Solid Areas Research Articles

Experimental study on engineering mechanical properties of loess-like backfill under various conditions

Aiming at the loess-like backfill soil in the Lanzhou area, the samples with different compaction coefficients and different moisture content were prepared in the laboratory and tested by a double-line method. In the analysis of compression deformation, the pore ratio change rate is introduced, and the interval with the pore ratio change rate less than 10% is defined as the corresponding insignificant compression area. The corresponding compaction coefficient and water content of this area are summarized. The critical compaction coefficient is introduced in the analysis of collapsible deformation, according to which the subdivision is carried out, and the corresponding compaction coefficient and water content of the non-collapsible area are summarized. According to the variation curves of the subsidence coefficient under different compaction coefficients, the deformation mechanism of backfill soil after flooding is discussed. It is divided into two areas: water-compression area (low-pressure solid area) and water-subsidence area (high-pressure solid area).

Hydrodynamic Analysis Inside a Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Based on Time Change Using CFD

The power generation industry has progressively improved the design of power plants to tackle global climate change. Coal-fired power plants will be cleaner and more efficient with the CFB (Circulating Fluidized Bed) technology in the boiler. CFB boilers have the advantage where the resulting carbon dioxide, SOx, and NOx emissions are significantly reduced. This makes research on CFB boilers widely carried out, especially those using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic). This study aims to determine the most appropriate turbulence model using CFD simulations on CFB boilers to analyze the hydrodynamic elements in the boiler against time changes, including the distribution of solid volume fractions, pressure, velocity, and wall shear stress. Three turbulence models were tested as part of the simulation: standard , RNG , and RSM, which were then compared to earlier research. The RNG model produces the closest result to the experimental data, with an error value of 6.24%. Solid volume fraction area is increasingly widespread with values ranging from 0.05 to 0.1 from the furnace’s bottom to a height of 15 m. The high-pressure area further expands at the bottom of the furnace to a height of 15 m, with values ​​ranging from 3 kPa to 10 kPa. The outlet line velocity has increased from 43 m/s to 50 m/s. The wall shear stress increases from 0.75 Pa to 1.1 Pa at the outlet wall.

Cystic Brain Lesion in A Child Most Likely Hydatid Cyst: The Computed Tomographic Findings and A Case Report

Hydatid disease of the brain is a very rare disease entity, and accounts for about 1-2% of all Echinococcus granulosis infections. This is a fifteen-year-old male child that presented from a peripheral health facility for an enhanced computed tomography of the brain on account of a six-month history of recurrent headaches, feeling of heaviness in the head and repeated convulsions. The enhanced computed tomography demonstrated a non-enhancing multiple cystic area with a central solid area with no surrounding edema but causing erosion, areas of irregularities and discontinuity of the adjacent skull vault. The CECT findings with the patient’s clinical history rose a suspicion of hydatid cyst of the brain, currently the patient is placed on medical treatment and been prepared for surgical excision of the cystic lesion.

Knowledge and practices of water and sanitation and prevention of water-borne diseases among the residents of Wabgaon village

Background: Globally 1.339 billion U-5s and 79 thousand neonates aged 0-27 days were estimated to be dead due to diarrhoea. India, Nigeria, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Ethiopia accounts for more than half of the deaths caused by diarrhoea. Our objectives are to understand the knowledge and practices of WASH, preventive and treatment measures of diarrheal diseases, the feeding practices and hygiene among the mothers in the rural village of Wardha district. Methods: This is a mixed method study with study participants including 72 families randomly selected along with the front-line workers. the descriptive analysis was carried out with the help of R software and other online statistical software. Results: 90.6 % had their source of water away from a contaminated place such as open drains, manure pits, solid waste disposal areas etc. Though 96.9% had toilets in their household only 93.8% actually used it. All of them washed their hands with soap after using the restroom. Mixed responses were obtained when people were asked about the line of action in case, they suffer from any of the acute diarrhoeal diseases. 90% of them prefer ORS during such times and the source of availing had mixed responses. Conclusions: An interventional study for the same can be carried out. Regular follow ups might assist in keeping the public free from such communicable discomforts.

