Solid-state Pulsed Power Generator Research Articles

Off-the-Shelf Diodes as High-Voltage Opening Switches

A semiconductor opening switch (SOS) (also known as SOS diode) is a solid-state nanosecond switch of gigawatt power level. Due to its high pulse repetition rate, long lifetime, and maintenance-free capability, the SOS diodes are becoming increasingly attractive for use in solid-state pulsed power generators. However, the lack of SOS diode manufacturers prevents the widespread use of this technology. This work demonstrates the ability of off-the-shelf diodes to operate in the SOS mode. A wide range of off-the-shelf diodes including rectifier, fast recovery, avalanche, and transient-voltage-suppression (TVS) diodes have been tested as high-voltage opening switches. An experimental arrangement based on a saturating pulse transformer (PT) was developed to test off-the-shelf diodes in the SOS mode. The results obtained were compared with the existent top of the range SOS diodes, used as reference. Two versions of the experimental setup with the initially stored energy of 25 mJ and 10 J were used. The following pulse parameters were obtained using off-the-shelf diodes: 1) peak voltage impulse of 3 kV and rise time of 10 ns with a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$110 \Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> load (for the 25 mJ setup) and 2) peak voltage impulse of 80 kV and rise time of 20 ns with a 1 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{k}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> load (for the 10 J setup). Based on the parameters obtained, the door is opened for a future use of off-the-shelf diodes as opening switches in a wide range of solid-state-based pulsed power systems.

Solid-State Pulsed Power Generator Based on Blumlein PFN Using Saturable Pulse Transformer

A solid-state pulsed power generator has been developed. It is based on Blumlein pulse forming network (PFN) combined with saturable pulse transformer (SPT). The primary circuit is switched by a switching unit consisting of three MOS-gated thyristors connected in parallel. The SPT functions both as a transformer to increase the voltage and as a closing switch for the secondary circuit. The PFN on the secondary side is charged by the transformer and switched by the SPT so that a pulsed output is generated on a matched load. In the demonstration experiment using one module, an output with peak voltage of ~10.4 kV and pulsewidth of ~160 ns was obtained on a resistive load of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$52~\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> . Furthermore, three identical modules, sharing a common primary circuit, have been connected in series to demonstrate voltage adding, where a peak output voltage of ~30 kV was obtained on a load of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$156~\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> with energy efficiency of ~54 %. This pulsed power generator has been tested at repetition rate of 20 kHz in burst mode.

Modular Fusion Solid State Pulsed Power Generator with Reduced Ripple Content

a main objective of to the project is the Modular fusion solid state pulsed power generator with ripple content. Recently, a pulsed power structures have determined substantial packages. On behalf of to the reason, using a pulsed strength turbines that similarly to responding to a dreams of to the individual. This assignment proposes the converter that's the aggregate of to the Marx topologies besides sturdy state voltage multipliers to in a conjunction with remarks loop controller. It is the capable of to the generating excessive voltage pulses with diverse amplitudes at distinctivefrequencies to in which is the modular besides flexible. A resonant circuit used to in a this shape can reduce a strain on switching element besides growth an out-put to the voltage even as presenting the 0 modern-day switching on the behalf the a whole bridge converter. A controller is the operated with voltage oriented feedback structure controlling a duty ratio of to the power electronic devices. A Proposed Voltage Oriented Control method on the behalf the pulsed generator to reduce a switching loss besides to improve a performance. A system simulation has been done using Matlab/Simulink software. PI controller has been designed along with Pulse Width Modulation scheme to control a system.

Combination of Marx and Capacitor Diode Voltage Multiplier for Pulsed Power Applications

Recently, the pulsed power and pulsed electric field systems used in various industries and these systems have found wide applications. For this reason, using the pulsed power generators that in addition to responding to the needs of the user, are providing the advantages of compactness, high flexibility, high repetition rate and cost efficiency is inevitable. In this paper a hybrid solid state pulsed power generator is introduced that is modular and very flexible. This converter which is a combination of Marx and capacitor diode voltage multiplier, is capable of producing high voltage pulses with varying amplitudes at different frequencies. This proposed converter due to having high reliability, low cost, low weight, and structure’s simplicity can cover a wide area of applications. In this paper after introducing the proposed topology, its analytical design is described and its verification is proved by the simulation results in MATLABSIMULINK and by presenting the measurement results taken from the experimental prototype in low voltages.

