding coefficients. Therefore, post-weld reinforcement compression treatment is utilized to improve mechanical properties of the joints in this experiment. The study shows that the grain shapes and sizes in various zones of the treated welded joints alter significantly, and the presence of twins is also detected especially in the base material (BM) and heat-affected zone (HAZ). The strength of the welded joints progressively rises with the increase in the compression reduction. The welding coefficient of the C3-joint reaches 91.6% when the compression reduction is 1 mm. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and elongation (EL) are 271 MPa,173 MPa and 7.2% respectively. The post-weld reinforcement compression treatment introduces abundant dislocations in the fusion zone (FZ), contributing significantly to the increase in joint strength. In addition, solid solution strengthening and texture strengthening also exert a role.

Feeding Behaviors in Infants and Toddlers Later Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are five times more likely to have feeding difficulties than neurotypical peers, although the majority of evidence describes feeding difficulty in children age 2 years and older. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the literature on feeding characteristics of children age 0-24 months who were later diagnosed with ASD with an emphasis on the measurement tools used to assess these feeding behaviors. We conducted a systematic review of the literature using PRISMA guidelines. Using selected keywords, a search was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases for relevant articles to identify feeding characteristics in infants and toddlers (age 0-24 months) later diagnosed with ASD. Sixteen studies were selected for this review by two independent reviewers. Among the selected studies, feeding difficulties were reported in all infant oral feeding modalities (breastfeeding, bottle feeding, and complementary feeding) by infants later diagnosed with ASD. However, the evidence was conflicting among studies regarding feeding characteristics, such as sucking differences while breastfeeding, use of the spoon with feedings, and preference of solid food texture, that presented in infants later diagnosed with ASD. A lack of consistent measurement of feeding behaviors in infants later diagnosed with ASD contributes to the difficulty in comparison across studies. Future research should focus on developing targeted, validated instruments for measuring feeding difficulty in this population with emphasis on breastfeeding and bottle feeding difficulty.

Germination effects on the physicochemical properties and sensory profiles of velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) and soybean tempe.

Previous studies have shown that the velvet bean, an indigenous legume in Indonesia, possesses high protein content and bioactive compounds. However, the utilization of velvet beans in tempe production remains underexplored. This study aims to address this research gap by investigating the physicochemical properties and sensory profiles of tempe made from velvet beans, both individually and in combination with soybean. The study involved the production of tempe using germinated and non-germinated velvet bean, soybean, and a soy-velvet bean combination (61:39% ratio). Physicochemical analyses, including hardness, firmness, colour, antioxidant capacity, proximate, pH, and titratable acidity, were conducted. Hedonic rating and Check-All-That-Apply (CATA) tests were also performed to assess the sensory attributes of fresh and fried tempe. Germination treatment of velvet bean resulted in tempe with reduced hardness, firmness, antioxidant capacity, and pH levels compared to non-germinated velvet bean tempe. However, velvet bean tempe exhibited a darker colour, higher antioxidant capacity, higher pH levels, and lower titratable acidity compared to soybean tempe and soy-velvet bean combination tempe. The protein content in velvet bean tempe was found to be below the required threshold of 15%. Hedonic rating tests revealed that fresh and fried velvet bean tempe received lower scores than other samples. CATA tests identified specific sensory attributes essential for fresh and fried tempe, including beany aroma, white colour, nutty aroma, golden brown colour, solid and crunchy texture, umami taste, and nutty aftertaste. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential applications of velvet beans in tempe production and emphasize the significance of considering germination as a factor affecting the quality and sensory attributes of tempe.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Garam Yang Berbeda Terhadap Karakteristik Mutu Ikan Kembung (Restrelliger Kanagurata) Asin Dengan Metode Penggaraman Kering (Dry Salting)

This research aims to determine the influence of different salt concentration on the quality characteristics of salted mackerel fhis (restreliger kanagurata) using the dry salting method. This research consists of three treatmen factors with three replications, namely salt concentrations of 5%, 15%, and 25%. The data analysis employs a Completely Randomized Designe (CRP) and is futher tested using Duncan’s method. The best treatmen was determined using De Garmo analysis. The results indicate that the best treatmen for processing dry salted mackerel fhis was whit a salt concentration of 15%, which obtained organoleptic values with the following quality specifications: intact appearance, moderately clean, satisfactory taste, specific type, without additional flavor, solid texture, compact, flexible, moderately dry, nearly natural odor, and slightly added odor. The moisture content was 11.83%, the ash content was 1.49%, and the total plate count was 8.06 x 103.