Isolation and screening of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bags degrading bacteria from Addis Ababa municipal solid waste disposal site “Koshe”

PurposeThis study aims to screen bacterial isolates from the Addis Ababa municipal solid waste dumping site (Koshe) for the biodegradation of low-density polyethylene bags and analyzes their efficiency in degrading plastic bags.MethodsIn this study, low-density polyethylene bag-degrading bacteria were isolated from the Koshe municipal solid waste disposal area in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Screening of isolates for low-density polyethylene bag biodegradation was carried out using a clear zone method. Additionally, the efficiency of the isolates for low-density polyethylene biodegradation was evaluated using the weight loss method, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and Fourier transform infrared analysis. Finally, molecular identification of potential low-density polyethylene degrader bacterial isolates was done by 16S rDNA sequencing.ResultsIsolates KS35, KS14, and KS119 resulted in significant weight loss of low-density polyethylene film (42.87 ± 1.91%, 37.2 ± 3.06%, and 23.87 ± 0.11% weight loss, respectively). These isolates were selected for further biodegradation study using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared analysis. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows the formation of pores, pits, and distortion of the plastic surface. Fourier transform infrared analysis indicates the appearance of new peaks at the surface of low-density polyethylene films. Phylogenetic analysis of the three potential bacterial isolates was also carried out, and the result indicates that the sequence of isolate KS35 had 99% similarity with sequences of Methylobacterium radiotolerans MN525302. Isolate KS119 had 100% similarity with Methylobacterium fujisawaense KT720189, and the sequence of isolate KS14 had 99% similarity with species of Lysinibacillus fusiformis.ConclusionsWeight loss, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and Fourier transform infrared analysis results show that isolates KS35, KS14, and KS119 have high potential in degrading low-density polyethylene bags.

Differences in MRI findings of superficial spindle cell lipoma and atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of using MRI findings to differentiate superficial spindle cell lipomas (SCLs) from atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcomas (ALT/WDLs). This study included 12 patients with histopathologically proven superficial SCLs and 11 with ALT/WDLs. MRI findings for both pathologies were retrospectively reviewed and compared between the two pathologies. The neck, upper back, and shoulder regions were more frequent locations of SCLs than of ALT/WDLs (100% vs 55%, p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed in age and sex. The median maximum diameter of the lesion was smaller in SCLs than in ALT/WDLs (44 mm [interquartile range (IQR): 35-63] vs 102 mm [IQR: 86-119], p < 0.05). On T 1 weighted images, non-fatty area was more frequently observed in SCLs than in ALT/WDLs (73% vs 25%, p < 0.05), and the median rate of non-fatty area was larger in SCLs than in ALT/WDLs (7.5% [IQR: 1.0-53] vs 0% [IQR: 0-0.2], p < 0.05). On fat-suppressed T 2 weighted images, a solid hyperintense area was more frequently observed in SCLs than in ALT/WDLs (83% vs 27%, p < 0.05). The maximum diameter, non-fatty area on T 1 weighted images, and solid hyperintense area on fat-suppressed T 2 weighted images were useful imaging features for differentiating superficial SCLs from ALT/WDLs. In superficial lipomatous tumors, small tumor size and non-fatty solid area were valuable findings for diagnosing SCLs.

Abundance and cultivable bioaerosol transport from a municipal solid waste landfill area and its risks