A Comparative Study of Water Electrodes Versus Metal Electrodes for Excitation of Nanosecond-Pulse Homogeneous Dielectric Barrier Discharge in Open Air

Atmospheric pressure low-temperature plasmas produced by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) provide a promising approach for civilian application of pulsed power technology. In this paper, repetitive nanosecond pulses were generated using a magnetic compression solid-state pulsed power generator, and the rise time and pulse duration of the nanosecond pulse are ~30 and 70 ns, respectively. The DBD in open air is created using two kinds of electrodes, i.e., water and metal electrodes. The electrical, luminous, and optical characteristics of the DBDs under these two electrodes are studied and compared. The experimental results show that no filaments are observed and the discharge is homogeneous when water electrodes are used. The DBD still behaves in a filamentary mode when the discharge gap is extended to 4 cm in the case of metal electrodes. The results are validated by fast images taken by an intensified charge-coupled device camera. In addition, some discussion about the experimental results is presented. Improvement of discharge uniformity is due to the effect of resistive stabilization using water electrodes.

Excitation of atmospheric pressure uniform dielectric barrier discharge using repetitive unipolar nanosecond-pulse generator

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) excitation by unipolar high voltage pulses is a promising approach for producing non-thermal plasma at atmospheric pressure. In this study, a magnetic compression solid-state pulsed power generator was used to produce repetitive nanosecond pulses for the excitation. The DBD is created using two liquid electrodes. The electrical characteristics of the discharge voltage and current are illustrated under different experimental conditions. The nanosecond-pulse discharge current is of the order of tens of amperes. This differs from common DBD current excitated by high-voltage ac sources. Compared with the characteristics of two current pulses corresponding to two discharges for unipolar pulsed-excitation, the secondary discharge in this study is minor owing to the pulsed power and discharge configuration. Under the experimental conditions, the luminous emissions from the front and side views of the liquid electrodes show that no filament is observed and the discharge is homogeneous and diffuse in the whole discharge region. The effects of applied voltage amplitude, repetition rate, and air gap spacing on the discharge characteristic are investigated. The discharge mode does not change with the variation of the investigated parameters. A comparison of high voltage ac and nanosecond-pulse excitation is also presented. In addition, discussion of the experimental results is presented.

基于半导体开关和磁开关的全固态脉冲电源

基于半导体开关和磁开关的全固态脉冲电源

An All Solid-State Pulsed Power Generator for Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (PIII)

An all solid-state pulsed power generator for plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) is described. The pulsed power system is based on a Marx circuit configuration and semiconductor switches, which have many advantages in adjustable repetition frequency, pulse width modulation and long serving life compared with the conventional circuit category, tube-based technologies such as gridded vacuum tubes, thyratrons, pulse forming networks and transformers. The operation of PIII with pulse repetition frequencies up to 500 Hz has been achieved at a pulse voltage amplitude from 2 kV to 60 kV, with an adjustable pulse duration from 1 μs to 100 μs. The proposed system and its performance, as used to drive a plasma ion implantation chamber, are described in detail on the basis of the experimental results.

Electron Temperature and Electron Density of Underwater Pulsed Discharge Plasma Produced by Solid-State Pulsed-Power Generator

A pulsed discharge produced underwater has been an attractive method to treat waste water. For the optimization and realization of the water treatment system utilizing underwater pulsed discharge, modeling analysis could be one of the essential works. However, there is still no simulation work about the underwater pulsed discharge due to the lack of knowledge about its characteristic parameters such as electron temperature, electron density, and so on. In this paper, the temperature and the electron density in a pulsed discharge plasma produced underwater are measured and presented. A magnetic pulse compressor (MPC) was developed and used to create the electrical discharge in water. The developed MPC is all-solid state and is, therefore, a maintenance-free generator. To define the temperature and the electron density in an underwater pulsed discharge plasma, two kinds of spectroscopic measurements, called the line-pair method and Stark broadening, were carried out. According to the experimental results, the temperature and the electron density in the pulsed discharge plasma between point-plane electrodes immersed in water are determined to be 15000 K and 1018/cm3, respectively.

