Solid Modeling Software Research Articles

Design and Analysis of Piston by using Ansys Workbench

Abstract: In this study, structural analysis is investigated on conventional piston made of cast iron. Secondly analysis are performed on piston made of aluminum, titanium alloy , structural steel and fiber glass. The material used for the design of piston should have light weight, low cost, structurally and thermally withstand at very high pressure and temperature condition that will occur in combustion process. In this project, It has been decide to study a particular piston design And its capability for maximum gas pressure. In this work, initial planning is to make piston model using solid modeling software CATIA V5. It has been decided to mesh the geometry analyze using ANSYS. For the analysis of piston input conditions and process of analysis, a lot of literature survey has been done. High combustion gas pressure will act as a mechanical loads and causes major stresses in the critical region of the piston. Detailed static structural analysis is carried out for various loading conditions like maximum gas pressure load.

Modification of Humeral Component Results in Increased Impingement Free Range of Motion in a Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Model.

Shoulder arthroplasties have been demonstrated to provide reliable pain relief as well as functional benefits. The advent of the reverse shoulder arthroplasty allowed for expanded indications for shoulder replacement. Several studies comparing the outcomes of anatomic and reverse total shoulder arthroplasties have demonstrated decreased range of motion in the reverse arthroplasty cohort, especially in internal rotation. The authors hypothesized that slight modifications to the humeral component of a reverse shoulder arthroplasty could result in increased impingement free range of motion without significant sacrifices to stability. A reverse shoulder arthroplasty model was fashioned to mimic a setting of anterior mechanical impingement after replacement. Sequential resections were taken from the anterior aspect of the polyethylene up to a resection of 10 mm. A solid modeling software was utilized to compare the experimental group to the control group with regard to impingement free motion. Finite element analysis was subsequently utilized to assess stability of the construct in comparison to the nonmodified polyethylene. Impingement free internal rotation increased minimally at 3 mm of resection but considerably at each further increase in resection. A resection of 10 mm resulted roughly 30% improvement in impingement free internal rotation. Instability in this model increased with modifications beyond 7 mm. Slight alterations to the geometry of the humeral tray and polyethene components can result in improvements in impingement-free internal rotation without substantial increased instability in this model. Further work is needed to determine in vivo implications of modifications to the humeral tray and polyethylene.

A Numerical Method-Based Analysis of the Structural Deformation Behaviour of a Turkish String Instrument (Cura Baglama) under Varying String Tensions

This study focuses on the structural design analysis of a cura baglama, a traditional Turkish string instrument that does not have in place a regulated set of manufacturing standards to follow. The aim therefore is to introduce a structural deformation analysis for a sample cura baglama in three different string tensions via a numerical method-based engineering analysis technique. The three-dimensional solid model of a sample cura baglama was created using a 3D scanner and parametric 3D solid modelling software. Based on experimental frequency analysis, structural deformation analyses of the instrument were conducted using finite element method-based engineering simulation techniques. The simulation results revealed useful visual and numerical outputs related to the deformation behaviour of the instrument under pre-defined boundary conditions. A maximum deformation of 0.223 mm on the soundboard (at the D3 tune) and a maximum equivalent stress of 18.325 MPa on the bridge (at the D3 tune) were calculated. The outputs of this research contribute to further research into the usage of numerical method-based deformation simulation studies related to the standardisation, development, and preservation of such traditional string instruments.

Investigation of the Tooth Profile for Screw Compressor Considering Leakages by Simulating in CFD

The positive displacement twin-screw compressor is used to compress gases to modest pressures. Internal leakage is a fundamental issue with screw compressors. The design and performance are impacted by the phenomenon of leakages across various clearances. The experimental processes are costly and time-consuming to manufacture screw compressor. The performance of various tooth profiles of screw compressor can be determine by utilising CFD. The aim of study is to develop screw compressor profiles in solid modelling software and numerical analysis in CFD. The change in the flow rate, clearance, and tooth profile and by considering other parameter, like pressure velocity and temperature, the clearance between the male-female and casing can be adjusted and hence the scope of improvement considering the actual phenomena taking place within the screw compressor. By modifying the input parameter the losses between the internal leakages and the functional issues with the screw compressor can be minimize

