Solar Water Tank Research Articles

دراسة عملية لاداء سخان ماء شمسي ذو الدوران الطبيعي المتصل على التوالي

This research paper presents an experimental study on the performance of a natural circulation solar water heater system with two typical collectors connected in series. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the system's thermal performance under different load conditions, including no-load, intermittent, and continuous load. Mean storage tank, solar collector means plate (the left) temperature and thermosyphon flow rate in a vertical tank were measured. Results showed that there was variation in solar water tank and collector plate temperature under load and no-load conditions. Analysis of thermal performance of the system was conducted for each condition. The highest plate temperature (100 ˚C or even more) with no circulation of both collector and load conditions, indicate the high quality of the solar collectors even during the cold season. The collector’s arrangement in series connection is of highest gain in energy and higher storage tank mean water temperature. Several characteristic equations obtained to represent the performance of the present natural circulation system under collector connection arrangement in series. In fact, when large amount of hot water was required for a certain purpose (Industrial sector for example - MSF plant or central heating), multiple collectors are to be deployed in series and in parallel to produce the required amount (quantity) and desired temperature (quality) at the same time. Key words: Thermosyphon solar water heater, storage tank profile temperature, Solar Water Heaters (SWHs), instantaneous efficiency, collector flow factor, collector efficiency factor, collector heat removal factor

Experimental assessment of a solar water tank integrated with nano-enhanced PCM and a stirrer

In the present work, an experimental assessment of the performance of a Solar Water Tank (SWT) integrated with Nano-enhanced Phase Change Material (Ne-PCM) and a Stirrer. Two configurations of SWT/Ne-PCMs, a spiral-type and a jacketed shell-type heat exchangers are designed and developed. These SWTs are integrated with the Nano-enhanced PCM within cylindrical capsules. A laboratory-scale experimental setup is conducted to examine the performance effect of the SWTs integrated with a propeller stirrer. In addition, an analysis of the effects of various process parameters including HTF flow rate and stirring speed was carried out. The results show that compared to the jacketed tank (without stirring), the completion time for the SWT/Ne-PCM charging and discharging processes (with a stirrer and a coil) is reduced by 12.5% and 23.51%, respectively.

Thermal characteristics of a flat-plate solar collector of hybrid solar water heater

In the present work, thermal characteristics of a flat-plate type solar collector that is used in a hybrid solar water heater is explored. The flat plate collector is used to heat the water which is circulated by a pump. The pump is powered by electric power resulted from the photovoltaic. The collector area of the solar collector is 1.196 m × 0.541 m and the capacity of the Tank is 80 L. The results show that, the maximum temperature of the absorber plate can reach 90°C and the minimum one is 57.3°C. The average temperature of the absorber plate is 72.93°C. On the other hand, the average temperature of the ambient air is 38.45°C. Thus, the average temperature of the plat absorber is 34.43°C higher than the ambient temperature. In the solar water tank, minimum temperature of the water is 28.33°C and it is heated up to 58.23°C.

An experimental investigation on thermal stratification characteristics with PCMs in solar water tank

Thermal storage technology with phase-change materials (PCMs) is an important approach for improving solar energy utilisation efficiency. In this study, for analysing the stratification of a thermal tank with PCMs at an initial water temperature of 353.15 K and inlet water temperature of 278.15 K, a thermal storage tank containing sodium acetate trihydrate with a phase change temperature of 325.15 K and super-cooling temperature below 278.15 K was developed. This study thoroughly investigated the effect of the positions of the PCMs on thermal stratification characteristics at various flow rates (0.06, 0.18, 0.3, 0.42, and 0.54 m3/h) and with increasing dimensionless time. This study further examined the fill efficiency, which was compared with the exergy efficiency, MIX number, and Richardson number to characterise the stratification of the thermal tank. The experimental results demonstrated that when the temperature of the water storage tank increased from 278.15 K to 353.15 K, the energies of the water tank and PCM tank were 18.81 and 19.34 MJ, respectively. At the same inlet flow rate, increasing the PCMs close to the inlet resulted in improved thermal stratification of the tank. With high flow rates, the cold–hot water mixing intensified and the thermocline thickness in the tank increased, thereby weakening the thermal stratification. Moreover, as the water-release process progressed, the cold–hot water mixing in the water tank tended to be stable, thereby forming a stable thermocline. The thermal stratification of the ordinary tank was superior to that of the PCM tank. However, as the PCMs were located at the bottom of the water tank, the thermal stratification was optimal when the inlet flow rate was higher than 0.42 m3/h.

Study on Constant Water Temperature Solar Water Tank and Temperature Button Research Controlled by Single-Chip Microcomputer

Solar water leakage on the market is very serious at present, temperature button is not convenient, which don't have a good temperature control function. Born in such a case, this article first introduces the main program work flow chart of the solar with constant water temperature, indicating the control thought of the whole process, and then focuses on the design of solar injection water tank, finally introduces working process of the temperature button.

Influencing parameters on performance of a mantle heat exchanger for a solar water heater - a simulation study

Thermal performance of a solar water heater mainly depends on the thermal stratification. Thermal stratification in solar water tanks is essential for a better performance of energy storage systems where these tanks are integrated. In this research work, the performance of a solar water heater with a mantle heat exchanger is investigated experimentally. The heat exchanger is assessed for a range of operating conditions to quantify both the mantle side and the tank side heat transfer coefficients and the effect of thermal stratification in the tank. The experiments arte simulated and validated by using CFD tool ANSYS-CFX and a good agreement is obtained between experiments and simulations. The objective of this paper is to investigate the influence of location of hot fluid inlet, mass flow rate of mantle fluid and type of hot fluid on the performance of the mantle heat exchanger. Keywords: Performance of mantle heat exchanger, mantle side heat transfer coefficient, tank side heat transfer coefficient, operating conditions, ANSYS-CFX, hot fluid inlet, mass flow rate, type of hot fluid

Leads from the MMWR. Contamination of potable water by phenol from a solar water tank

Leads from the MMWR. Contamination of potable water by phenol from a solar water tank