Solid Mass Research Articles

Development of halochromic labels based on binary systems of cationic guar gum and κ-carrageenan loaded with alizarin red S for monitoring milk and seafood freshness

Monitoring of food quality, in particular, high-protein food quality, is an important component in ensuring food safety and human health. In this research, a feasible and easy solution casting and solvent evaporation strategy was adapted to fabricate alizarin red S (ARS)-loaded halochromic cationic guar gum (CGG) and κ-carrageenan (CAR) blend packaging labels to improve its good physical strength, multifunctional acid–base responsive characteristics, and water barrier properties. The findings indicated that incorporating CAR at 40% polymer solid mass achieved higher tensile strength (21.0 ± 1.77 MPa), water resistance (29.92 ± 6.61% solubility), and thermal stability, which can be attributed to good compatibility between CGG and CAR. The results obtained from FT-IR, XRD, and SEM analyses demonstrate that the incorporation of ARS exhibits non-covalent bonding with the polymer blend matrix through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding, thus reducing its crystallinity and restructuring the CGG-CAR matrix disorderly. The prepared indicating label films presented visual recognition of ammonia and trimethylamine (TMA-N) at 0.008 mM in 6 min (the total color difference (ΔE) for TMA-N is＞11.89), and can be reused at least six times. Moreover, the color of ARS at different pH values remains persistent for at least 180 days. The practical applications show that the films, as indicator labels, can realize real-time, accurate, and visual dynamic monitoring of seafood (shrimp) and milk by engendering three chromatic stages discernible by the naked eye (fresh, spoiling, and spoiled). The ΔE for monitoring sub-fresh milk and shrimp reached as high as 14.91 and 13.32, respectively.

Research on the generalization issue of the heterogeneous QC-EMMS drag model for gas-solid fluidization

In the circulating fluidized bed (CFB), the non-uniform mesoscale structure formed by the particle clustering effect causes a substantial decrease in the gas-solid drag. Since the degree of particle clustering varies with operating conditions, an accurate drag model needs to be universal in different heterogeneous flow conditions. In this study, the relationships between the Ψ factor in clusters' solid holdup model that characterizes the flow non-uniformity and the operating parameters of CFB (including slip velocity Reynolds number, Re*, bed-averaged solid volume fraction, εs,bed, and solid mass circulation rate, Gs) are established. It improves the adaptability of the QC-EMMS drag model under different working conditions. In previous research, we established two types of models that related Ψ factor to Re* and εs,bed respectively. However, there exists a problem of high dispersion of points, indicating that the selected parameters cannot fully describe the flow non-uniformity. Therefore, Gs is reintroduced to modify the two types of models. The results show that the prediction accuracy of the modified models is improved and the relative error is <10%, indicating that the non-uniform factor Ψ has a strong correlation with Gs. In addition, the quantitative relation between Re*, εs,bed, and Gs is derived from modified models, and the trend of relation is highly consistent with the fluidization diagram proposed by Yerushalmi J., which verifies the accuracy of modified models. Finally, numerical simulation of typical CFB cases proves the adaptability of the modified models in wide operating conditions of fluidization.

Fibroepithelial Neoplasm with Hybrid Features of Benign Phyllodes Tumor, Juvenile Papillomatosis, and Juvenile Fibroadenoma: A Case Report.