Numerical determination of freedom spaces from any set of twists

We introduce a complete numerical algorithm to find the principal twists of all freedom spaces given an arbitrary set of twists without constructing the constraint space. Additionally, we propose principal geometry as a visual representation of all possible principal twists for a freedom space. Principal twists are unique to each space and can be used to identify freedom spaces by comparing their relative forms. Identifying freedom spaces has been a central problem in screw theory since its conception. Until now, there was no autonomous tool that can identify all freedom spaces. This tool can be integrated into solid modeling software, such as SolidWorks, to help design mechanisms using the freedom and constraint topologies (FACT) approach by linking desired motions to freedom space type and orientation. We accomplished this by converting existing analytical methods to numerical solutions, improving existing numerical tools, deriving new methods to find principal twists, and strengthening prior definitions. Finally, principal geometries give an orthogonal set of degrees of freedom for mechanism designers and formalize the idea of principal twists in the FACT design approach.

Design of flash vessel for caustic recovery plant

Textile manufacturing industry uses substantial amount of chemicals not only in the production processes but also in manufacturing the raw materials. Caustic Soda (Sodium Hydroxide) is one of the significant synthetics which are utilized in enormous amounts for delivering cotton materials. This study focuses on the design and analysis of flash vessel, which is one of the components of caustic recovery system. We designed flash vessel as per ASME boiler and pressure vessels code section II PART D. Solid model of flash vessel is developed using solid modelling software. Finite element analysis is carried out using ANSYS. Results of the finite element analysis of vessel indicates that all stresses and deformation are below the permissible limit as per ASME standards. Theoretical calculations using pressure vessel formulas are very close to that of the values obtained from finite element simulations. It is inferred that the designed flash vessels are suitable for high tensions and high temperature working conditions. After design calculation and simulation, fabrication is carried out for the flash vessel under supervision. Hydrotest was performed as per ASME SEC III DEVISION-1 UG-99 of flash vessel and the examination data indicates the safe design of flash vessel.

Modeling electron transport and multiplication in photomultiplier tubes using COMSOL Multiphysics®

Combining stochastic and finite element methods, a modeling approach was executed that will inform new photomultiplier tube and scintillation detector designs. Time-dependent signal formation within a commercially available photomultiplier tube was modeled including the release and transport of electrons from the photocathode through the dynode stages. An ET Enterprises 9214B photomultiplier tube was digitally reproduced using Computed Tomography, X-ray radiography, and SolidWorks solid-modeling software. Simulations were executed with COMSOL Multiphysics® finite element solving package. Stochastic models of electron emission from the photocathode and dynodes were integrated within the COMSOL framework. Photoelectron emission energy was modeled by combining NaI(Tl) spectral emission characteristics and K2CsSb photocathode quantum efficiency. Secondary electron emission yields were produced to follow nominal photomultiplier gain, while secondary electron energies were sampled from the Chung-Everhart distribution. Electron emission trajectories were sampled according to Lambert's cosine law. Coupling stochastic and finite element models, simulation reproduced signal formation for the commercial photomultiplier tube including timing characteristics within 9.5% and gain within 3% over a voltage range of 900–1250 V.

Finite Element Analysis of Connecting Rod using Composite Material

Abstract: The connecting rod is the intermediate member between the piston and the Crankshaft. Its primary function is to transmit the push and pull from the piston pin to the crank pin, thus converting the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crank. This thesis describes designing and Analysis of connecting rod using composite materials. In this, drawing is drafted from the calculations. In this project connecting rod is replaced by aluminum based composite material reinforced with Boron carbide. And it also describes the modeling and analysis of connecting rod. NX solid modeling software is used to generate the 3-D solid model of Connecting rod. ANSYS software is used to analyze the connecting rod. The main aim of the project is to analysis the stress, strain, deformation of connecting rod by varying material with same geometry. Keywords: Connecting Rod, Analysis of Connecting Rod, Aluminum Alloy Connecting Rod, Design and Analysis of Connecting Rod.

