Solid Materials Research Articles

Organic Ionic Plastic Crystal/Polymer Composite Electrolyte Prepared By Solution Casting Method for Solid-State Lithium Batteries

Solid-state electrolytes have been considered as a promising candidate to address the safety issues for next-generation lithium batteries. Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are attracting increasing interests as solid electrolyte materials due to their unique advantages, such as plasticity, nonflammability, good thermal and electrochemical stability. In this study, an OIPC-based composite electrolyte consisting of the OIPC 1-ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Pyr12TFSI), lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and the polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been developed by a facile solution casting strategy. A free-standing and flexible OIPC/polymer composite membrane was fabricated by the solution casting method, which not only provides flexibility and better electrode/electrolyte contact, but also is more compatible with current battery processing methods. The composite membrane used in Li/Li symmetric cell was cycled stably over 900 h at a current density of 0.1 mA cm−2 at 50 °C, demonstrating that the OIPC/polymer composite electrolyte enabled the reversible and stable lithium plating and stripping behaviors. Further tests of the OIPC/polymer composite as solid electrolyte in LiFePO4/Li cell presented a high specific capacity of 149 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and a long cycle life of over 440 cycles with capacity retention of 89% at 0.5 C at 50 °C, which showed improved rate capability and cycling stability in comparison with the composites with similar compositions but obtained by powder pressing method. This study demonstrated the potential of the OIPC/polymer composite solid electrolyte prepared by solution casting method and will promote the development of high-performance OIPC-based composite electrolytes for solid-state batteries.

Distinct High-Pressure Responses of Halide Perovskites from Bulk to Low Dimension

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) are low-cost and highly efficient optoelectronic and photovoltaic materials for applications in solar cells, light emitting diodes (LEDs), and so on, which is correlated with their intrinsic structures. Now the hybrid perovskite families include three-dimensional (3D) (CH3NH3PbBr3), two-dimensional (2D) ((C4H9NH3)2(CH3NH3)n-1PbnI3n+1) and nanostructured ((CH3NH3PbBr3 nanoparticles) materials. Herein, well understanding the relationship between the cystal structures and the related functional properties of HOIP materials is essential to the application point of view. High pressure up to gigapascal, offers a comprehensive way to study the structure-property correlation of solid materials in the atomic level, where both crystal structures and electronic properties are changed dramatically.In this presentation, high pressure induced dramatically inorganic and organic part changes in 2D HOIPs are comprehensively studied[1,2], as shown in Figure 1. On the other hand, structural phase transition and morphology changes are also explored in 3D HOIP and their nanoparticles[3], as shown in Figure 2. All the high pressure-induced inorganic structural transition is resolved by in situ X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) measurements, morphology change is resolved by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the correlated optical responses are investigated by absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. And the rotational isomerism is evidenced by the vibrational properties of the organic BA chain by Raman spectroscopy combined with the Ab initio calculations.Reference:[1] T Yin, B Liu, J Yan, Y Fang, M Chen, WK Chong, S Jiang, J-L Kuo, J Fang, P L, S-H W, K-P Loh, T-C Sum, T J. White, and Z Xiang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 1235 (2019).[2] Yin T, Yan H, Abdelwahab I, Lekina Y, Lü X, Yang W, Sun H, Leng K, Cai Y, Shen Z, Loh KP, Nat. Commun. 14, 411 (2023).[3] T Yin, Y Fang, WK Chong, KT Ming, S Jiang, X Li, J-L Kuo, J Fang, T-C Sum, T J. White, J Yan, and Z Xiang, Adv. Mater. 30, 1705017 (2018). Figure 1

(Invited) Visualizing Electrode Assembly Movement and Lithiation Gradients in Lithium-Metal Batteries