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, constituting the third largest anthropogenic sources of bioaerosols, are suspected to be one of the major contributors to adverse health outcomes. A regional modeling of aerosol trajectories based on wind-tunnel observations and on-site monitoring was newly-developed to uncover the impacts of a typical MSW landfill on ambient bioaerosol pollution. Results showed that the horizontal diffusion velocity of bioaerosols reached 4.33 times higher than the vertical velocity under surface calm winds. On-site monitoring revealed that the concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of 10 μm were 3.05 times higher than those of PM1.0 in the 2.8-km downwind residential regions near the MSW landfill. With the increase in PM concentration, higher-abundance microorganisms were detected. A number of cultivable bacterial species (Micrococcus endophyticus, Micrococcus flavus, Bacillus sporothermodurans, Salmonella entericaserovar typhi, Rhodococcus hoagie, Blastococcups) and fungal species (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, Microascus cirrosus, Cochliobolus, Stemphylium vesicarium) were identified in these bioaerosols. Furthermore, distinguished by transmission electron microscopy, a longer-range transported microorganism (E. coli) clinging onto suspended PM was observed, signifying higher exposure risks. Human health risk assessments demonstrate that the residents and occupational workers in the vicinity of MSW landfill endured atmospheric diffusion-induced bioaerosol exposure risks due to open dumping activities in MSW landfill. This study clearly indicates bioaerosol pollution from landfills, and people particularly living nearby the MSW facilities, must decrease outdoor activities during dusty days.

EUS-guided through-the-needle microforceps biopsy for diagnosis of tubercular lymphadenitis mimicking pancreatic cystic lesion (with video).

A 40-year-old male presented with upper abdominal discomfort and ultrasound abdomen revealed a cystic lesion in the uncinate process. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a thick-walled cystic lesion measuring 4.2 cm in the uncinate process [Figure 1]. Positron emission computed tomography revealed flouro-deoxyglucose avidity in the wall of this cystic lesion [Figure 2]. EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy from the cystic lesion done elsewhere was inconclusive on two separate occasions. EUS done at our center revealed a complex cystic lesion posterior to the head of the pancreas and closely abutting the inferior vena cava with normal uncinate process [Figure 3; arrows]. Contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS using Sonovue (Bracco, Milan, Italy) at low mechanical index of 0.12 revealed nonhomogenous enhancement of the cystic lesion with solid areas showing enhancement [arrows; Figure 4] and anechoic areas not enhancing. EUS-guided fine-needle biopsy form the solid as well as liquid areas was inconclusive and revealed necrosis only. Thereafter, tissue sampling was done from the solid area of the lesion under EUS guidance using through the needle forceps device (Moray Micro Forceps, US Endoscopy, United States) [Figure 5 and Video 1]. To improve the visualization of opening of forceps in the lesion, biopsy was performed using both B mode and harmonic EUS [Video 1]. The use of harmonic EUS led on to better visualization of the tip of Microforceps. Two passes were taken and crush smear was prepared with one specimen and the other specimen was sent in formalin vial. The cytopathological examination revealed lymphoid tissue with the presence of loose collection of epitheloid cells and necrosis [Figure 6]. No acid fast bacilli could be detected. The rapid nucleic acid amplification test (Xpert MTB/RIF; Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) performed on the aspirated specimen was negative. The Mantoux test was positive (induration of 16 mm), C-reactive protein was elevated (16 mg/L), and the patient was started on anti-tubercular therapy (ATT). The patient responded to ATT and the abdominal discomfort subsided after 1 month of initiating ATT. Serum CRP normalized at 2 months and ultrasound of the abdomen done three months after initiation of ATT revealed reduction in size of the lesion (2.3 cm).Figure 1: Contrast enhanced computed tomography: thick walled cystic lesion in the uncinate process of pancreasFigure 2: Positron emission computed tomography: flouro-deoxyglucose avidity in the wall of cystic lesionFigure 3: EUS: Complex cystic lesion (arrows) posterior to the head of pancreas and closely abutting the inferior vena cava with normal uncinate processFigure 4: Contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS: Nonhomogenous enhancement of the cystic lesion with solid areas showing enhancement (arrows) and anechoic areas not enhancingFigure 5: EUS-guided biopsy using through the needle forceps deviceFigure 6: Microphotograph of microbiopsy specimen: a loose collection of epithelioid cells (arrows) with necrosis in the background (H and E, ×40)To improve the diagnostic yield of EUS-guided tissue sampling, through-the-needle micro-forceps device has been introduced and studies have reported high diagnostic yield in pancreatic cystic lesions.[1,2] It can also be used for tissue diagnosis in difficult to diagnose lesions as in the index case. Declaration of patient consent The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form, the patient has given his consent for his images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patient understands that his name and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal his identity, but anonymity cannot be guaranteed. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest Surinder Singh Rana is an Editorial Board Member of the journal. This article was subject to the journal’s standard procedures, with peer review handled independently of this editor and his research group.