Dynamic Analysis and Fabrication of Single Screw Conveyor Machine

The design and development of machine tools play a vital role in the current economic growth. It facilitates the reduction of manufacturing cost coping with a quickly changing business environment. During the design of the machine tool, the dynamic characteristics need to be calibrated for avoiding uncertainties. This paper investigates the design, dynamic characteristics, and development of a single screw conveyor machine which is used to blend waste plastic material with catalysts. The conveyor machine model is created based on the idea developed from filament extruder machine with Pro-E solid modelling software. Its multibody dynamic analysis was carried out for the selected operational requirements in the ADAMS View. It shows that when the conveyor screw operated above the velocity of 42 m/s, the deformation will occur at a maximum value of 4.23 mm. The rigid body dynamic was carried out in ANSYS to solve the performance forecasting problems at their design stage. The dynamic analysis results were suggested to improve the conveying machine and driving mechanisms design parameters.

Length change pattern of the ankle deltoid ligament during physiological ankle motion

BackgroundLength change pattern of the ankle deltoid ligament during physiological ankle motion is still confused currently and had not been studied in vivo. MethodsThe deltoid ligaments from 7 cadaveric specimens were dissected. Lengths of each band during 30° plantarflexion to 20° dorsiflexion were measured. A dual fluoroscopy imaging system was utilized to capture the images of hindfoot joint of 7 healthy subjects during the stance phase of walking. 3D bone models were reconstructed from CT images. Lengths of each band were calculated after model-image registration utilizing a solid modeling software. Percentage of length variation and poses when the bands were in maximum extension were documented among each band. ResultsThe anterior border of tibiocalcaneal ligament (TCL) had only 1.7% length variation in vitro and 5.7% length variation in vivo. The tibionavicular ligament, tibiospring ligament, and deep anterior tibiotalar ligament were in maximum extension at 30° plantarflexion, however, superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament, deep posterior tibiotalar ligament, and the posterior border of TCL were in maximum extension at 20° dorsiflexion. The tibionavicular ligament, tibiospring ligament, and deep anterior tibiotalar ligament were in maximum extension during foot flat. The TCL was in maximum extension during midstance. The superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament and deep posterior tibiotalar ligament were in maximum extension during heel off and toe off. ConclusionThe length of TCL did not change during ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. The bands anterior to and posterior to the TCL showed different length change pattern during physiological ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.

A study on triply periodic minimal surfaces: A case study

Connecting rod is mounted between piston and crankshaft. It converts reciprocating motion of piston into rotary motion of crankshaft and this conversion is inform through the pull and the push from piston pin and crank pin. A shank connects the big and the small end of the connecting rod. The current study involves in exploring the use of minimal surfaces concept to eliminate the solid shank without compromising in the strength that the I-section provides to the connecting rod. In this designing process, a triply periodic minimal surface has been introduced into cavity located at shank. Moreover, a parametric model of connecting rod is modelled through a solid modeling software and later taken to another modeling software where the minimal surface is being modeled. The model is then analyzed for its structural stability by an analysis software. Von-misses stress and total deformation have been estimated and compared with that of the traditional design. It has been observed that through the implementation of minimal surface there has been an appreciable reduction in overall stress and the total deformation.

Design, Structural and Thermal Analysis of Piston by Using Finite Element Analysis