Phyllodes tumor is an uncommon breast fibroepithelial neoplasm mainly found in middle-aged patients, presenting a morphologic continuum from benign to malignant. Juvenile papillomatosis represents a rare benign proliferative breast tumor primarily affecting young individuals and carries a potential elevated risk of subsequent breast cancer development. Juvenile fibroadenoma is a well-circumscribed biphasic neoplasm that often occurs in adolescent girls, characterized by a pericanalicular growth pattern with usual-type epithelial hyperplasia and gynaecomastia-like micropapillary proliferation. Herein, we present an unusual example of a 26-year-old woman with a left breast outer lower quadrant palpable mass. Ultrasonography identified a 5.9 cm lobulated hypoechoic solid mass with scattered small cysts. The preoperative biopsy initially diagnosed a fibroepithelial lesion, considering giant cellular fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor in the differential. Subsequent complete excision revealed areas of benign phyllodes tumor features closely admixed with distinctive elements such as prominent multiple cysts exhibiting apocrine and papillary apocrine metaplasia, duct papillomatosis, and duct stasis characteristic of juvenile papillomatosis, and hyperplastic ductal epithelium with micropapillary projections demonstrating a pericanalicular growth pattern indicative of juvenile fibroadenoma. The diagnosis was conclusively established as a fibroepithelial lesion with combined features of benign phyllodes tumor, juvenile papillomatosis, and juvenile fibroadenoma. Further investigation uncovered a family history of breast cancer. Molecular analysis revealed a pattern of unique and overlapping mutations within these distinct histopathological areas. This unusual presentation with hybrid features within a single tumor is described for the first time in the literature along with the molecular signature of the individual components.

Spheres and fibers in turbulent flows at various Reynolds numbers

We perform fully coupled numerical simulations using immersed boundary methods of finite-size spheres and fibers suspended in a turbulent flow for a range of Taylor-Reynolds numbers 12.8&lt;Reλ&lt;442 and solid mass fractions 0≤M≤1. Both spheres and fibers reduce the turbulence intensity with respect to the single-phase flow at all Reynolds numbers, with fibers causing a more significant reduction than the spheres. The particles' effect on the anomalous dissipation tends to vanish as Re→∞. A scale-by-scale analysis shows that both particle shapes provide a “spectral shortcut” to the flow, but the shortcut extends further into the dissipative range in the case of fibers. Multifractal spectra of the near-particle dissipation show that spheres enhance dissipation in two-dimensional sheets, and fibers enhance the dissipation in structures with a dimension greater than one and less than two. In addition, we show that spheres suppress vortical flow structures, whereas fibers produce structures which completely overcome the turbulent vortex stretching behavior in their vicinity. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

An explainable machine learning model to solid adnexal masses diagnosis based on clinical data and qualitative ultrasound indicators.

Accurate characterization of newly diagnosed a solid adnexal lesion is a key step in defining the most appropriate therapeutic approach. Despite guidance from the International Ovarian Tumor Analyzes Panel, the evaluation of these lesions can be challenging. Recent studies have demonstrated how machine learning techniques can be applied to clinical data to solve this diagnostic problem. However, ML models can often consider as black-boxes due to the difficulty of understanding the decision-making process used by the algorithm to obtain a specific result. For this purpose, we propose an Explainable Artificial Intelligence model trained on clinical characteristics and qualitative ultrasound indicators to predict solid adnexal masses diagnosis. Since the diagnostic task was a three-class problem (benign tumor, invasive cancer, or ovarian metastasis), we proposed a waterfall classification model: a first model was trained and validated to discriminate benign versus malignant, a second model was trained to distinguish nonmetastatic versus metastatic malignant lesion which occurs when a patient is predicted to be malignant by the first model. Firstly, a stepwise feature selection procedure was implemented. The classification performances were validated on Leave One Out scheme. The accuracy of the three-class model reaches an overall accuracy of 86.36%, and the precision per-class of the benign, nonmetastatic malignant, and metastatic malignant classes were 86.96%, 87.27%, and 77.78%, respectively. SHapley Additive exPlanations were performed to visually show how the machine learning model made a specific decision. For each patient, the SHAP values expressed how each characteristic contributed to the classification result. Such information represents an added value for the clinical usability of a diagnostic system. This is the first work that attempts to design an explainable machine-learning tool for the histological diagnosis of solid masses of the ovary.