Site selection for solid waste management in Krishna district, Andhra Pradesh using GIS

Solid waste management involves collecting and processing garbage. It also recycles products. Solid waste management helps determine the best ways to use industrialised garbage. Industrialization produces chemicals and other waste products that harm human health. Solid waste management reduces this impact. Waste management has several ways. This study examined Krishna district in Andhra Pradesh. This study collects soil and geological data. This study shows how GIS may be utilised for waste management planning. The result shows the solid waste management area. So, garbage management should be simplified.

Cartografia da gestão de resíduos sólidos no sul da Bahia, Brasil

Abstract Although the Brazilian Solid Waste Policy is in force, cities continue to face difficulties in complying with it, thus perpetuating negative environmental impacts caused by solid waste. This study analyzed, from a cartographic perspective, the deficits and the implications of inadequate urban solid waste management in an area of the Brazilian northeast. A questionnaire structured in 3 sections and 26 questions (management of public cleaning services, waste collection, and solid waste disposal) was applied to eight managers of the municipal agencies responsible for solid waste areas. The quality index of landfills was applied, and the gravimetric characterization of solid waste was performed by the technique of quartering and segregation of waste in visits to the disposal sites of each city. It was identified that 75% of the cities do not have hierarchical strategies for prevention, reduction, reuse, recycling, and adequate treatment of urban solid waste, with insufficient budget. Only one city collects throughout its perimeter, and the waste collected is destined to open dumps considered inadequate or of low quality. The waste mass is composed, on average, of 50% organics, 20% rejects, 15% plastics, and 9% paper and cardboard. The recent Brazil sanitation regulation can be a way to reduce the aggravation and regularize the collection, transportation, and disposal of solid waste.

PHASE EQUILIBRA IN THE Ag2Se–Ag8GeSe6–Ag8SiSe6 SYSTEM AND CHARACTERIZATION Of the Ag8Si1-xGexSe6 SOLID SOLUTIONS

Phase equilibria in the Ag2Se–Ag8SiSe6–Ag8GeSe6 system were studied by differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction thechnique. Based on the experimental results and literature data, the projection of the liquidus surface of the Ag2Se–Ag8SiSe6–Ag8GeSe6 system, the isothermal section at 300 K and some polythermal sections of the phase diagram were constructed. It was determined that continuous series of solid solution are formed based on high-temperature cubic modification and limited solid solution areas are formed based on low-temperature modification of initial compounds on the Ag8SiSe6–Ag8GeSe6 side of concentration triangle. The formation of solid solutions leads to a sharp decreasing of polymorphic transition temperatures of ternary compounds and stabilization of high-temperature phases at room temperature. The liquidus surface of the Ag2Se–Ag8SiSe6–Ag8GeSe6 system consists of 2 areas reflecting the initial crystallization of α'-phase based on HT-Ag2Se and HT-Ag8Si1-xGexSe6 solid solutions. The obtained new phases are of interest as environmentally safe materials with thermoelectric properties and mixed ion-electron conductivity.

Ho-Sb-Te ÜÇLÜ SİSTEMİNDӘ QARŞILIQLI TӘSİRİN Sb2Te3-Ho KӘSİYİ ÜZRӘ TӘDQİQİ

Phase formation in the Sb2Te3-Ho system was studied by methods: differential-thermal (DTA), X-ray phase (XRD), microstructural (MSA), as well as by measuring density and microhardness, and built a T-x phase diagram. It has been established that the phase diagram of the Sb2Te3-Ho system is a non quasi-binary section of the Ho-Sb-Te ternary system. This system intersects the area of the three subordinate triangles of the ternary system. In the system based on Sb2Te3, a solid solution area was found in the range of 0-5 mol% Ho concentration at room temperature.