Abstract: In this project, it was chosen to investigate a specific piston design and its maximum gas pressure capabilities. The first aim for this project is to create a piston model using the solid modelling software CATIA V5. The geometry will be meshed and analyzed using the ANSYS software. A thorough literature search was conducted for the examination of piston input circumstances and the analytical process. High combustion gas pressures operate as mechanical loads, causing substantial strains in the piston's critical area. For various loading situations, such as maximum gas pressure load, a detailed static structural analysis is carried out. To choose the best material, a comparative research is carried out. Relative examination is never really dominated material. A cylinder is a mechanical part found in an assortment of cycles like pneumatic chambers. Responding siphons, responding motors and gas blowers. It is the upward development inside a chamber that is put away gastight by cylinder .In the auto business, it is found that the cylinder is the most fundamental part of the motor, and that it is presented to serious mechanical and warm loads. Warm burdens are initiated in the cylinder because of the exceptionally high temperature differential between the cylinder crown and the cooling displays. The cylinders are regularly built of aluminum due to its lightweight and heat conductivity. Be that as it may, as a result of its low hot strength and high development coefficient, it isn't suggested for use in high-temperature applications. The reason for a section bar or potentially an associating bar in a motor is to move power from growing gas to the barrel shaped shaft through an interfacing bar and additionally segment pole. To pack or remove the liquid put away in the chamber, the siphons turned around the capacity of the cylinder and communicate power from driving rod to it. In the initial step the primary examination of a common cylinder developed of the aluminum composite is concentrated in this exploration. The subsequent advance is to direct an investigation on a cylinder developed of Aluminum and Cast iron. Lightweight, minimal expense, primarily and thermally safe materials ought to be used in the development of pistons in the third step Validation of investigation result with contrasting the traditional material.

Endocutter Staple Height Auto-Adjusts to Tissue Thickness

Surgeon choice of the appropriate staple height has been cited as a factor in the mechanical integrity of a staple line. However, tissue measured at the industry standard 8 g/mm2 is usually thicker than the formed staple height of the staples that hold it together. This means that the pressure that the staples apply must be greater than 8g/mm2. Additionally, formed staple heights in tissue may be different than formed staple heights of the same cartridge type when fired without tissue. This means that there is likely a compressive limit to the individual staples deployed by the stapling system. The purpose of this study is to establish the degree to which staple heights of endocutter staples auto-adjust to tissue and the compressive limit to tissue that this infers. Excised gastric remnants from laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were measured for tissue thickness at different external pressures. An optimized experimental staple line was then created in parallel to the clinical staple line. The doubly-stapled gastric sliver then underwent computed tomography with solid modeling software to measure staple heights. Staple heights fired in gastric tissue were significantly different than industry labelled and control staple heights. Clinical staple heights were significantly shorter than measured tissue thickness at 8 g/mm2. Staple height more closely approximated tissue thickness under 15 g/mm2 of pressure, rather than the 8 g/mm2 loading pressure used by industry for tissue thickness range labelling. Staples deployed in human gastric tissue are taller than commercial labelling. The closed staple height corresponds to tissue thickness under 15g/mm2 of pressure, not the labelled staple height. These results demonstrate that staple heights from modern endocutter staplers adjust to tissue, approximating a maximum compressive force just above 15g/mm2.

Transanal endoscopic surgery with a 3D printed device.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of devices manufactured with 3D printing for performing transanal endoscopic procedures without pneumorectum. Functional devices were designed in the Polytechnic School of Engineering of Gijón from 2016 to 2018 using three-dimensional (3D) solid modelling software (Solid-Works®), that allows customization of the device (diameter and length). The devices were made in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) by additive manufacturing using an HP Designjet 3D Printer, with fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology. Tests were carried out on mixed simulators (with viscera) and cadavers with a prototype in the form of an open cylindrical base ellipsoid spindle with two bars. In this paper, we present the information of the first series of patients in which this device has been used to perform a full-thikness endoscopic resection of the rectal wall without pneumorectum. The characteristics of the patients, size, and location of the lesion, the type of anesthesia used, the duration of the procedure, hospital stay, complications, and pathology were analyzed. An endoscopic follow-up was also carried out for at least 2 years. Seven interventions were carried out in six patients. The lesions were located at a mean distance of 5 cm from the anal verge and an average area of 11.8 cm2. Four of the procedures were performed with general anesthesia and 3 with spinal anesthesia. Histopathology examination identified 3 adenomas, 3 pT1 and 1 pT2 adenocarcinomas. All excisions were full thickness. En bloc excision was possible in all cases. In only one case of a benign polyp there was a positive lateral margin. As regards complications, there was one case of postoperative rectal bleeding without the need for transfusions. There were no readmissions and no postoperative mortality. An innovative device made with a 3D printer can be used successfully in transanal endoscopic resections of the rectal wall, with spinal anaesthesia and avoiding the need for pneumorectum.

