Flexible Solid-state Supercapacitors Research Articles

Synergistic promotion between tolerant polymer electrode and super-conductive polyelectrolyte enables anti-damage transient wearable electronics

Manufacturing highly durable and transient materials is urgently needed to achieve optimal performances in wearable electronics. Here, a comprehensive methodology to enhance the durability and transience of wearable electronics by utilizing polypyrrole/vermiculite/polysaccharide (PPy/VMT/AF) electrodes and acid-assisted polyacrylamide (HPAM) electrolytes. The mechanical/thermal/electrochemical properties of integrated electrodes are boosting by introducing negatively charged vermiculite in conductive polymer-polysaccharide, which can be completely degrade after 90 days. Pre-gel drying shrinkage and rehydration were utilized to prepare polyacrylamide hydrogel with frost resistance and ultrahigh conductivity (increased 32.2 times as compared to traditional polyacrylamide). The synergism between PPy/VMT/AF and HPAM enables flexible solid-state supercapacitors with exceptional electrochemical stability even under serious damage such as puncturing, burning and freeze. In addition, the fabricated self-powered pressure sensor realizes ML-assisted human motion recognition with an accuracy of 95.7 %. This work opens up a new perspective on future directions for multifunctional platforms for wearable electronic devices.

Construction of CNT/CuS/FeOOH hierarchical composites on carbon cloth for high-performance solid-state flexible supercapacitors

Flexible supercapacitors (FSC) are ideal energy storage devices for wearable electronic products, yet longstanding constrained by the limited performance of negative materials. Rational design of multiple-component nanocomposites with hierarchical structures is an effective strategy to enhance the energy storage capacity. In this study, a high-capacitance flexible electrode was constructed through the in-situ growth of copper sulfide (CuS) nanosheets on carbon nanotubes (CNT) decorated carbon cloth (CC), followed by the electrodeposition of ferric hydroxide (FeOOH). The negative electrode (CC/CNT/CuS/FeOOH) demonstrates an exceptional areal capacitance of 1956.1 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 and excellent cycle stability. Subsequently, a corresponding FSC device was constructed by incorporating NiCo layered double hydroxide (CC/CNT/NiCo-LDH) as the positive material and KOH/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel as the electrolyte. The FSC device exhibits an impressive volumetric energy density of 3.3 Wh cm−3 under the power density of 12.2 W cm−3. It also demonstrates excellent electrochemical and mechanical stability, showcasing high capacitance retention under cyclic use and bending conditions. This work presents a rational design strategy for the development of cost-effective, high-capacitance and stable flexible electrodes, which holds promising for integration into wearable electronic devices.

Advance Technologies in Biodegradable Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitors: A Mini Review on Clean and Sustainable Energy.

In the recent times research towards solid state supercapacitors (SSS) have increased drastically due to the promising performance in futuristic technologies particularly in portable and flexible electronics like smart watches, smart fabrics, foldable smartphones and tablets. Also, when compared to supercapacitors using liquid electrolyte, solid electrolyte has several advantages like high energy density, safety, high cycle life, flexible form factor, and less environmental impact. The crucial factor determining the sustainability of a technology is the eco-friendliness since the natural resources are being exploited in a wide scale. Numerous studies have focused on biodegradable materials for supercapacitor electrodes, electrolytes, and other inactive components. Making use of these biodegradable materials to design a SSS enables the technology to sustain for a very long time since biodegradable materials are not only environment friendly but also, they show relatively high performance. This review focuses on recent progress of different biodegradable electrodes, and electrolytes along with their properties, electrochemical performance and biodegradable capabilities for SSS have been analyzed and provides a concise summary enabling readers to understand the importance of biodegradable materials and to narrow down the research in a more rational way.