Rare Diagnoses and Diagnostic Pitfalls in Female Genital Tract Neoplasms: A Case Series

There is a wide spectrum of disorders that may originate from different parts of the female genital tract. They are often unique and rare, posing a diagnostic challenge for reporting pathologists. Their uniqueness lies in the rare histomorphologic picture and challenging clinical scenarios, accentuated by a paucity of available literature. Sometimes, histomorphology alone may not be sufficient for diagnosis, and ancillary studies like Immunohistochemistry (IHC) may help arrive at a definitive diagnosis. Present article represents a series of six unique cases. The first case presented with virilising features and menstrual irregularities. Gross examination of the adnexal neoplasm showed solid yellowish-orange areas, which were diagnosed as Steroid Cell Tumour (SCT), Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) based on histomorphology. This diagnosis was further substantiated by diffuse and strong Inhibin positivity on IHC. The second case presented with huge abdominal distention and markedly raised CA-125 levels. It was diagnosed as mucinous carcinoma with a focus of Benign Brenner Tumour. The third case presented with postmenopausal bleeding and underwent radical hysterectomy. Gross examination revealed simultaneous involvement of the unilateral adnexa, and it was finally diagnosed as endometrioid carcinoma with adnexal metastasis, International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIA. The fourth case was a cervical carcinoma with histomorphology suggestive of high-grade, but it did not fit into any of the known subtypes of adenocarcinoma. Therefore, it was reported as Adenocarcinoma NOS with focal mucinous differentiation. The fifth case was a rare cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma (ASCC) with both malignant squamous and glandular components. The sixth case was of mesenchymal origin in the vulva, namely Aggressive Angiomyxoma (AA). All these cases highlight the fact that pathologists should be well aware of these entities to make an appropriate diagnosis.

Cyto-Architectural Complexity of Dyshormonogenic Goitre can Closely Mimic a Thyroid Follicular Malignancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature to Avoid Diagnostic Pitfall

A 13-year-old male child presented in the OPD with a midline 5x4cm thyroid swelling of 2 years duration with the chief complaint of difficulty in breathing. He also had growth and mental retardation since 3 years of age. His thyroid profile records revealed a severe degree of hypothyroidism and he was on thyroxine supplement since then. He underwent a right hemithyroidectomy for the right-sided nodular goitre causing on-and-off dyspnea. The gross specimen measured 5x4x3cm, which on cut section showed partially encapsulated multi-nodular solid areas. Microscopy yielded marked architectural complexity and prominent cellular and nuclear pleomorphism that mimicked a thyroid malignancy; for eg., a poorly differentiated papillary or follicular carcinoma. However, a thorough assessment of a range of histo-morphological features in the context of clinical history clinched the diagnosis of dyshormonogenetic goitre. One year postoperatively the patient is doing well on Thyroxine supplement. This case report reviews the literature about this rare benign entity of dyshormonogenetic goitre which closely mimics thyroid malignancy, notably a follicular malignancy on microscopy owing to its cytoarchitectural complexity and nuclear atypia. Hence, knowledge of its clinical presentation, gross and diverse microscopic features is extremely important to avoid misdiagnosis and thereby clinical management.

Primary pulmonary hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma with pseudopapillary structures and abundant cysts filled with mucus.