Design and manufacturing of Shock pot mounts for Road Quality Analysis

The main purpose of this project was to design and fabricate a system that can be used for road quality analysis. It incorporates a linear potentiometer sensor to sense the displacement of the wheel, a data logger module to collect and store the sensor data, and a mechanical mount to hold the sensor rigidly in the desired position. The sensor data stored in the datalogger is then filtered and smoothened using Butterworth filter to get clean data. This data is further plotted on a displacement v/s distance graph. Standard color codes are decided and are assigned to each condition based on their ratios. Color codes, therefore, helps in the quick graphical interpretation of the data. The solid model of the mounts is done on solid modelling software and the data interpretation part is done using MATLAB. The proposed system can be mounted on various vehicles and can be further improved by analysing the live data and representing them on the navigation systems.

Workspace analysis of 3-DOF U-shape base planar parallel robotic motion stage using shape memory alloy restoration technique (SMART) linear actuators

The applications of lightweight planar parallel robotic manipulators are increasing enormously because of its various desirable characteristics such as low weight, lower inertia and higher stiffness. Higher accelerations and accuracies can be achieved in planar parallel manipulators. Also, shape memory alloy restoration technique (SMART)-based linear actuators are replacing huge and bulky linear actuators. This study presents the kinematic design of smart linearly actuated family of U-shape base planar parallel robotic manipulator. With the aid of solid modelling software, different available configurations were modelled and their workspace was analysed. The developed 3-DOF motion stages (18 unique configurations) were fabricated using fused deposition modelling process, and the top three configurations having higher workspace were further experimented. It is interesting to observe that the actual or experimental workspace of a particular manipulator configuration is further minimised from the predicted or feasible workspace. It is due to the presence of passive links, singularities, friction between the parts, heat dissipation, force distribution, stiffness, etc. The present study depicts the experimental workspace of the top three configurations, namely PPR-PRP-PRR, PRP-PPR-PRP and PRP-PPR-PRR. Since none of the experimental workspace observed is equal or higher than the model workspace, an efficiency loss in terms of workspace reduction was calculated to understand the acceptability of the configurations in different domains. Apart from the loss, the result disclosed that the actual workspace of all the manipulators was within the feasible workspace domain of mobile platform. The PPR-PRP-PRR manipulator was found to possess highest experimental workspace than other configurations. Note: P, P, and R refer to active prismatic, passive prismatic and passive revolute joints respectively.

Finite Element Analysis of effect of cusp inclination and occlusal contacts in PFM and PEEK implant-supported crowns on resultant stresses

BackgroundEffect of prosthesis design on occlusal overload and long-term implant stability cannot be overstated. In Porcelain Fused to Metal (PFM) crowns, low cusp inclination and occlusal contacts limited to central fossa ensure axially directed forces on an implant but often pose esthetic and functional challenges. It is theorized that resilient Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) crowns have shock absorption capacity for favorable stress distribution. This study compared two implant crown materials and evaluated the effect of cusp inclination and occlusal contact distribution on resultant stresses. MethodsThirty 3D finite element models of implant-supported PFM and PEEK crowns, generated using Solidedge 3D CAD solid modeling software (v19, Siemens PLM Software Inc.,US), were used to study the effect of 3 cups inclinations (0°, 15°, 30°) under five load conditions, with 300N force distributed over one, two, or three contact areas and exported to ANSYS (v18.1, ANSYS Inc. Pennsylvania, US) for stress analysis. ResultsMaximum stress in both PFM and PEEK models was at the neck of the implant under Load 3(300N distributed over three contact areas: central fossa, buccal cusp tip, marginal ridge). Minimum stress in all models was under Load 1(300N applied at one contact area in central fossa). Maximum stresses were recorded for 30° cusp inclination in PFM models. ConclusionIn both PFM and PEEK crown models, contact areas placed away from the implant axis generated greater implant and peri-implant stresses and had more effect on resultant stresses than that of increase in cusp inclination. The effect of cusp inclination on the resultant stresses was dependent on the crown material.