Hierarchical NiCo-LDH@MoS2/CuS composite as efficient trifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting and asymmetric supercapacitor

The development of highly active and long-lived multifunctional electrocatalysts is a key priority to boost clean renewable energy technologies. It is difficult to construct such hierarchically structured materials with an efficient synergistic heterostructure technique to improve electrochemical performance. Here, a novel hierarchical NiCo-LDH@MoS2/CuS heterostructure (HS) was prepared by facile two-step hydrothermal synthesis for water splitting and supercapacitor applications. The hierarchical network of NiCo-LDH is grown on MoS2/CuS and is put forward based on various physio-chemical analysis. The hierarchical structure and heterostructure synergistic effect result in excellent HER (114 mV@10 mA cm−2) and OER (310 mV@10 mA cm−2) activity. Two electrode water-splitting cells (NiCo-LDH@MoS2/CuS||NiCo-LDH@MoS2/CuS) achieved a cell potential of 1.57 V@10 mA cm−2. NiCo-LDH@MoS2/CuS also exhibits the electrochemical charge storage property of 147.16 mAh g−1@0.2 A g−1. NiCo@MoS2/CuS||AC flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (FSSC) demonstrated charge storage of 226.08 mAh g−1 and energy density of 152.60 W h kg−1@0.2 A g−1 with 90.05 % retention rate, demonstrated the excellent cyclic and structural stability. The acquired knowledge from this study could be a novel strategy for designing hierarchical LDH-based heterostructures as electrode materials for water splitting and energy storage devices.

Impacts of Mn Content and Mass Loading on the Performance of Flexible Asymmetric Solid-State Supercapacitors Using Mixed-Phase MnO2/N-Containing Graphene Composites as Cathode Materials

MnO2/nitrogen-containing graphene (x-NGM) composites with varying contents of Mn were used as the electrode materials for flexible asymmetric solid-state supercapacitors. The MnO2 was a two-phase mixture of γ- and α-MnO2. The combination of nitrogen-containing graphene and MnO2 improved reversible Faraday reactions and charge transfer. However, excessive MnO2 reduced conductivity, hindering ion diffusion and charge transfer. Overloading the electrode with active materials also negatively affected conductivity. Both the mass loading and MnO2 content were crucial to electrochemical performance. x-NGM composites served as cathode materials, while graphene acted as the anode material. Operating by two charge storage mechanisms enabled a synergistic effect, resulting in better charge storage purposes. Among the supercapacitors, the 3-NGM1//G1 exhibited the highest conductivity, efficient charge transfer, and superior capacitive characteristics. It showed a superior specific capacitance of 579 F·g−1, leading to high energy density and power density. Flexible solid-state supercapacitors using x-NGM composites demonstrated good cycle stability, with a high capacitance retention rate of 86.7% after 2000 bending cycles.

Lightweight Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitor Based On Metal–Graphene-Textile Composite Electrodes

Lightweight Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitor Based On Metal–Graphene-Textile Composite Electrodes

Facial synthesis of reduced graphene oxide – Amorphous nickel tungstate composite for flexible hybrid asymmetric solid state supercapacitor application

Supercapacitors are crucial as an additional type of energy storage device assisting various types of energy storage systems for high power requirement. Herein, using successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method, thin films of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composited with nickel tungstate (NiWO4) were synthesized with different rGO content. The synthesized material showed spherical morphology with rGO sheets and a specific surface area in the range of 85 to 107 m2 g−1. The three-electrode method was used, and the electrochemical performance of rGO-NiWO4 films was assessed in 2 M KOH electrolyte. A composite film deposited at 12 mg mL−1 concentration of rGO (CNW3) film exhibited a specific capacitance of 779 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1. At a current density of 4 A g−1, CNW3 film showed outstanding electrochemical stability with 95 % capacitance retention after 5000 galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) cycles. This study emphasizes the usage of rGO-NiWO4 (CNW3) thin films deposited using SILAR method as a cathode in solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors (ASC). The rGO-NiWO4/PVA-KOH/AC ASC device exhibited a specific capacitance of 94.2 F g−1 at 5 A g−1, a specific energy of 33.5 Wh kg−1 and a specific power of 12.37 kW kg−1 with 83 % capacitance retention after 5000 GCD cycles. This suggests that rGO-NiWO4 thin film produced using SILAR method is a suitable candidate for supercapacitors.