The role of preoperative MRI in endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal hypophysectomy of pituitary adenoma.

The trans-sphenoidal approach, commonly used for removing pituitary adenomas, has become a widely accepted and successful method. In recent years, the endoscopic trans-sphenoidal technique has emerged as a minimally invasive surgical approach for pituitary adenoma removal. The majority of pituitary adenomas exhibit a soft consistency and can be successfully extracted with aspiration and curettage using the trans-sphenoidal approach. However, a subset of around 5-15% of these adenomas possess a solid and fibrous texture. The occurrence of firm and fibrous adenomas is relatively common; unfortunately, there are no reliable predictors to identify them preoperatively. The ability to forecast the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) holds promise for improving prior preparation and impacts the extent of resection. A cross-sectional analysis of the investigation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in relation to cancer histology was performed on 68 patients who had endoscopic trans-nasal excision for nonfunctional adenomas. The determination of an intensity ratio was performed by employing quantitative estimates of MRI signal intensity obtained from both the adenoma and pons. During the surgical procedure, a series of sequential-graded procedures were used for the removal of tumours with varying consistencies. Softer tumours were addressed using the Suction technique (R1), while tumours of intermediate consistency were treated using curettes (R2). In order to evaluate the fibrotic content of firmer tumours, the utilization of Cavitron Ultrasound Surgical Aspirator(CUSA), and/or other micro-instruments (R3) was employed, with the histologic collagen fraction being quantified. In order to investigate and analyse the data, a statistical analysis was conducted. A predictive relationship between resection category and both intensity ratio, and collagen percentage was noted. The primary objective of this study was to determine the appropriate cutoff criteria for clinical utilization, as well as to investigate the association between intensity ratios and collagen percentage. Tumors with ratios ≤ 1.6 on the T2-weighted image and collagen content > 5.3% required more meticulous and sharp dissection for resection. The utilization of MRI analysis may offer some assistance, but not conclusive, in the prediction of tumour consistency.

Tribological Properties of Groove-Textured Ti-6Al-4V Alloys with Solid Lubricants in Dry Sliding against GCr15 Steel Balls.

A nanosecond laser is used to fabricate groove-patterned textures on the upper surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloys, and then molybdic sulfide solid lubricants are filled into the grooves. The treated titanium alloy is subjected to friction and wear tests. The tribological performances of Ti-6Al-4V alloys are evaluated, and the wearing mechanism is analyzed. The combination of solid lubricants and surface texturing can effectively reduce the frictional coefficient and reduce the adhesion of Ti-6Al-4V materials on the steel balls for friction. The main wearing mechanism is the adhesive wear of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy and the adhesion of Ti-6Al-4V alloy materials on the surface of the steel balls. During the friction process, solid lubricants are squeezed from the grooves and coated at the friction interface to form a solid lubrication layer. This is the important reason why the combination of surface texturing and solid lubricants can improve the friction properties of titanium alloys effectively. The combination of solid lubricants and laser surface texturing provides an effective alternative way to improve the tribological properties of titanium alloy materials.

Karakteristik Lotion Anti Nyamuk Kombinasi Ekstrak Sabut Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) dan Bunga Kamboja (Plumeria sp.)

Mosquitoes are vectors of several diseases, one of which is Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Therefore, it is necessary to take steps to prevent the spread of the disease. One of them by using anti-mosquito lotion. However, some of commercial lotions are made of chemicals that have side effects on health. Therefore, coconut coir (Cocos nucifera L.) and frangipani flower anti-mosquito lotion was developed. Coconut coir contains tannins which repel insects and have a therapeutic effect. Frangipani flowers contain geraniol which can repel insects. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristic of coconut coir extract (Cocos nucifera L.) with a combination of frangipani flower extract (Plumeria sp.) as a lotion preparation. This research is an experimental study with 7 treatments of lotion formulation.. The data in this study include organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, pH, and spreadibility of the lotion. The conclusion of this study showed that a lotion formula P3 with a ratio of 1:2 (coconut coir extract:frangipani flower extract) was the best formulation with the characteristics of a fine solid texture, brownish yellow color, frangipani fragrant, homogeneous, have pH 6, and the diameter of spread is 7,5cm.