In this presentation we will introduce dilatometry and profilometry using Operando Energy Dispersive X-Ray Diffraction conducted at the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory. This approach is applied to a Li metal battery with a high-voltage NMC811 cathode but the method is suitable for any and all materials and electrodes.In the technique, micrometer-wide collimated X-rays traverse the electrode assembly, and the Bragg peaks from different crystalline phases are used to track the hard edges of the solid materials as they move due to volume changes in the cell. We visualize, with submicron resolution, the movement of the oxide cathode and microporous separator: the latter is observed through the diffraction of X-rays off the lamellae in the polymer matrix. One can map movement of the cathode and also compression in the porous separator – a task that is beyond the capabilities of mechanical dilatometers. We use our approach to show periodic expansion and contraction of metallic lithium during delithiation and relithiation of the cathode and to quantify formation of mossy lithium on the metal surface. The method is universal, easy to implement in-operando, and is selective in distinguishing between different phases in materials.Another dividend of this method is that it allows the profiling of lithiation gradients in the layered-oxide cathode. In our NMC811/Li cells, the cathode gradients are seen even with weak currents, they occur only during relithiation of the cathode, and they persist as the currents abate during constant-voltage discharge.Other particulars of our experimental approach and observations will also be discussed during the talk.Acknowledgement: This document has been created by UChicago Argonne, LLC, Operator of Argonne National Laboratory (“Argonne”). Argonne, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science laboratory, is operated under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.

Modeling heat conduction with dual-dissipative variables: A mechanism-data fusion method.

Many macroscopic non-Fourier heat conduction models have been developed in the past decades based on Chapman-Enskog, Hermite, or other small perturbation expansion methods. These macroscopic models have achieved great success in capturing non-Fourier thermal behaviors in solid materials, but most of them are limited by small Knudsen numbers and incapable of capturing highly nonequilibrium or ballistic thermal transport. In this paper, we provide a different strategy for constructing macroscopic non-Fourier heat conduction modeling, that is, using data-driven deep-learning methods combined with nonequilibrium thermodynamics instead of small perturbation expansion. We present the mechanism-data fusion method, an approach that seamlessly integrates the rigorous framework of conservation-dissipation formalism (CDF) with the flexibility of machine learning to model non-Fourier heat conduction. Leveraging the conservation-dissipation principle with dual-dissipative variables, we derive an interpretable series of partial differential equations, fine tuned through a training strategy informed by data from the phonon Boltzmann transport equation. Moreover, we also present the inner-step operation to narrow the gap from the discrete form to the continuous system. Through numerical tests, our model demonstrates excellent predictive capabilities across various heat conduction regimes, including diffusive, hydrodynamic, and ballistic regimes, and displays its robustness and precision even with discontinuous initial conditions.

Evaluating concrete material models for blast analysis using 3D finite element analysis

Blast loads are extremely detrimental to structural elements of a building and can result in minor damage to complete failure of a building. Finite element analysis (FEA) is an effective tool to study the behavior of structural elements exposed to blast loading. The focus of this study was to evaluate the performance of three concrete material models available in LS-DYNA and compare the results to experimental results from blast loaded reinforced concrete (RC) panel supported on four sides (two-way bending). Concrete material models chosen for this study were Winfrith (MAT_84-85), Karagozian & Case (MAT_072R3), and Continuous Surface Cap Model (MAT_159). These are widely used in finite element modeling related to civil structures and can account for strain rate dependent properties. Each concrete material model was implemented with and without strain rate effects. The finite element model had concrete material as solid elements and steel reinforcement material as beam elements with simply supported boundary conditions. Results from two different blast loading methods are presented: (1) blast pulse load curve from experimental data (2) blast input by defining type, location, and amount of explosive in terms of TNT. The finite element models were evaluated by comparing fundamental period, peak displacement, and residual displacement to experimental results. In this study, the model using MAT_072R3 most closely matched experimental behavior in comparison to MAT_84-85 and MAT_159. Additional discussion is presented about: (1) single degree of freedom (SDOF) analysis, (2) comparison of numerical and experimental crack patterns, and (3) behavior of concrete material models accounting for compressive and tensile dynamic increase factors (DIFs).

Coupling Chiral Cuboids with Wholly Auxetic Response.

