Model Of Solar System Research Articles

EN Solar panels work and control system modeling in LabVIEW and LTSpice XVII. Comparison of the perspectives of panels using

This paper is dedicated to the research of solar energy issues, namely to increase the efficiency of solar panels and to compare the performance of solar panels in different configurations. The author researches and compares the performance of solar panels with and without trackers. The sun is an inexhaustible source of energy that mankind has yet to appreciate. Solar energy is the kinetic energy of radiation (mainly light) generated by thermonuclear reactions in the bowels of the sun. Solar energy is one such alternative, the neglect of which will in the near future lead to catastrophic consequences for humanity. Solar energy is a progressive method of obtaining various types of energy through solar radiation. Solar energy is one of the most promising and dynamic renewable energy sources (RES). Each year, the increase in commissioned capacity is approximately 40-50%. In the last fifteen years alone, the proportion of solar electricity in the world has exceeded the 5% mark. To increase the efficiency of solar panels, designers and engineers are developing new devices and devices, one of which is a solar tracker. A solar tracker is a device that allows you to control the movement of the sun across the sky, as well as move the solar panel to the position where the absorption of sunlight is most effective. After the conducted experiment , calculations an comparison we can see the next results. Without the solar tracker our panel generated maximum power in 2.4 Watt. After the solar tracking system integration, our panel generated almost 20 (19.8) Watt of power! After this comparison we can tell that the generated power increase in 8.25 Watts. We can also admit that the amount of generated power depends on light intensity. But solar panels are the most effective when the solar beam falls perpendicular to solar cell and solar panel is at an angle of 75 – 85 degrees

Capacity Coordination Planning Model of wind solar storage hybrid power system

Based on the daily and monthly characteristics of wind power and photovoltaic output, the wind power / photovoltaic sequence model based on the daily and monthly characteristics is constructed. Considering the generation constraints, energy storage constraints, system power balance constraints and renewable energy consumption rate constraints of each unit, the coordinated optimization planning model of wind photovoltaic storage complementary power system capacity is constructed to determine the different renewable energy consumption rate fields The optimal capacity of wind power, photovoltaic and energy storage. The results show that the optimal installed capacity of wind power, photovoltaic power and energy storage is different under different scenarios of renewable energy consumption rate and tie line utilization rate, but the impact of energy storage capacity is small.

Modelling and simulation of solar thermal power generation network

In the smart grid context, the article combines SEGS-VI solar thermal power station parameters to establish a solar thermal power generation system model. The thesis is based on the First and Second laws of thermodynamics. It uses the white box model analysis method of the energy system to calculate the solar thermal power generation system-concentrating and collecting subsystem, heat exchange subsystem, and power subsystem to obtain the subsystems dissipation of each process. Finally, the article uses the white box model analysis of the total energy system to treat the subsystems as white boxes, and connects them to form a white box network, makes a reasonable evaluation of the energy consumption status of the total energy system, and finds the weak links in the energy use process of the system. Provide a basis for system energy saving.

The experi̇mental thermal analysis of aluminum metal melting with concentrated solar energy

The concentrated solar energy which is one of the renewable energy sources, is examined in metal melting which requires high temperatures. The study is carried out for the first time in an environment where total solar radiation of 1394 kWh m−2-year and sunshine duration of 2132 h-year at the sea level in Trabzon province at 41° latitudes and 39° longitudes. In the present work, a single concentrator model of solar furnace system is presented. Parabolic dish with a diameter of 1.42 m was used for the first time with high reflection rate chromium nickel foil in the concentration of the solar rays. To store the concentrated solar beams, a metal melting furnace is designed, manufactured and tested. Total heat loss analysis of the furnace according to measured experimental values is performed for the designed solar furnace. The melting process of the aluminum metal was realized in the furnace. In the experiment, the efficiency of the system was calculated based on the measured temperatures and solar radiations. The system efficiency which consists of the parabolic solar concentrator and the solar furnace was found to be approximately 46% at the average focal temperature of 1023 K. In the melting process, the efficiency of the furnace is calculated as the ratio of stored energy to the absorbed solar energy on the surface. The total thermal efficiency 22% is calculated for the first time in the aluminum melting process and mass flow rate is 0,0667 g s−1 at this time.

One of the most efficient methods to utilize full-spectrum solar energy: A photovoltaic-thermoradiative coupled system

Solar photovoltaic cells are widely used in many aspects, but a mass of solar energy cannot be utilized, resulting in much waste heat being dissipated into the environment, which limits the performance of photovoltaic cells. To improve the utilization of solar energy, a novel model of the concentrated solar spectrum photovoltaic-thermoradiative coupled system is established, where main irreversible losses in the system are considered. Expressions for the power outputs and efficiencies of two subsystems and coupled system are derived. The effects of the voltage outputs and bandgap energies of two cells, area ratios of different units, and the concentration factor on the performance of the coupled system are investigated in detail. The maximum efficiency and corresponding power output density of the coupled system are numerically calculated. The optimal selection criteria of the main parameters affecting the systemic performance are provided. Two subsystems are optimally matched. The performance characteristics of the coupled system are revealed. Compared with the photovoltaic cell and thermoradiative cell alone, the proposed system has a large efficiency enhancement. Compared with other photovoltaic-based coupled systems, the proposed system can be operated at low solar concentration and the maximum efficiency can attain 44.91%, which has a significant efficiency improvement.