Recent Advances of TIRADS Classification of Thyroid Nodules by Ultrasound

Background Thyroid nodules are abnormal growths of thyroid tissue which commonly arise within an otherwise normal thyroid gland. They may be hyperplasia or a thyroid neoplasm, but only a small percentage of the latter are thyroid cancers. Small, asymptomatic nodules are common, and many people who have them are unaware of them. Thyroid nodules can be felt as a lump in the throat. When they are large, they can sometimes be seen as a lump in the front of the neck. Objectives The aim of this work was to improve the management of the patients and to reduce cost-effectiveness by decreasing number of unnecessary fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Patients and Methods This study was conducted on 50 patients with thyroid nodules detected by clinical palpation or incidentally noted during neck imaging for other reasons. There were 33females (74%) and 17 males (26%). Their ages ranged from 41 to 50 years. All patients in the study were subjected to full history taking, thorough clinical examination. Gray scale Ultrasound and color Doppler examination were done to all patients. The nodules were classified into TIRADS categories and the risk of malignancy was calculated for each category. Results All the nodules with TIRADS 1 were benign. In TIRADS 2 there were 10 benign and 1 malignant nodules. In TIRADS 3 there were 4 benign and 1 malignant nodules. In TIRADS 4 there were 2 benign nodules and 4 benign nodules while in TIRADS 5 there were 2 benign and 4 malignant nodules. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups with benign and malignant nodules regarding the texture of the nodules. Solid texture was higher in the malignant nodules and spongiform texture was common in the benign nodules while the cystic and mixed texture were comparable between the two groups. Hypoechoic nodules were higher in the malignant nodules, however, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with benign and malignant nodules regarding the echogenicity of the nodules. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups with benign and malignant nodules regarding the echogenic foci. Conclusion The major ultrasound features seen associated with malignancy were microcalcifications, taller than wider shape of the nodule, hypoechoic and marked hypoechoic echopattern of the nodule, irregular borders and presence of suspicious cervical lymph nodes.

Development of highly stable phytosterol oleogel particle-based emulsions with improved bioaccessibility of ꞵ-carotene

Oral administration is the most preferred route for drug and bioactive delivery, although it raises great challenges due to the involvement of the gastrointestinal (GI) system and limited bioavailability. In this research, gelled oil particle-based emulsion with long shelf life and high gastrointestinal stability was successfully formulated using ꞵ-sitosterol and γ-oryzanol (SO) mixtures, as structuring agents, and tween 80 (TN80) as a surfactant. The effect of TN80 concentration, emulsification speed, γ-oryzanol and ꞵ-sitosterol ratio, and SO concentration was examined. The results show that the particle size was significantly reduced with homogenization speed, surfactant concentration, and SO concentration. The effect of SO concentration was further analyzed under simulated GI conditions and changes in their particle size, zeta potential, morphology, and ꞵ-carotene release were assessed. GI digestion tests revealed that unstructured oil particle-based emulsions exhibit a higher probability for particle coalescence compared to oleogel particle-based emulsions. The extent of lipid digestion was correlated to the particle size, with higher digestion extent at smaller particle size, and to the oleogel-network mechanical strength, with lower digestion extent in denser particle network. During the lipolysis process, smaller mixed micelles were formed when the particles were prepared using higher SO concentrations. Interestingly, an appreciable increase in the ꞵ-carotene bioaccessibility was observed, reaching maximum value at 10 %wt. SO, implying the effect of oil structuring on the ꞵ-carotene release process. Overall, these results suggest that the combination of solid texture and liquid lipid core in the oleogel particles offers mechanical protection and molecular micellization ability during digestion. Such characteristics can be utilized for effective encapsulation systems able to improve the bioaccessibility of hydrophobic molecules.