Characteristics of atypical Pulmonary Tuberculosis without typical clinical features diagnosed by pathology

PurposeSome patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) do not display typical clinical features, leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment. MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed PTB patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between 2017 and 2020. They are divided into pathological group (diagnosed through pathological biopsy) and control group (diagnosed via sputum or lavage fluid). Clinical data of both groups were compared. Based on radiographic features, the pathological group was further divided into the inflammation group, peripheral nodule group, and central occupancy group. We then statistically analyzed the computed tomography (CT) signs, bronchoscopic manifestations and results of pathological biopsy for each subgroup. ResultsThe pathological group consisted of 75 patients, while the control group had 338 patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the pathological group had more diabetes (OR = 3.266, 95% CI = 1.609–6.630, P = 0.001), lower ESR (OR = 0.984, 95% CI = 0.971–0.998, P = 0.022), and lower CRP (OR = 0.990, 95% CI = 0.980–0.999, P = 0.036). In the three subgroups, the exudative lesions in the inflammation group were mostly located in atypical areas of PTB. The lobulation sign and spiculation sign were frequently observed in the peripheral nodule group. All presented with significant hilar mediastinal lymphadenopathy in the central occupancy group. In the pathological group, bronchoscopic manifestations typically included mucosal edema and bronchial stenosis. ConclusionDiabetes is an independent risk factor for atypical PTB. Expression of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in atypical PTB is low. Radiologically, it is most easily misdiagnosed when presented as peripheral solid nodules or masses, so a biopsy is recommended.

Imaging the Male Breast: Gynecomastia, Male Breast Cancer, and Beyond.

The number of men undergoing breast imaging has increased in recent years, according to some reports. Most male breast concerns are related to benign causes, most commonly gynecomastia. The range of abnormalities typically encountered in the male breast is less broad than that encountered in women, given that lobule formation rarely occurs in men. Other benign causes of male breast palpable abnormalities with characteristic imaging findings include lipomas, sebaceous or epidermal inclusion cysts, and intramammary lymph nodes. Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare, representing up to 1% of breast cancer cases, but some data indicate that its incidence is increasing. MBC demonstrates some clinical features that overlap with those of gynecomastia, including a propensity for the subareolar breast. Men with breast cancer tend to present at a later stage than do women. MBC typically has similar imaging features to those of female breast cancer, often characterized by an irregular mass that may have associated calcifications. Occasionally, however, MBC has a benign-appearing imaging phenotype, with an oval shape and circumscribed margins, and therefore most solid breast masses in men require tissue diagnosis. Histopathologic evaluation may alternatively reveal other benign breast masses found in men, including papillomas, myofibroblastomas, and hemangiomas. Radiologists must be familiar with the breadth of male breast abnormalities to meet the rising challenge of caring for these patients. ©RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article.

528P Comparison of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition for solid liver masses: Menghini needle with a lateral reverse bevel vs. Franseen needle

528P Comparison of endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition for solid liver masses: Menghini needle with a lateral reverse bevel vs. Franseen needle

Effect of combination of genomic variation–based machine learning and clinical pathology on accurate diagnosis of tumors: Lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma.

11174 Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent form of lung cancer, with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) being the predominant subtypes. Given the significant differences in treatment approaches and clinical outcomes between LUAD and LUSC, accurate identification of these pathological subtypes prior to treatment initiation is crucial. Methods: This study aimed to enhance the diagnostic accuracy for LUAD and LUSC by integrating a machine learning artificial intelligence (AI) model with the expertise of pathologists. The AI model was trained and validated on a cohort of 10,693 and 5,571 cases from the OrigiMed database, each confirmed by at least three pathologists. Targeted sequencing of 450 cancer-related genes was performed. Results: Analysis of the validation set demonstrated an overall accuracy of 89.2% across 28 tumor types, with individual accuracies ranging from 22.2% to 100%. For the top one prediction, the AI model achieved an accuracy of 82.7% for LUAD and 67.9% for LUSC. However, when considering the top three predictions, the accuracy significantly increased to 92.1% for LUAD and 93.0% for LUSC. To further validate the diagnostic capability of the AI model, a large sample of 4,531 LUAD cases and 207 LUSC cases from 4,502 patients was collected for comparative analysis with pathologists' diagnoses. The results indicated that 87.9% of LUAD cases and 83.6% of LUSC cases were consistent with the AI model's diagnosis, while 4.9% of LUAD and 9.7% of LUSC cases showed discrepancies. To investigate these inconsistencies, a subset of 30 LUAD cases and 16 LUSC cases was selected for re-evaluation by independent pathologists. Four poorly differentiated cases from the discrepancy group were ultimately diagnosed as 2 LUADs and 2 LUSCs, supporting the initial AI diagnosis. For instance, Patient 40 was initially diagnosed with LUSC; however, the AI system identified the pathology as LUAD, which may be attributed to the detection of the KIF5B-RET fusion. This diagnosis was subsequently corroborated by an additional pathologist who observed gland-like structures and ambiguous solid mass formations within the tumor tissue, consistent with LUAD histopathology. Conclusions: In summary, we have presented a machine learning AI model that leverages next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology for the auxiliary diagnosis of cancer. By applying this AI model to diagnose LUAD and LUSC and comparing it with the diagnoses made by human pathologists, we have demonstrated that the integration of pathological diagnosis and AI machine learning can significantly enhance and even surpass the diagnostic capabilities of human physicians. This advancement holds great potential in improving the accuracy of tumor diagnosis and the precision of treatment.