Flexible solid-state supercapacitor based on ternary nanocomposites of reduced graphene oxide and ruthenium oxide nanoparticles bridged by polyaniline nanofibers

The rising demand for wearable electronics has driven research effort tremendously into flexible and compact supercapacitor materials furnished with high energy density, while retaining high-power density, cyclic stability, and durability. In this regard, we, herein, embedded ruthenium oxide nanoparticles (RuO2 NPs) and polyaniline nanofibers (PAni NFs) in the interplanar spaces of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to prevent their re-stacking to maximize its electric double layer capacitance. It also integrates the pseudo-capacitance of RuO2 and PAni to the ternary nanocomposites (NCs), while the PAni NFs act as interconnecting conducting transmission channel between RuO2 and rGO to regulate charge-transfer kinetics within the system. The resultant ternary NCs display maximum areal capacitance of 1.66 F·cm−2 at a current density of 2 mA·cm−2. A flexible symmetric solid-state device (FSSSD), obtained by assembling the ternary NCs based electrode, attains a specific capacitance of 677 mF·cm−2 with 87 % coulombic efficiency at 2 mA·cm−2 and faster charge transport characteristics (Rct = 5.5 Ω). The device demonstrates maximum energy density of 60.18 μW·h·cm−2 at a power density of 0.8023 mW·cm−2. The functionality of the device is confirmed by turning on a red LED for up to 180 s with three FSSSDs connected in series.

Flexible interdigitated symmetric solid-state micro-supercapacitors with higher energy density for wearable electronics

Planar interdigitated solid-state supercapacitors are one of the most promising energy storage devices as they offer the merit of fast ionic transportation with minimal charge transfer resistance due to the narrow gap between the interdigitated isolated electrode fingers. This study focuses on fabricating flexible symmetric solid-state supercapacitor devices with high energy and power densities. Specifically, a symmetric SnO2‖PVA-LiClO4‖SnO2 solid-state supercapacitor (SSC) device was fabricated using the electron beam evaporation (e-beam) technique on thin, flexible electrodes in interdigitated (ISSC) and stacked (SSSC) configurations and their electrochemical performances were compared. The ISSC exhibiting pseudo-capacitive behavior achieved a maximum volumetric capacitance of 439.5 F cm−3 at a scan rate of 5 mV S−1. Quantitative calculation of the device's charge storage dynamics reveals that the diffusion-limited Lithium insertion processes predominantly contribute to the capacitance of ISSC. Comparatively, the ISSC outperformed the SSSC with a diffusion coefficient of 2.55 × 10−13 m2s−1 and ac conductivity of 2.2 × 10−2 S m−1, demonstrating excellent energy density and power density values. Furthermore, the ISSC with no adverse effect on its capacitance even when bent at various angles suggesting its suitability for flexible wearable electronic devices.

3-Aminophenol: A novel redox additive in acidic environment enhancing pseudocapacitance for binary intercrossing hydrogel based supercapacitor

To enhance the electrochemical performance of flexible solid-state supercapacitors, the effective utilization of pseudocapacitance, induced by redox components, is imperative. In this study, we developed a polyacrylamide (PAM)/PEG binary intercrossing hydrogel skeleton, using the acrylamide in situ polymerization method. We incorporated 3-aminophenol (3-AP) and acid into the system to leverage its redox surface capacitance and improve its electrolyte morphology, thereby increasing the specific capacitance of the device. Additionally, it is observed that the interconnected macromolecular scaffold can effectively decrease the diffusion distance of electrolyte ions, leading to an optimal pH value and 3-AP concentration achieved via the oxidation-reduction process. At a scanning current of 0.1 A g−1, the specific capacitance reaches an impressive 120.6 F g−1. Furthermore, a notable increase in both energy density and power density is achieved, reaching 6.6 W h kg−1 and 625 W kg−1, respectively. This groundbreaking approach to enhancing capacitance in quasi-solid hydrogel supercapacitors offers a promising avenue for further exploration.