Auxetic materials have been extensively studied for their design, fabrication and mechanical properties. These material systems exhibit unique mechanical characteristics such as high impact resistance, shear strength, and energy absorption capacity. Most existing auxetic materials are two-dimensional (2D) and demonstrate half-auxetic behavior, characterized by a negative Poisson's ratio when subjected to either tensile or compressive forces. Here, we present novel three-dimensional (3D) auxetic mechanical metamaterials, termed coupling chiral cuboids, capable of achieving negative Poisson's ratio under both tension and compression. We perform experiments, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations to validate the wholly auxetic response of the proposed coupling chiral cuboids. Parametric studies are carried out to investigate the effects of structural parameters on the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the coupling chiral cuboids. The results imply that the Poisson's ratio sign-switching from negative to positive can be implemented by manipulating the thickness of Z-shaped ligaments. Finally, the potential application of the coupling chiral cuboids as inner cores for impact-resistant sandwich panels is envisioned and validated. Test results demonstrate a remarkable 49.3% enhancement in energy absorption compared to conventional solid materials.

Attitudes and Practice of Solid Waste Management among Residents of Federal Capital Territory Municipal Council, Nigeria

Background: Attitude is a major determinant of health behaviour. Proper management of solid waste at the household level can only be achieved by identifying the attitude of residents towards household solid waste management practices. Solid wastes (SW) are materials created from human activities that are no longer useful. They are disposable solid materials and might be hazardous to human well-being, e.g. plastics, wood, food, textiles, metals, glass, leather, sanitary waste, septic tank waste, etc. Aim: This study assessed the attitude of Abuja residents towards solid waste management practices in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) Municipal Council. Method: A cross-sectional survey design was used for the study. The respondents for the study were adults from randomly selected households in the AMAC and Bwari suburbs of Abuja FCT. Data was collected from 197 respondents using a self-structured questionnaire (α=0.78). Data was analysed using SPSS version 25.0 Findings: The study showed that the residents of the FCT municipal agreed that organic and plastic materials are the most solid waste materials produced. There was a positive attitude towards waste collection through waste bins (mean value: 2.79, SD: 1.214) but a very poor attitude towards separation of solid wastes before final disposal (mean value: 1.45, SD: 0.939). Conclusion: Despite having a favourable attitude towards collecting their solid wastes in waste baskets (bins) and plastic bags and temporary storage of their solid waste before disposal, 47.2% of FCT residents still dump refuse along the roadside and have a very poor attitude towards separating solid wastes before final disposal. Keywords: Solid waste, Management practices, FCT Municipal council, Solid Waste Management

Eco-friendly solid waste-based cementitious material containing a large amount of phosphogypsum: Performance optimization, micro-mechanisms, and environmental properties

Reusing phosphogypsum (PG) waste to manufacture eco-cementitious materials is sustainable. However, PG faces the challenge of high stacking volume and low utilization rate, and the low-content PG in eco-cementitious materials currently limits its large-scale potential application. This study provides a solution to use high-content PG to fabricate eco-friendly solid waste-based cementitious material (PBC), associated with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash (FA), and hydrated lime. Respond surface methodology (RSM) was undertaken to optimize and discuss the influence of independent design factors of GGBS, FA, and hydrated lime content on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS). Besides, the micro-mechanisms and environmental properties of PBC were also investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the leachate test. The results indicated that the optimal raw material contents were (by mass): 50.57% PG, 28% GGBS, 20% FA, and 1.43% hydrated lime. The UCS of the optimal PBC mixture is 23.57 MPa at 28 days, which was confirmed via experimental verification (24.65 MPa). Hence, the RSM is an effective method for optimizing PBC's UCS. The micro-mechanisms analysis shows that the ettringite is the primary hydration product within the reaction system of PBC, which is attributed to the substantial amount of PG. The leachate test results indicate that the fluoride ion concentration of the leaching solution of PBC remains below the PG, and the pH value falls within the range of 6–9. The leaching test results meet the Chinese environmental standard of GB 8978-1996. The cost and CO2 emission of the optimal PBC mixture could achieve a reduction of 71.25% and 99.98%, respectively, compared to Ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The findings of this study could serve as a theoretical foundation for the practical implementation of large-scale and efficient utilization of PG waste. The developed eco-friendly PBC has excellent potential to partially substitute conventional OPC binders and reduce engineering project costs.