Visualization of Pancreatic Tail Cancer with Liver Metastasis through Abdominal Transsplenic Scan

Pancreatic cancer typically presents as a focal hypoechoic, hypovascular solid mass with irregular margins on ultrasound. Pancreatic tail disease can be difficult to detect on abdominal ultrasonography. A 75-year-old man visited our institution with upper abdominal pain. We successfully visualized a pancreatic tail mass on abdominal transsplenic scan and multiple liver masses via abdominal transverse scan. His diagnosis was confirmed as pancreatic tail cancer with liver metastasis following endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy. Abdominal transsplenic scan proved valuable for diagnosing pancreatic tail disease because abdominal ultrasound has limited utility for evaluating pancreatic tail masses due to obscuration by bowel gas.

Sacrococcygeal Tumor – A Rare Case Report

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is a rare congenital tumor primarily affecting infants, with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 35,000 live births. These tumors, often detected either prenatally or shortly after birth, originate from germ cells and typically occur at the base of the coccyx. Despite their benign nature, SCTs can pose significant risks to fetal and maternal health, necessitating careful management and monitoring. A 32-year-old primiparous woman presented to Siak Regional Hospital at 36 weeks of gestation with complaints of uterine contractions and bloody mucus discharge from the birth canal. A physical examination revealed a palpable mass in the uterine fundus and pubic symphysis. Ultrasonography confirmed the presence of a fetal SCT with a solid mass measuring 6.2 x 8.1 x 7.3 cm in the sacral region, and a cesarean section was performed. The infant, a baby girl, was born with a birth weight of 2150 grams and an Apgar score of 3/4. Congenital abnormalities were observed in the form of a solid mass around the sacrum, indicative of SCT. SCT poses challenges in prenatal diagnosis, management, and prognosis. Prompt recognition and multidisciplinary management are essential for optimizing outcomes. Further research is needed to enhance understanding and improve therapeutic strategies for this rare congenital anomaly. SCT is a rare congenital anomaly that requires early diagnosis. Thorough examination with ultrasonography is essential to rule out other congenital anomaly, and predict prognosis.

Shear wave elastography for solid breast masses evaluation: Quantitative measurement of mean elasticity value and elasticity ratio

PurposeShear wave elastography (SWE), an ultrasonographic technique to measure the elasticity of mass lesions to evaluate breast mass. This study aimed to find out the cutoff values identifying breast malignancy using the mean elasticity (E-mean) and elasticity ratio (E-ratio) of breast masses. MethodsThis retrospective study included women underwent SWE and US-guided biopsy of breast masses. During conventional US, the SWE mode was also performed, determining elasticity measurements, E-mean and E-ratio. Histopathological reports were obtained to identify mass status. The optimal and alternative cutoff values for E-mean and E-ratio to determine malignancy were assessed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Youden’s index score. ResultsAmong 147 benign and 93 malignant masses, the median of E-means were 26.20 (IQR 15.70–56.60) and 141.60 (IQR 119.80–154.60) kPa and the median E-ratios were 3.11 (IQR 1.83–5.23) and 9.24 (IQR 6.76–12.44), respectively. Using Youden’s index, the optimal cutoff values for E-mean and E-ratio were 90.35 and 5.89, with sensitivity of 87.1 % and 82.8 %, specificity of 89.1 % and 83.7 %, positive predictive value (PPV) of 83.5 % and 76.2 %, negative predictive value (NPV) of 91.6 % and 88.5 %, positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 8.00 and 5.07, and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) of 0.14 and 0.21, respectively. ConclusionThis study revealed that SWE is useful in predicting malignancy. With the optimal cutoff values of E-mean and E-ratio at 90.35 kPa and 5.89, the sensitivity was nearly 90 % with E-mean and slightly over 80 % with E-ratio, respectively. These findings could be used in conjunction with conventional US.