Pulmonary hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) is a new and rare form of lung salivary gland tumor. Only twenty-two cases have been reported in the literature to date. Furthermore, their clinicopathological features have not been fully characterized. In this paper, we describe the clinicopathological characteristics, immunohistochemical features, and molecular genetic changes in two HCCC cases. We also simultaneously reviewed related literature on similar cases reported. Of the two cases, one was of a 58-year-old man with a 4.3cm lung tumor, which was the largest among all previously reported cases. The tumor showed an infiltrative growth pattern and perineural and vascular invasion microscopically. Moreover, nuclear grooves, high mitotic figures, and comedo necrosis were observed in addition to classic morphological features. More importantly, rare pseudopapillary structures were observed. The second case was of a 60-year-old woman in whom the tumor was mainly composed of multiple cysts filled with mucus. The remaining focal solid areas of the tumor comprised clear and acidophilic cells embedded in the hyalinizing stroma. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the tumor cells of both cases were positive for CK5/6, p40, and p63 expression, but negative for napsin A, TTF-1, and SOX10 expression. The HCCC diagnosis in both cases was validated by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) examination, which showed Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1-activating transcription factor 1 (EWSR1-ATF1) gene fusion. Primary pulmonary HCCC is a rare lung tumor originating from the bronchial mucosa, and its histological features may vary, such as rare pseudopapillary structures and abundant cysts. Thus, the diagnosis should be a combined analysis of histopathological characteristics with immunophenotype and molecular examination, including EWSR1-ATF1 gene fusion detection.

Highly secure intelligent computer data detection of anomalies

The latest technology is focusing on the detection of different attacks occurring in the cloud and IoT data centers and services. So, there is a need of providing high dimensional security for the data. The appraisal issue prompts the suggestion of a coordinated methodology for sifting the unusual data of interest and perspectives for seeing anticipated exceptions in the new youngster around subspaces of high-layered enormous information. High-layered immense information requires significant computational memory and brings a tremendous computational weight, no matter what the way that continuous figuring sources solid areas are. Thus, the fundamental examination objective of this assessment is to develop an adaptable system for inconsistency recognizing confirmation that arrangements with the issue of the scourge of dimensionality in goliath instructive combinations. The issue of irregularity range has different highlights, and how we depict irregularities, the sort of information, and anticipated surrender can have a critical effect on recognizable confirmation techniques. As a result of these contrasts, issue plans shift enormously, requiring the utilize of different shrewd frameworks to address them.

Waste Management in Cities of India Need Introduction of Modular Concept for Sustainable Solutions

Waste Management in major cities in India is generally a grey area that needs proper attention. The rapid growth in population in cities caused due to mass influx of rural population in search of employment and better living and also the fast changing living standard in various strata of society are some of the major factors which are rendering even a properly planned scheme to a stage of inadequacy in a very short span of time. A scheme on waste management by the time it is physically implemented on ground is found to become under capacity, facing deficiencies all over places.Whether it is solid waste management or Waste Water Management, the issue of under design and need of augmentation is a common problem being faced on the ground. In such situations of rapid expanding dimensions of problems, introduction of Modular Concept in design of schemes can be more effective and convenient in design, implementation, and subsequent augmentations in phases.Solid waste management which is basically on the principle of 6 R i.e., Recycle, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Re-gift, and Recover, can be planned and designed on a modular basis for a population of 5000 to 10,000 and earmarking a zone of 100,000 sq. ft. as Solid Waste Area having various facilities for composting, incineration, plastic shredding facility, metal segregation cells, cell for electronic waste, and everything at a place to function in an organized manner. Such operations can be handled by RWAs collectively with necessary aids from municipal authorities and the government. Such modular units of waste handling can serve as a tool for local employment.The Modular Concept similarly can also be well applied to Waste Water Management for handling liquid waste from colonies of population of 5000 to 10,000. There are various methodologies for waste water treatments and waste water recycling depending on the nature of the waste, but out of the lot, use of RBC (Rotating Bio Contactors) is more appropriate for small/medium capacity which can be conveniently subjected to phase wise augmentation by adding additional modules time to time.The present concept for aggregating the waste and handling it to transport the entire waste, be it the solid waste or the liquid waste to a far corner of city area for purpose of centralised handling/treatment and disposal. This concept of centralised handling of large mass needs a re-look in the present scenario.