Toward the Atomic-Level Analysis of Ground-State Electronic Structures of Solid Materials via Prediction from Core-Loss Spectra: A Computational Study in Si

Toward the Atomic-Level Analysis of Ground-State Electronic Structures of Solid Materials via Prediction from Core-Loss Spectra: A Computational Study in Si

Case Report : Diagnosis dan Tatalaksanan Pasien Laki-Laki 40 Tahun dengan Kolelitiasis di Rumah Sakit Cut Meutia Aceh Utara

Cholelithiasis or gallstones are pieces of solid material that form in the gallbladder. The prevalence rate of cholelithiasis in developed countries is around 10-15% of the adult population, with the prevalence of cholesterol cholelithiasis. A 40-year-old man came to the emergency room of Cut Meutia Hospital with complaints of pain in the upper right abdomen since 3 weeks ago. The results of the abdominal physical examination found pressure pain in the hypochondrium dextra, murphy sign (+).Based on the examination of bile ultrasound and the results of gallbladder stone multiple. Based on anamnesis, physical examination and elongation examination of the patient was diagnosed with Cholelithiasis + Internal Hemorrhoids Grade I. Surgical management was carried out in the form of laparoscopy, cholecystectomy and postoperative therapy in the form of bed rest, postoperative wound healing, postoperative mobilization and a diet high in fiber and protein and fatty lace diet.

An efficient volume-preserving binary filter for additive manufacturing in topology optimization

Topology optimization faces challenges concerning grey transition regions, manufacturability and computational efficiency. This article introduces an approach called the volume-preserving binary (VPB) filter. This novel sensitivity/density filter, based on a determinant-based matrix approach, efficiently detects grey elements and produces completely binary designs. The VPB filter addresses volume preservation by accurately expressing the volume-preserving condition, i.e. the volume before filtering equals the volume of solid materials after filtering. Comparison with other filtering methods, including the volume-preserving Heaviside filter and the Heaviside projection, illustrates the superior clarity and speed of the VPB filter. It reduces the number of iterations required for topology optimization, from hundreds or thousands to only tens of iterations, making it a promising solution for practical applications where manufacturability and computational efficiency are principal. Examples on compliance optimization, compliant mechanisms and heat conduction demonstrate the VPB filter's effectiveness in providing satisfactory solutions while perfectly preserving the length scale.

Microwave-assisted solvothermal synthesis of nanostructured Ga-Doped Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte with enhanced densification and Li-ion conductivity

Garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) Li-ion solid electrolytes are promising candidates for safe, next-generation solid-state batteries. In this study, we synthesize Ga-doped LLZO (Ga–LLZO) electrolytes using a microwave-assisted solvothermal method followed by low-temperature heat treatment. The nanostructured precursor (<50 nm) produced by the microwave-assisted solvothermal process has a high surface energy, facilitating the reaction for preparing garnet-type Ga–LLZO powders (<800 nm) within a short time (<5 h) at a low calcination temperature (<700 °C). Additionally, the calcined nanostructured Ga–LLZO powder can be sintered to produce a high-density pellet with minimized grain boundaries under moderate sintering conditions (temperature: 1150 °C, duration: 10 h). The optimal doping concentration was determined to be 0.4 mol% Ga, which resulted significantly increased the ionic conductivity (1.04 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 25 °C) and stabilized the cycling performance over 1700 h at 0.4 mA cm−2. This approach demonstrates the potential to synthesize oxide-type solid electrolyte materials with improved properties for solid-state batteries.

Adaptive topology optimization for enhancing resistance to brittle fracture using the phase field model

Computational cost is one of the challenges in the field of fracture resistance topology optimization. An efficient topology optimization approach is proposed for enhancing resistance to structural fracture based on the adaptive isogeometric–meshfree method. The mesh can be adaptively refined in the computational and design domains simultaneously to capture the fracture and structural boundary delicately, which significantly reduces the degree of freedom and improves the efficiency of the topology optimization problems related to crack propagation. The proposed approach naturally inherits the advantages of both the computer-aided design and continuity of the higher-order basis functions, where the geometry and the analysis models in the process of topology optimization are integrated. The problem is formulated to maximize the absorbed energy throughout the crack process using the solid isotropic material with penalization method under volume constraints. The phase field method is used for modeling crack propagation, thereby eliminating the need of an explicit representation of the crack surface and complex tracking procedures, while a delicate mesh is still required. With this approach, the external work required during the fracture process is maximized, and the crack growth is delayed remarkably. Several representative examples are demonstrated to verify the effectiveness of the present approach in fracture-resistance-enhanced topology optimization, and the computational cost shows remarkable improvement.