Imaging classification of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with histological large duct pattern.

To investigate the imaging features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) with histological large duct pattern. Our study included 37 patients (mean age, 66.5 years; 22 women) with surgically proven PDAC with histological large duct pattern, whose imaging features were classified into four types: Type I, solid mass; Type II, predominantly cystic mass with intracystic solid components; Type III, predominantly solid mass with intratumoral cysts; and Type IV, solid mass with peritumoral retention cysts or pseudocysts. Two radiologists independently analyzed both CT and MRI images for the morphological type, presence of abrupt main pancreatic duct (MPD) cutoff, adjacent vascular invasion, diffusion restriction, and reached consensus. On CT, 26 patients (70.3%) had Type I tumors, five (13.5%) had Type II, three (8.1%) had Type III, and three (8.1%) had Type IV. Among the 26 patients with Type I tumors on CT, 16 had tumors with multiple intratumoral cysts within the solid mass on MRI and were subsequently classified as Type III. Accordingly, 10 patients (27.0%) were classified as Type I, five (13.5%) as Type II, 19 (51.7%) as Type III, and three (8.1%) as Type IV on MRI. Of the 37 patients, 27 (73.0%) had an abrupt MPD cutoff, 15 (40.5%) had adjacent vascular invasion, and 25 (67.6%) had diffusion restriction on MRI. Predominantly solid pancreatic masses with small intratumoral cysts visualized on MRI may be a characteristic imaging finding of PDAC with histological large duct pattern, and differentiate it from conventional PDAC or other cystic pancreatic tumors. Radiologists should be familiar with the various imaging features of PDAC with histological large duct pattern and should be aware that it may mimic other solid or cystic tumors of the pancreas. Imaging features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with histological large duct pattern can be classified into four types. This pathology more frequently appears as a predominantly solid masswith intratumoral cysts on MRI than on CT. Adding MRI to CT may help identify pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with histological large duct pattern.

Inguinal hernia coexisting with spermatic cord leiomyoma

Leiomyomas primarily occur in the uterus, small bowel, and esophagus, with occasional instances found in the genitourinary system-bladder, epididymis, prostate, testis, and penis. Among these, scrotal leiomyomas, belonging to genital leiomyomas, present as solitary growths within scrotal structures, displaying gradual growth. Specifically, spermatic cord leiomyoma is exceptionally rare, with limited cases since the 1950s. A 63-year-old male exhibited persistent left groin pain and swelling, initially suggesting a hernia. Examination revealed an inguinal hernia and a palpable, mobile 3 cm solid mass. Ultrasonography identified a well-defined solid hypoechoic lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) displayed a 37x24 mm ovoid lesion, hinting at its origin from the spermatic cord. Surgical intervention involved hernia repair and mass excision, confirming leiomyoma via histopathology. Spermatic cord leiomyomas, rare and hernia-mimicking, highlight the crucial role of MRI in accurate preoperative diagnosis, emphasizing the need to consider leiomyoma in inguinal mass differentials.