Thực trạng quản lý chất thải rắn y tế và một số yếu tố ảnh hưởng tại viện Y Dược học Dân Tộc thành phố Hồ Chí Minh năm 2020

Objectives: This study has two objectives as the follows: to describe the management situation medical solid waste management and some factors affecting of solid medical waste management at the Traditional Medicine Institute Ho Chi Minh City by 2020. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study, combining quantitative and qualitative method. medical solid waste storage tanks, medical solid waste transportation vehicles, medical solid waste storage area at 13 clinical and subclinical with 130 times of classifying and collecting, 52 times of transporting, 16 times of storage and 13 times returning to medical equipment. Information gathered through 4 in-depth interviews with 4 leaders of the Institute, department, department and 3 group discussions. Qualitative data was collected from 04 in-dept interviews and 03 focus groups discussion. Main findings: The research results show: sorting of medical solid waste at source and non-communicable hazardous medical solid waste must be put into a black bag / bin reaching=90%; in the stage of medical solid waste collection: the content of not collecting medical solid waste together reaches 92.3%; medical solid waste is transported according to the prescribed road, reaching 92.3%; Medical solid waste content that does not contain the same barrels and in solid medical waste warehouses must have a centralized waste container with a lid in accordance with regulations, all reaching 93.7%. The Institute has 4 medical solid waste warehouses that fully comply with the regulations on the management of medical solid waste, only not meeting the warehouse area. Key words: Solid medical waste, influenced factor, Traditional Medicine Institute Ho Chi Minh City.

Solid Waste Landfill Site Selection; Konya City Sample

In developing countries, consumption habits have changed with the increase in population, the development of technology and industrialization. For this reason, good management of the increase in the amount of solid waste by municipalities is very important for the health and sustainability of nature. The location of the facility to be established is important for the regular storage and efficient disposal of solid wastes. Site selection of landfill facilities in the ‘Site Management and Operation Guide for Landfill Facilities’ published by the General Directorate of Environmental Management; The ratio of the volume to the area, the distance to the buildings, the wind direction, the external view (landscape), the effect on the traffic on the side, the profit from the finished facility, and the effect on the water are evaluated under the sub-headings. With the ‘Konya Solid Waste Management Project’, ‘Aslım Sanitary Landfill’, which was used until 2017, was closed. Instead, the ‘Konya Solid Waste Landfill Site’, which was established in a different region to meet the need, was put into operation. In the study to be carried out in this context; Both fields were evaluated according to the specified criteria and compared with each other using the Analytical Hierarchy Method. As a result, it is aimed that the success rate of the location selection of the new solid waste storage area will be revealed and it will be a base for similar studies to be done in the future.

Hipopitüitarizm ile Birlikte Olan Papiller Tiroid Kanserinin Takibinde Zorluk: Olgu Sunumu ve Literatürün Gözden Geçirilmesi

Aim: We present an interesting case of papillary thyroid cancer co-existent with hypopituitarism.&#x0D; Case: Fortysix-year-old female was applied with a complaint of painful palpabl lump in the right side of the neck, difficulty swallowing, cough and dyspnea. The patient was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 8 years ago, underwent craniotomy for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma 15 years ago, and received gamma knife 10 years ago. She had been taking insulin glargine and lispro, prednisolone, and levothyroxine (LT4). Physical examination was unremarkable. Pituitary MRI revealed partial empty sella. A solid nodule of 33x27x30 mm with irregular borders and containing microcalcifications in the right thyroid lobe was detected on sonography. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed “strongly suspicious features for malignancy”. Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was detected after right lobectomy and then complementary thyroidectomy. Follow-up sonography performed 14 months later than radioactive iodine (RAI) showed an avascular solid area of 30x14x15 mm in the right. We decided to monitor free thyroxine (fT4), thyroglobulin and anti-thyroglobulin levels. LT4 dose was adjusted to keep fT4 level closer to the upper limit of normal. No complications or recurrences were detected. &#x0D; Conclusion: Studies on the follow-up of PTC cases with hypopituitarism are limited. We performed RAI after total thyroidectomy, and treated the patient with LT4 by adjusting fT4 level.