An improved peridynamics topology optimization formulation for compliance minimization

This work proposes an improved peridynamics density-based topology optimization framework for compliance minimization. One of the main advantages of using a peridynamics discretization relies in the fact that it provides a consistent regularization of classical continuum mechanics into a nonlocal continuum, thus containing an inherent length scale called the horizon. Furthermore, this reformulation allows for discontinuities and is highly suitable for treating fracture and crack propagation. Partial differential equations are rewritten as integrodifferential equations and its numerical implementation can be straightforwardly done using meshfree collocation, inheriting its advantages. In the optimization formulation, Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) is used as interpolation for the design variables. To improve the peridynamic formulation and to evaluate the objective function in a energetically consistent manner, surface correction is implemented. Moreover, a detailed sensitivity analysis reveals an analytical expression for the objective function derivatives, different from an expression commonly used in the literature, providing an important basis for gradient-based topology optimization with peridynamics. The proposed implementation is studied with two examples illustrating different characteristics of this framework. The analytical expression for the sensitivities is validated against a reference solution, providing an improvement over the referred expression in the literature. Also, the effect of using the surface correction is evidenced. An extensive analysis of the horizon size and sensitivity filter radius indicates that the current method is mesh-independent, i.e. a sensitivity filter is redundant since peridynamics intrinsically filters length scales with the horizon. Different optimization methods are also tested for uncracked and cracked structures, demonstrating the capabilities and robustness of the proposed framework.

Study of KOH-activated hydrochar for CO2 adsorption

The use of solid porous materials for CO2 capture is a more environmentally benign approach than conventional wet scrubbing using amine-based solutions. Therefore, in this study, porous carbon materials were prepared using sawdust through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) to produce hydrochar, followed by KOH activation. The results showed that KOH-activated hydrochar had a specific surface area of 646–1195 m2/g, and a micropore area of 547–1059 m2/g, indicating a microporous structure was developed. The highest CO2 adsorption capacity at tested adsorption temperatures was achieved from activated hydrochar obtained at 750 °C (40 °C: 0.95 mmolCO2/gsample; 75 °C: 0.80 mmolCO2/gsample), which is higher than pristine hydrochar (40 °C: 0.05 mmolCO2/gsample; 75 °C: 0.04 mmolCO2/gsample). Physisorption through pore diffusion and surface coverage and chemisorption involving formation of covalent bonds between adsorbent’s surface functionality and CO2 both contributed to CO2 adsorption. Importantly, the presence of N-containing chemicals, particularly the presence of N-containing functional groups on the surface, played an important role in CO2 adsorption capacity. Based on the current results and relevant literature, the development of ultra-micropore and the introduction of more N-containing functional groups to the surface would be the research focuses to further increase the CO2 adsorption capacity.

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Composite Used as Transducer Medias in Nitrate Ion-Selective Electrodes

To improve the performance of nitrate solid contact ion-selective electrodes, their design was modified with a composite material consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and copper oxide nanoparticles. The nanocomposite was used in the electrodes as a component of the ion-sensitive membrane (GCE/NC+ISM) and as a solid contact material applied by drop casting (GCE/NC/ISM). A series of comparative studies were conducted to determine which type of modification more favorably affected the performance of each electrode. A classical glassy carbon electrode with a membrane without a nanocomposite was used as a control electrode. The best electrode turned out to be the one in which transducer media in the form of a composite was implemented into the membrane. For the GCE/NC+ISM electrode, the highest sensitivity of 60.41 mV/decade, the lowest detection limit of 5.13 × 10−7 M, and the widest linearity range of 1 × 10−6–1 × 10−1 M were obtained. The presence of the nanocomposite in the membrane contributed to a significant improvement in electrical performance relative to the unmodified electrode, which in turn resulted in obtaining good potential reversibility and low potential drift—0.085 μV s−1. The prepared electrode was used to determine the concentration of nitrates in environmental water samples.