VOLMAP: a Large Scale Benchmark for Volume Mappings to Simple Base Domains

AbstractCorrespondences between geometric domains (mappings) are ubiquitous in computer graphics and engineering, both for a variety of downstream applications and as core building blocks for higher level algorithms. In particular, mapping a shape to a convex or star‐shaped domain with simple geometry is a fundamental module in existing pipelines for mesh generation, solid texturing, generation of shape correspondences, advanced manufacturing etc. For the case of surfaces, computing such a mapping with guarantees of injectivity is a solved problem. Conversely, robust algorithms for the generation of injective volume mappings to simple polytopes are yet to be found, making this a fundamental open problem in volume mesh processing. VOLMAP is a large scale benchmark aimed to support ongoing research in volume mapping algorithms. The dataset contains 4.7K tetrahedral meshes, whose boundary vertices are mapped to a variety of simple domains, either convex or star‐shaped. This data constitutes the input for candidate algorithms, which are then required to position interior vertices in the domain to obtain a volume map. Overall, this yields more than 22K alternative test cases. VOLMAP also comprises tools to process this data, analyze the resulting maps, and extend the dataset with new meshes, boundary maps and base domains. This article provides a brief overview of the field, discussing its importance and the lack of effective techniques. We then introduce both the dataset and its major features. An example of comparative analysis between two existing methods is also present.

Fat replacers based on oleogelation of beeswax/shellac wax and healthy vegetable oils

Oleogels based on the combination of oleogelators and vegetable oils are a fat substitute alternative to obtain commercial fats (CF) with reduced saturated fatty acids (SFA), high polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and without trans fats (TFA). This study evaluated oleogelation to develop beeswax/shellac wax (BW/SW) with linseed (LO) and canola (CO) oil-based oleogels with a solid gel-like texture and high PUFA. The oleogelation conditions were optimized, and then oleogels were characterized. The optimal conditions were: oleogelator percentage of 10% (w/w), BW/SW ratio of 70/30 (%w/w), heating time of 30min, and heating temperature of 92 and 100 °C for BW/SW-LO and BW/SW-CO oleogels, respectively. The BW/SW-LO and BW/SW-CO oleogels presented firmness values of 423.6 ± 2.81 and 288 ± 2.99g, respectively, with a solid-like rheological behavior comparable to gel. Also, oleogels showed a lower SFA content (12.5 and 9.35%, respectively) than CF (35.9%), and no TFA was produced during oleogelation. The BW/SW-LO oleogel presented a higher PUFA content (68.4%) than the BW/SW-CO oleogel (29.1%). In addition, the oleogels showed peroxide values during storage below the maximum acceptable limit for edible fats and oils. Therefore, oleogels with a healthy fatty acid profile and low lipid oxidation are excellent alternatives to replace CF, offering promising food applications.

Uji Antagonis Cendawan Isolat Lokal Terhadap Fusarium spp, Penyebab Penyakit Layu Pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L ) Secara In Vitro.

This research aims to: (a) determine the number of fungal isolates capable of inhibiting the growth of Fusarium sp. in vitro, (b) determine the percentage of inhibitory activity of the antagonistic fungal isolates against Fusarium sp. in vitro, (c) identify the morphological characteristics of the top three antagonistic fungal isolates from the rhizosphere of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.). To achieve these objectives, the in vitro experimental testing was conducted at the Biology Laboratory of Makassar State University. The research results showed that: (a) based on macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics, the fungi isolated from potato plants were identified as Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. solanaceae. (b) There were seven isolates capable of inhibiting the growth of F.o.sp. solanaceae, namely Aspergillus sp (green), Aspergillus sp (black), Eupenicillium sp, Chaetomium sp, Paecilomyces sp, and Monilia sp. The percentage of their inhibitory activity was 54.71%, 73.13%, 36.82%, 55.01%, 50.66%, 46.53%, and 43%, respectively. (c) The morphological characteristics of the top three antagonistic fungal isolates were as follows: 1. Black Aspergillus sp had a black colony with a solid texture and very rapid growth. The hyphae were septate and non-branched, and the spherical conidia were black. 2. Green Aspergillus sp had a colony with dark green (inner), light green (middle), and white (outer) regions. The conidia were spherical, with a solid and slightly elevated texture, spreading in all directions. The hyphae were septate and non- branched. 3. Chaetomium sp had a white cotton-like colony with a fine and thick texture, spreading in all directions. The conidiophores were irregularly branched, and the hyphae were septate.