Bike clutch plate thermal analysis with using different materials

In this present paper, wet clutch is analysed by Computational Modeling. 2-D drawings are designed for multi plate clutch from computational calculations. 3D model is created in the Solid Edge modeling software for bike clutch. FEM analysis of clutch is carried out by varying friction materials with some non metals and composite materials. The best material suited for the lining of friction surfaces is found. Thermal transient investigation will be done on the wet grating plates to check the quality. Modeling of multi plate clutch is done by using Solid edge Software and then the model is imported into ANSYS Software for Structural, Thermal analysis to check the quality and temperature contours. Results show that friction materials like Al alloy, Al oxide, Cast iron, Carbon fiber and Al nitride generate 146.31 °C, 136.77 °C, 146.44 °C, 149.99 °C and 144.54 °C respectively. Heat flux results with the above friction materials are respectively 1.18 w/mm2, 1.04 w/mm2, 0.56 w/mm2, 0.0085 w/mm2 and 1.25 w/mm2. A twin grasp transmission is very like the traditional programmed, the primary distinction being the twofold grip structure contrasted with the single programmed grasp utilized in automatics. Automatics utilize a torque converter to move motor torque from the motor to the transmission. Basic investigation for grip plate has done utilizing the properties of three materials which are utilized for liner (for example carbon–carbon composites, Kevlar, Ceramic composites). A twin grasp transmission is very like the traditional programmed, the primary distinction being the twofold grip structure contrasted with the single programmed grasp utilized in automatics.

Stress analysis of different types of cages in cervical vertebrae: a finite element study

To facilitate cervical fusion, cervical cages filled with bone or bone substitute are inserted between the vertebrae. To improve the subsidence of the cage and to avoid its post-surgical migration, design optimization concept is being employed in the present work. In this study, finite element method is being used to design several cervical cages with varying shapes and sizes. The cages are designed using Solid modeling software. Finite element analysis (FEA) optimization is done by varying the material properties as well as shapes and sizes of the cage. Stress analysis has been performed using FEA in the cervical vertebrae C3-C4 for the different types of cages.

In vivo kinematics of functional ankle instability patients during the stance phase of walking

BackgroundPrevious studies showed functional ankle instability (FAI) patients have morphological ligamentous abnormality, despite having no apparent joint laxity. Research questionWhether tibiotalar and subtalar joints hypermobility exists in FAI patients during stance phase of walking, remains controversial. MethodsTen unilateral FAI patients, ten unilateral lateral ankle sprain (LAS) copers and ten healthy controls were included. A dual fluoroscopy imaging system was utilized to capture the fluoroscopic images of tibiotalar and subtalar joint during the stance phase of walking. Kinematic data from six degrees of freedom were calculated utilizing a solid modeling software. The range of motion and joint excursions about six degrees of freedom were compared among the three groups. The correlations between range of motion and Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) scores were assessed utilizing the Spearman’s correlation coefficient (r). ResultsDuring the stance phase, the FAI patients and LAS copers showed larger tibiotalar anterior/posterior translation than the healthy controls (FAI patients, p = .013; LAS copers, p = .002). The FAI patients also showed significantly larger lateral/medial translation (p = .035) and inversion/eversion rotation (p = .003) of subtalar joints than healthy controls. By contrast, the subtalar joints of the LAS copers were not different from those of the healthy controls in the lateral/medial translation (p = .459) and inversion/eversion rotation (p = .091). CAIT scores were negatively correlated with range of motion. SignificanceDuring the stance phase of walking, FAI patients showed significantly larger hypermobility of subtalar joints than healthy controls, contrary to the LAS copers. These findings justify the utilization of dual fluoroscopy imaging system to detect joint hypermobility in FAI patients. Treatment for FAI patients may require stabilization of the subtalar joint.