Analyzing multispectral emission and synchrotron data to evaluate the quality of laser welds on copper

The validation of laser welding of metallic materials is challenging due to its highly dynamic processes and limited accessibility to the weld. The measurement of process emissions and the processing laser beam are one way to record highly dynamic process phenomena. However, these recordings always take place via the surface of the weld. Phenomena on the inside are only implicitly recognizable in the data and require further processing. To increase the validity of the diagnostic process, the multispectral emission data are synchronized with synchrotron data consisting of in situ high-speed images based on phase contrast videography. The welding process is transilluminated by synchrotron radiation and recorded during execution, providing clear contrasts between solid, liquid, and gaseous material phases. Thus, dynamics of the vapor capillary and the formation of defects such as pores can be recorded with high spatial and temporal resolution of &amp;lt;5 μm and &amp;gt;5 kHz. In this paper, laser welding of copper Cu-ETP and CuSn6 is investigated at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY). The synchronization is achieved by leveraging a three-stage deep learning approach. A preprocessing Mask-R-CNN, dimensionality reduction PCA/Autoencoders, and a final LSTM/Transformer stage provide end-to-end defect detection capabilities. Integrated gradients allow for the extraction of correlations between defects and emission data. The novel approach of correlating image and sensor data increases the informative value of the sensor data. It aims to characterize welds based on the sensor data not only according to IO/NIO but also to provide a quantitative description of the defects in the weld.

Three-dimensional surface analysis of iron-based materials using synchrotron Mössbauer source

A novel three-dimensional surface analysis system for iron-based solid materials has been developed. This system is composed of a synchrotron Mössbauer source, an X-ray focusing device, a precision stage, a gas flow proportional counter for conversion electron measurements, and multiple multichannel scalers. The performance was evidenced by determining the spatial distribution of the iron oxide abundance on a laser-ablated iron foil surface. This system can be widely utilized as a powerful analytical tool in steel science for corrosion, welding, and laser surface modification.

Evaluating impedance boundary conditions to model interfacial dynamics in acoustofluidics

We present a numerical study to investigate the efficacy of impedance boundary conditions in capturing the interfacial dynamics of a particle subjected to an acoustic field and study the concomitant time-averaged acoustic streaming and radiation force fields. While impedance boundary conditions have been utilized to represent fluid–solid interface in acoustofluidics, such models assume the solid material to be locally reactive to the acoustic waves. However, there is a limited understanding of when this assumption holds true, raising concerns about the suitability of impedance boundary conditions. Here, we systematically investigate the applicability of impedance boundary conditions by comparing the predictions of an impedance boundary approach against a fully coupled fluid–solid model. We contrast the oscillation profiles of the fluid–solid interface predicted by the two models. We consider different scatterer materials to identify the extent to which the differences in interfacial dynamics impact the time-averaged fields and highlight the divergence within the predictions of the two models. Our findings indicate that, although impedance boundary conditions can yield qualitatively similar results to the full model in certain situations, the predictions from the two models generally differ both qualitatively and quantitatively. These results underscore the importance of exercising caution when applying these boundary conditions to model general acoustofluidic systems.

A large deformation viscoelasticity theory for elastomeric materials and its numerical implementation in the open-source finite element program FEniCSx

Elastomeric solid materials typically exhibit a pronounced viscoelastic response. In this paper we consider a large deformation viscoelasticity theory for isotropic elastomeric materials which uses a multi-branch multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. We then describe the numerical implementation of the theory in the open-source finite element program FEniCSx. Several example simulations which demonstrate the capability of the theory and its numerical implementation to model stress-relaxation, creep, stretch-rate sensitivity, hysteresis, damped inertial oscillations, and dynamic column buckling are shown. The source codes for these simulations are provided. The theory and the codes presented in this paper lay the foundation for future extensions of the theory and its numerical implementation to include the effects of coupling with thermal, electrical, and magnetic fields — extensions which are of central importance in modeling the response of soft-active materials.