English

The present study was conducted to check nutritional characterization i.e., proximate analysis, physicochemical properties (total soluble solid content, titratable acidity, texture, and color), phytochemicals (total phenolic, flavonoids and anthocyanin) and antioxidant capacity (DPPH-2,20-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity) of strawberry varieties (festival, chandler and korona) produced in Pakistan along with shelf life extension using modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) technology. Accordingly, samples were collected from farms and local market for analysis. Results showed statistically differences (p< 0.05) for proximate composition expect ash and crude fat. Higher moisture content documented in variety chandler as 91.12±7.28%, highest ash in variety korona as 1.4±0.17%, lowest protein in variety Chandler as 0.95±0.13% and highest fat in variety festival as 1.13±0.31. Physicochemical analysis showed highest titratable acidity as 0.70±0.04 g citric acid/100g in variety chandler, highest ○Brix as 8.41±0.11in variety festival whereas, phytochemicals analysis revealed highest total phenolic and flavonoids found in variety chandler as 926.17±53.08 mg GAE/100 g and 180.63±15.72 mg/100g respectively, and lowest 864.44±44.16 mg GAE/100 g, 144.84 ± 12.11 mg/100g in variety korona, respectively. The variety chandler displayed highest antioxidant activity (82.09±6.34%) and anthocyanin (2.74 ± 0.09 mg/100g however, non-significant differences in color values. Further, the shelf life of strawberries was extended by 09 days by modified atmospheric packaging under cold storage for 12 days. For this strawberry was categorized into 5 groups with the different gas combination i.e., MAP0 (control group having 0.05% CO2, 20.95% O2 and 79% N2), and 4 treatment groups MAP1 (3% CO2, 15% O2 and 82% N2), MAP2 (5% CO2, 10% O2 and 85% N2), MAP3 (10% CO2, 5% O2 and 85% N2), MAP4 (15% CO2, 3% O2 and 82% N2). Statistical differences (p< 0.05) were found between groups on different storage days (3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th) in physiochemical, phytochemical, sensory evaluation, and caloric parameters. In nutshell, the results provide valuable information on the nutritional composition, phytochemical characteristics, and quality aspects of strawberries produced in Pakistan. This information is helpful for food processors in value addition, and modified atmosphere packaging technology for the reduction of post-harvest losses.

The recrystallization, texture and mechanical behavior of hot rolled and annealed Mg-10Ho binary alloy

The recrystallization, texture, and mechanical properties of hot-rolled and hot-rolled + annealed Mg-10Ho (wt %) are investigated. Mg-10Ho binary alloy is first solution treated followed by multipass rolling at 420 °C for up to 50 % reduction and subsequently annealed at 400 °C for different times for up to 60 min. The microstructure of deformed and annealed samples was characterized using a field-emission secondary electron microscope (FESEM) and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) and the mechanical properties were examined using hardness and tensile tests. The as-rolled microstructure contains fine dynamic recrystallized grains and different types of deformation twins. With increasing annealing time, a decrease in the hardness was observed, suggesting initiation of recovery and static recrystallization. After 10 min of annealing, an equiaxed, nearly fully recrystallized microstructure with a grain size of 14 µm and weaker basal texture was obtained. This annealed sample exhibits an ultimate tensile strength of 213 MPa, yield strength of 145 MPa, and ductility of ∼7 %. Such an optimum combination of strength and ductility is attributed to the combined effect of solid solution strengthening, grain refinement, and texture weakening. Additionally, the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) model was used to understand the recrystallization kinetics of Mg-10Ho and compared it with that of Mg-10Y. Results indicate that the solute drag effect plays a dominant role in the faster recrystallization kinetics of Mg-10Ho alloy. Finally, the texture variation in Mg-10Ho and Mg-10Y is also explained based on the solute drag effect.

Synthesising 3D solid models of natural heterogeneous materials from single sample image, using encoding deep convolutional generative adversarial networks

Three-dimensional solid computational representations of natural heterogeneous materials are challenging to generate due to their high degree of randomness and varying scales of patterns, such as veins and cracks, in different sizes and directions. In this regard, this paper introduces a new architecture to synthesise 3D solid material models by using encoding deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (EDCGANs). DCGANs have been useful in generative tasks in relation to image processing by successfully recreating similar results based on adequate training. While concentrating on natural heterogeneous materials, this paper uses an encoding and a decoding DCGAN combined in a similar way to auto-encoders to convert a given image into marble, based on patches. Additionally, the method creates an input dataset from a single 2D high-resolution exemplar. Further, it translates of 2D data, used as a seed, into 3D data to create material blocks. While the results on the Z-axis do not have size restrictions, the X- and Y-axis are constrained by the given image. Using the method, the paper explores possible ways to present 3D solid textures. The modelling potentials of the developed approach as a design tool is explored to synthesise a 3D solid texture of leaf-like material from an exemplar of a leaf image.