Double redox-active quinone molecules functionalized a three-dimensional graphene network for high-performance supercapacitor

As a well-known two-dimensional material, graphene is widely used as an electrode material in energy storage devices. However, the tendency of the agglomeration or restacking of graphene sheets limit the properties. To overcome this issue, redox-active molecules can be introduced that inhibit the stacking of graphene sheets and impart excellent pseudocapacitance properties. In this study, we design a three-dimensional (3D) graphene network anchored with redox-active 2,5-(di-p-phenylenediamine)-1,4-benzoquinone (DBP) and hydroquinone (HQ) (DFGN) using a facile one-step hydrothermal process. The covalent binding and absorption between redox-active molecules and graphene sheets reduce restacking and enable promising pseudocapacitance through reversible faradic reactions of quinone and aniline structures. Among all the samples, DFGN-1 shows the best specific capacitance (667.3 F/g at 1 A/g), high-rate capability (89.2 % even up to 50 A/g), and good cycling stability. Furthermore, DFGN-1 is also employed as an electrode material to construct flexible solid-state supercapacitors (FSSCs), which exhibit great specific capacitance (441 F/g at 0.5 A/g), excellent cycling stability (90.6 % after 10,000 cycles at 10 A/g) and high-energy density of 9.29 Wh/kg at a power density of 96.22 W/kg. Interestingly, FSSCs also display great mechanical flexibility in bending and twisting states and extraordinary mechanical durability even after being bent 5000 times. Overall, double redox-active quinone molecules functionalized 3D graphene network provides a novel tactic to construct promising potential electrodes in energy storage applications.

Nitrogen and iron co-doped carbon quantum dots/MnO2 nanowire composites for flexible solid-state supercapacitors with high areal capacitance

Herein, the synthesis of MnO2 nanowires decorated with transition metal-doped carbon quantum dots (MCQDs) is described for use as binder-free flexible solid-state supercapacitors. In particular, the water-soluble Fe and N co-doped MCQDs prepared by amidation reaction with ferric ammonium citrate and urea had ultrafine particle morphologies and showed super-hydrophilicity in aqueous solution, which greatly improved the contact probability between the electrode and the electrolyte. In addition, the co-doped MCQDs increased both the electrical conductivity and specific capacitance of the MnO2/carbon-based nanocomposites and limited the collapse and exfoliation of the MnO2 structure during extended cycling. Compared with pristine MnO2 electrode, the MCQDs/MnO2 composite electrode exhibited faster charge-discharge rate and improved cycle stability with increased specific capacitance. The flexible symmetric supercapacitor constructed from the MCQDs/MnO2 composite had a capacitance retention of 85.6 % after 10,000 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 2 mA cm−2. In addition, the device showed a maximum power density of 4.8 W cm−2 at an energy density of 2.3 mW h cm−2, and a maximum energy density of 11.16 mW h cm−2 at a power density of 311.6 mW cm−2. Data Availability StatementThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Dodecahedral NC-doped CoSe2 nanoparticles with excellent stability for high-performance flexible solid-state supercapacitors

In this study, CoSe2/NC composites with stable dodecahedral structures were prepared by a simple one-step carbonization-selenization method using ZIF-67 as the precursor, and the effect of annealing time on their morphology and properties was investigated. SEM and TEM characterization results showed that the material with an annealing time of 1 h had the most stable framework structure and complete selenization. Under a three-electrode system with 2.0 M KOH as the electrolyte, CoSe2/NC-1 possesses a high capacity of 554.4F/g at 1 A/g and excellent cycling stability (92% capacity retention after 21,000 cycles). In addition, a flexible solid-state supercapacitor was assembled with CoSe2/NC-1 as the positive electrode and AC as the negative electrode. The power density was 800 W/Kg at 1 A/g, and the cycling stability was tested at 91.53% after 6000 cycles at 2 A/g. The flexible solid-state supercapacitors were tested for suppleness, and their voltage could still reach 1.6 V with stable specific capacity and light up LED bulbs when measured at 0°, 90° and 180°. Undoubtedly, the CoSe2/NC-1 material prepared in this study exhibits promising electrochemical characteristics, making it a viable candidate for implementation in flexible solid-state supercapacitors.