Yeasts volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as potential growth enhancers and molds biocontrol agents of mushrooms mycelia

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by yeasts can positively affect crops, acting as antifungals or biostimulants. In this study, Aureobasidium pullulans and Metschnikowia pulcherrima were evaluated as potential antagonists of Trichoderma spp., common fungal pathogen in mushroom cultivation. To assess the biocontrol ability and biostimulant properties of the selected yeast species, in vitro co-culture and VOCs exposure assays were conducted. In both assays, VOCs produced by Aureobasidium spp. showed the stronger antifungal activity with a growth inhibition up to 30 %. This result was further confirmed by the higher volatilome alcohol content revealed by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography mass spectrometry (SPME/GC–MS). Overall, Aureobasidium strains can be potentially used as biocontrol agent in Pleorotus ostreatus and Cyclocybe cylindracea mycelial growth, without affecting their development as demonstrated by VOCs exposure assay and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Conversely, M. pulcherrima was characterized by a lower or absent antifungal properties and by a volatilome composition rich in isobutyl acetate, an ester often recognized as plant growth promoter. As confirmed by FT-IR, Lentinula mycelia exposed to M. pulcherrima VOCs showed a higher content of proteins and lipids, suggesting an improvement of some biochemical properties. Our study emphasizes that VOCs produced by specific yeast strains are potentially powerful alternative to synthetic fungicide in the vegetative growth of mushroom-forming fungi and also able to modify their biochemical composition.

Case Report: A rare case of Intracranial tuberculous granuloma (tuberculoma) in a 19-year -old male

A tuberculoma is a clinical sign of tuberculosis that combines tubercles into a solid mass and can resemble several forms of malignant tumors on imaging. They frequently develop in people whose original tuberculosis infection is not well controlled. When they develop intracranially, tuberculomas are symptoms of CNS tuberculosis Meningitis, radiculomyelitis, bony spinal disease, and tuberculoma/tuberculous abscess are some of the symptoms of neurological tuberculosis (TB) that can also arise intracranially or in the spinal canal. comparable to other neurological TB symptoms. The majority of the time, the diagnosis of cerebral tuberculoma is presumptive and is based on radiological findings, additional supportive TB evidence from other areas, and treatment response. However, despite adequate TB treatment and concomitant corticosteroid therapy, lesions may persist for many years, as the therapeutic response of tuberculomas is unpredictable. A 19-year-old male patient admitted to the hospital for medical treatment complained of abdominal pain, constipation, nausea and vomiting, generalized weakness, fever, and chills. According to the patient’s complaints, my patient has a history of tonic-clonic seizures dating back a month, as well as a history of typhoid fever and sickle cell disease AS pattern, both of which he had been receiving treatment at a civil hospital. At the time of admission, he had undergone a number of invasive and non-invasive investigations, including a CT brain plane and an MRI brain with contrast. Brain computed tomography (CT) revealed a persistent lacunar infarct in the left corona radiata. Acute infarct in the right corona radiata, abnormal meningeal enhancement on post-contrast with meningitis, multiple ring-enhancing lesions in the bilateral cerebral hemisphere, cerebellum, corpus callosum, and intracranial tuberculous granuloma are all revealed by MRI with contrast. left corona radiata chronic infarction.

Mullerianosis of the urinary bladder: A great mimicker

Mullerianosis is a rare benign lesion consisting of an admixture of two or more of the following tissues: endometriosis, endocervicosis, and endosalpingiosis. It most commonly affects the urinary bladder and females of reproductive age group. Müllerianosis of the bladder is an extremely rare entity with fewer than 30 cases reported. Herein we report one such rare case of mullerianosis of the urinary bladder in a 33-year-old female who had undergone cesarian section 2 years back, presented with painless hematuria associated with menstruation. USG revealed a soft tissue lesion measuring 23×11 mm abutting the wall of the urinary bladder and extending into it. These findings were suspicious for endometriosis. The patient was admitted to the hospital for transurethral resection of a bladder lesion (TURBT). Operative findings revealed a solid 2x2 cm mass in the posterior wall of the urinary bladder. Superficial and deep TURBT chips were sent for histopathological examination. On microscopic examination, there were variable-sized glands lined by endometrial, endocervical, or tubal epithelium embedded in the bladder wall. The case was diagnosed as mullerianosis of the urinary bladder. As this rare entity, since it mimics benign and malignant neoplasms clinically and radiologically, pathologists should be aware of this rare entity to avoid misdiagnosis, which has great therapeutic implications for the patient.