Generation of Streamer Discharge Plasma in Water by All Solid-State Pulsed Power

Pulsed power has been used to produce non-thermal plasmas in gases that generate a high electric field at the tip of streamer discharges, where high energy electrons, free radicals, and ozone are produced. Recently, all solid-state pulsed power generators, which are operated with high repetition rate, long lifetime and high reliability, have been developed for industrial applications, such as high repetition rate pulsed gas lasers, high energy density plasma (EUV sources) and water discharges. We have studied and developed repetitive all solid-state pulsed power system for discharge in water. The developed system consists of a photo-voltaic generator, a Pb battery, an inverter, a controller, a command charger, a high-speed thyristor, a magnetic pulse compression circuit and a pulse transformer, and has mobility. This system can generate an output peak voltage of over 100 kV with voltage rise time of 200 ns. In this work, large volume streamer like discharges in water were produced by the developed system and this discharge plasma used to treat algae (Microcystis) with point-to-plane simple electrodes.

Application of All Solid-State Pulsed Power Generators to Equipment Using Plasmas

Recently, high-repetition-rate all-solid-state pulsed power generators with long life time and high reliability, have been developed for industrial applications with plasmas, such as high-repetition-rate pulsed gas lasers, high energy density plasma (EUV sources) and water discharges. Nowadays, power semiconductor device technology can improve the performance of fast and high-power switching devices. In practical systems, however, semiconductor switches are used with the assistance of magnetic switches because the semiconductor switches are not capable of driving the usual generators by themselves. These generators consist of semiconductor switches, step-up pulse transformers and magnetic switches. Progress of all-solid-state pulsed power generators is reviewed with particular emphasis on industrial applications with plasmas.

Generation Technologies of High Repetition Rate Pulsed Power.

Recently, high repetition rate, long lifetime, and high reliability pulsed power generators have been developed using semiconductor switches. We have studied and developed an all solid-state pulsed power generator for industrial applications such as a high repetition rate pulsed gas laser and a pulsed ozonizer. Recently, semiconductor power device technology has improved the performance of fast high-power switching devices. However, the semiconductor switch is still not sufficient to drive the pulse laser and the pulse ozonizer directly. Therefore, the semiconductor switch can be used in practical application with the assistance of a magnetic switch and a gate driving technique. This all solid-state generator consists of a semiconductor switch and a magnetic switch. The progress of high repetition rate pulsed power generators is reviewed herein, with particular emphasis on pulse power conditioning by solid-state switching techniques.

高効率固体化パルス電源を用いたTEA CO&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;レーザ発振

We have studied and developed a high efficiency and a high repetition rate transversely excited atmospheric pressure CO2 laser by an all solid-state pulsed power generator. The pulsed power generator consists of a high speed turn-on static induction thyristor and a single-stage magnetic pulse compression circuit using a saturable transformer. The static induction thyristor was improved in the switching speed and a switching loss. The saturable transformer with a Fe-based nano-crystalline magnetic core has two functions of voltage gain and pulse compression. The maximum switching voltage was 4.1 kV. The output voltage was 34.5 kV. On the other hand, the laser head is consisted of uniform field main discharge electrodes and corona preionized electrodes. Maximum laser energy of 3.2 J was obtained. The energy transfer efficiency of the pulsed power generator was 93% and the laser efficiency of 13.8% was obtained. An overall laser efficiency of 12.9% was obtained. The high speed static induction thyristor and the simple magnetic pulse compression circuit realized the high energy transfer efficiency and the high laser efficiency.

高速GTOサイリスタと可飽和トランスを用いた固体化パルス電源

高速GTOサイリスタと可飽和トランスを用いた固体化パルス電源