Boosting electrochemical property of carbon cloth for supercapacitors with electrodeposited aniline-based copolymers

As a kind of promising electrode in flexible supercapacitors, carbon cloth (CC) has been functionalized to boost its electrochemical performance. Here, facile electrochemical copolymerization was used to boost the electrochemical property of CC by adjusting the structure and morphology of electrodeposited aniline-based copolymers. With the optimized feeding ratio of triphenylamine (TPA), the aniline-based copolymer (PANI-T) was obtained on the functionalized CC (FCC) with a unique morphology as network of nanowires, showing the higher areal specific capacitance of 2489 mF cm−2 than the one with polyaniline (PANI) nanorods (FCC@PANI) of 2125 mF cm−2 and the one with copolymer nanoparticles of aniline and diphenylamine (DPA) (FCC@PANI-D) of 1693 mF cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2. Compared with the FCC@PANI electrode, the boosting ratio was 126% and 147% for the FCC@PANI-D and FCC@PANI-T, respectively. The electrochemical performance of the flexible solid-state symmetrical supercapacitor (FSSC) indicated the promising potential of the FCC@PANI-T for practical application.

Preparation of Antioxidative MXene by Deep Eutectic Solvent-Assisted Electrochemical Ultrasonic Composite Exfoliation and Its Application in Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitors

In this work, we achieved a novel preparation of Ti3C2 MXene (MXene–DES) with few layers and a high degree of hydroxylation by a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-assisted electrochemical ultrasonic composite exfoliation method which is easy to scale up. The electrochemical process used a mixture of low-cost DES (choline chloride–urea) and water as the electrolyte, in which DES acts as a triple role of intercalation, interlayer expansion, and anti-oxidation. DES attached to the surface and interlayer of layered Ti3C2 formed an antioxidative protective cover, resulting in the layered Ti3C2 being grafted with hydroxyl functional groups instead of forming TiO2 in water during the entire exfoliation process. The prepared MXene–DES exhibits fewer layers, larger interlayer spacing, higher degree of hydroxylation, and stronger oxidation resistance than the MXene prepared by traditional ultrasound in a nitrogen atmosphere (MXene–N2). The symmetric flexible solid-state supercapacitor based on an activated carbon electrode and the composite gel polymer electrolyte composed of MXene–DES, DES, and polyvinyl alcohol exhibits good mechanical properties, a wide voltage window of 2.3 V, and a high specific capacitance of 133.7 F·g–1 (0.1 A·g–1). Our strategy paved a simple, low-cost, and relatively environmentally friendly way to the scalable preparation and application of antioxidative high-quality MXene.

Novel favorably interconnected N-doped porous carbon hybrid electrode materials for high energy density supercapacitors

A strategy to prepare facile electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors with high conductivity, high surface area and hierarchical pore structure along with nitrogen functional groups to enhance the electrochemical performance, is presented in this work. Partially unravelled carbon nanotubes (PURNTs) are interconnected to the wrinkled few layered graphene nanosheets (WfG), which act as quick ion and charge transportation channels. Here, PURNTs acts as a spacer to the WfG to avoid the restacking. Though WfG-PURNTs exhibit good results, to further improve the electrochemical performance we developed an electrode material by designing nitrogen-doped porous carbon covered favorably interconnected WfG-PURNTs with interconnected pore structure. The WfG-PURNTs serve as the conductive matrix, which plays a key role in enhancing the N-PC (WfG-PURNTs) electrode material's electrochemical performance. And the nitrogen functional groups, through faradaic red-ox reactions, contribute to the pseudocapacitance in addition to the electric double layer capacitance, thereby enhancing overall supercapacitive performance. The developed N-PC (WfG-PURNTs)-700 shows a high nitrogen amount of 6.8 at %, with a high active surface area of 2418 m2 g−1. The synergistic effect of the WfG-PURNTs and N-doped porous carbon results in high supercapacitive performance and better cyclic stability. It shows an excellent specific capacitance (Cp) of 954 F g−1 at high current density of 2 A g−1. Also, the assembled symmetric supercapacitors show high energy densities of 61.1, 119.4, and 195.4 Wh kg−1 in acidic, neutral and ionic liquid electrolytes, respectively. We also designed asymmetric solid-state flexible supercapacitor which exhibits a high specific capacitance of 209.4 F g−1 at 2 A g−1 and an excellent energy density of 29.15 Wh kg−1. Furthermore, the assembled three such flexible supercapacitors in series connection, could able to light up red colored LED for 30 min once charged for 60 s.