Comprehensive analysis of the dynamic changes of volatile and non-volatile metabolites in boletus edulis during processing by HS-SPME-GC–MS and UPLC-MS/MS analysis

In order to investigate the dynamic changes of flavor compounds, Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) combined with Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC–MS) was used to detect the metabolites in different drying processes. A total of 80 volatile compounds and 1319 non-volatile compounds were identified. The trend in the changes of C-8 compounds and sulfur-containing compounds were generally consistent with the trend of key enzyme activities. 479 differential metabolites were identified and revealed that metabolic profiles of compounds in Boletus edulis were altered with increased organic acids and derivatives and lipids and lipid-like molecules. Fatty acids and amino acids were transformed into volatile compounds under the action of enzymes, which played a significant role in the formation of the distinctive flavor of Boletus edulis. Our study provided a theoretical support for fully comprehending the formation mechanism of flavor from Boletus edulis during drying processes.

Comparison of EUS-FNA and EUS-FNB for diagnosis of solid pancreatic mass lesions: a meta-analysis of prospective studies

Objective: To quantitatively compare the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) in solid pancreatic mass lesions using a systematic evaluation method.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on public databases to include studies comparing the diagnostic value of EUS-FNA and EUS-FNB in solid pancreatic mass lesions. The combined effect size was estimated using mean difference (MD) and risk difference (RD) respectively, and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated.Results: The 12 articles (7 RCTs and 5 cohort studies) met the inclusion criteria of this study. The meta-analysis showed that compared with EUS-FNB, EUS-FNA had lower diagnostic accuracy (RD: −0.08, 95% CI: −0.15, −0.01) and specimen adequacy (RD: −0.08, 95% CI: −0.15, −0.02), while higher required number of needle passes (MD: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.73). However, EUS-FNB and EUS-FNA presented similar overall complications (RD: 0.00, 95% CI: −0.01, 0.02) and technical failures (RD: −0.01, 95% CI: −0.02, 0.00), without statistically significant differences.Conclusions: Compared with EUS-FNA, EUS-FNB seems to be a better choice for diagnosing suspected pancreatic lesions.

Update on Renal Cell Carcinoma Diagnosis with Novel Imaging Approaches.

This review highlights recent advances in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) imaging. It begins with dual-energy computed tomography (DECT), which has demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy in the evaluation of renal masses. Several studies have suggested the potential benefits of iodine quantification, particularly for distinguishing low-attenuation, true enhancing solid masses from hyperdense cysts. By determining whether or not a renal mass is present, DECT could avoid the need for additional imaging studies, thereby reducing healthcare costs. DECT can also provide virtual unenhanced images, helping to reduce radiation exposure. The review then provides an update focusing on the advantages of multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging performance in the histological subtyping of RCC and in the differentiation of benign from malignant renal masses. A proposed standardized stepwise reading of images helps to identify clear cell RCC and papillary RCC with a high accuracy. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound may represent a promising diagnostic tool for the characterization of solid and cystic renal masses. Several combined pharmaceutical imaging strategies using both sestamibi and PSMA offer new opportunities in the diagnosis and staging of RCC, but their role in risk stratification needs to be evaluated. Although radiomics and tumor texture analysis are hampered by poor reproducibility and need standardization, they show promise in identifying new biomarkers for predicting tumor histology, clinical outcomes, overall survival, and the response to therapy. They have a wide range of potential applications but are still in the research phase. Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown encouraging results in tumor classification, grade, and prognosis. It is expected to play an important role in assessing the treatment response and advancing personalized medicine. The review then focuses on recently updated algorithms and guidelines. The Bosniak classification version 2019 incorporates MRI, precisely defines previously vague imaging terms, and allows a greater proportion of masses to be placed in lower-risk classes. Recent studies have reported an improved specificity of the higher-risk categories and better inter-reader agreement. The clear cell likelihood score, which adds standardization to the characterization of solid renal masses on MRI, has been validated in recent studies with high interobserver agreement. Finally, the review discusses the key imaging implications of the 2017 AUA guidelines for renal masses and localized renal cancer.