A homologous strategy to parallelly construct doped MOFs-derived electrodes for flexible solid-state hybrid supercapacitors

A homologous strategy to parallelly construct doped MOFs-derived electrodes for flexible solid-state hybrid supercapacitors

Lightweight flexible solid-state supercapacitor based on graphene/non-woven fabric electrode

Flexible and lightweight supercapacitors with high safety and fast charging/discharging behavior are ideal power supplies for wearable and portable electronic devices. One of the bottlenecks in this field is to develop high-performance devices with economical materials and applicable fabrication technologies. Here we report an inexpensive, highly flexible, solid-state supercapacitor with graphene coated non-woven fabric (N-rGO) as the collector, electrodeposited Ni/Fe2O3 and polypyrrole (PPY) as the negative and positive materials, respectively. The flexible supercapacitor (FSC) presents a remarkable areal capacitance of 316.2 mF cm−2 with Na2SO4/polyvinyl alcohol gel electrolyte, which delivers an outstanding energy density as high as 43.2 μWh cm−2 at a power density of 0.5 mW cm−2. Furthermore, the device demonstrates excellent electrochemical integrity by well maintaining its capacitance in the cases of cyclic operation and mechanical bending. This research provides a rational design strategy for the facile fabrication of highly flexible, lightweight and low-cost flexible supercapacitors.

Wood inspired anisotropic polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel with hierarchical channels for low temperature tolerant solid-state supercapacitors via directional freezing

Hierarchical microstructures are unique characteristic in various natural organisms with optimized functions. The anisotropic structure offers low-tortuosity with hierarchical porosity, providing sufficient multifunctional channels for mass/ion transport, which is desirable for the design of low temperature tolerant energy storage device. Conductive hydrogels are elastic crosslinked polymeric networks that adaptable in various environmental conditions, exhibiting promising potentials for energy storage and conversion devices. However, conventional hydrogel based energy storage devices would inevitably freeze at low temperatures (< 0 °C) due to the high content of solvent water, which fundamentally lead to the fatal deterioration of the ionic conductivity and limit their applications in extreme conditions. In this paper, a flexible solid-state supercapacitor was prepared using wood inspired anisotropic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel electrolyte via directional freezing strategy. The hierarchical channels are tuneable by varying the concentrations of PVA solutions. The ionic conductivity of hydrogel electrolyte was significantly enhanced in the full temperature range attributing to the hierarchical microstructures, specifically, the microscale vessel-like directional ion transport channels coupled with nanopores on the inner walls. With co-mixing of dimethyl sulfoxide/ethylene glycol as the organic solvent medium, the assembled solid-state supercapacitors exhibited excellent electrochemical performance of 65% capacity retention at -30 °C, remarkably flexibility and decent cycling stability of 75% capacity retention after 5000 cycles at -20 °C. This work demonstrates that the hierarchical anisotropic channels and organic anti-frozen additive could significantly enhance the low temperature performance of solid-state supercapacitors, opening up new strategy for advancing energy storage devices at extreme conditions via the bio-mimicked optimization of microstructure and electrolyte composition.

Synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/dysprosium selenide (Dy2Se3) composite electrode for energy storage; flexible asymmetric supercapacitor

In recent years, the requirement for flexible electrode materials has attracted scientific attention for developing flexible supercapacitors. The present work reports the porous reduced graphene oxide/dysprosium selenide (rGO/Dy2Se3) composite thin films preparation, employing successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. This work offers thorough information about the structure, morphology, and elemental analysis of prepared rGO/Dy2Se3 composite, as well as its electrochemical properties such as specific capacitance (Cs), charge transfer resistance, electrochemical stability, etc. The rGO/Dy2Se3 composite electrode achieved a Cs of 289 F g−1 at a 5 mV s−1 scan rate with 89% retention up to 5000 galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) cycles due to synergy between properties of Dy2Se3 and rGO. A flexible solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor (FSSAS) rGO-Dy2Se3/LiClO4-PVA/MnO2) device delivered Cs of 107 F g−1 at a 5 mV s−1 and a specific energy of 45 Wh kg−1 at a power of 9 kW kg−1. The FSSAS device retained 91% of its capacitance at a 160° bending angle. These findings show that Dy2Se3 anchored on rGO using SILAR method is a promising candidate for supercapacitors.