Increasing the efficiency of solar panel by solar tracking system

Solar energy is a promising sustainable power source asset. If the solar panels have an opposite profile to the beams of the sun it will create more vitality. The objective of the work is to track the sun, so that the rays of sun will always be in perpendicular with panel. As the cost of manufacturing the solar tracking setup is high, there are alternative less expensive choices that have been proposed. This works aims to design and develop a model of solar tracking system. ATMega328P micro controller is utilized for the manufacture of control circuit. Light Dependent Resistors (LDR) is utilized to recognize daylight which impels the servo motor to turn the solar panel. The solar panel is kept in a region of most extreme exposure to daylight. Greatest torque and speed are achieved by a servo motor. Servo motor is most efficient with the scope of 80-90%. Servo motors are free from vibration issues. Execution and attributes of solar panel are examined tentatively. solar cells made of Silicon produced an maximum efficiency of 20%. Most of the solar panels still operate at level less than 40%. Because of their reduced performance. The initial cost increases due to the purchase of large sized panels, else the number of panels has to be increased. The efficiency and cost of the panel is inversely proportional to each other solar tracking finds a better way of improving the performance without increasing the rate of the panel. The area of exposure to sunlight is increased. Classification is based on the number of trackers single axis trackers are less efficient than Dual trackers A single tracking system is used. It is cheaper, less complex to install and still achieves the required efficiency. The increase in the initial setup cost is negligible when compared to the increase of power output. Maintenance costs are not high.

Modeling and Simulation of Solar Photovoltaic Renewable Energy Sources Power Generation System for MGs and Loss of Mains Detection

Power generation from Renewable Energy Sources (RESs) is steadily increasing due to a number of reasons. These include government subsidies on these RESs, improvement in technology in their manufacture and efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, these RESs have associated challenges like intermittency in power generation hence unreliable power supply. Solar PV is gaining popularity as compared to other RESs due to its unique advantages in grid connected applications. It is therefore important to carry out accurate design and enough simulations on its dynamic behavior before actual installation at any given location using local environmental parameters. This paper discusses the detailed modelling, simulation and dynamic behavior of solar PV power generation systems for MG applications using Matlab/Simulink platform.

Early impact chronology of the icy regular satellites of the outer solar system

The dating of the surfaces of the giant planets' regular satellites is hampered by two issues. The first is the lack of known samples from which radiometric ages can be measured. The second is a potentially different cratering chronology compared to those of the Moon and Mars, due to a difference in the impactor population and planetary system architecture, making a direct comparison and absolute ages derivation difficult. That leaves modelling as the only way to obtain something close to absolute surface ages. Here we applied and reported an improved chronological model of the outer solar system during an episode of dynamical instability caused by giant planet migration. We have combined a series of dynamical and Monte Carlo simulations with various crater scaling laws, impactor size-frequency distributions and observational crater densities to compute the expected crater densities on the surfaces of the regular satellites of Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus. From this, we derived their oldest surface ages. Our impactors are sourced from heliocentric planetesimals that originated from the disk of small bodies exterior to the orbit of the giant planets, and the irregular satellites, which were likely captured by the mutual encounters between the giant planets. With both crater scaling laws and the assumption that the giant planets began their migration at 4.5 Ga, most satellites' surfaces were dated to be older than 4.3 Ga, apart from the inner and small satellites, i.e. Mimas, Enceladus, Hyperion and Miranda. Their estimated surface ages are ca. 4 Ga, although these bodies' masses are expected to have been heavily eroded and if they existed prior to giant planet migration they were likely to be destroyed. Our prediction of old surface ages for the mid-sized Saturnian satellites has implications for their formation, their tidal evolution, the interior of Saturn and the ages of the rings.

Solar drying simulation of different products: Lebanese case

The world is acting towards the reduction of use of fossil fuels. Therefore, a big number of innovations are utilized that adopt sources of renewable energy such as wind, solar, tidal etc. Solar radiation is used for different applications, one of them is drying different products from thousands of years.Thus, solar energy was the only used energy until the discovery of fossil fuel sources, especially utilized for solar dryers. These dryers are not very commercialized, and their designs are based on empirical and semi-empirical systems. Therefore, theoretical studies will be of high importance in this field. The majority designs of solar dryer available in the market, are used mainly for drying of various crops either for family use or for small-scale industrial production. In this article a simulation of the Lebanese ambient temperature and the relative humidity will be conducted then compared to the meteorological experimental data. After that, a modeling of a direct solar dryer system is developed based on the heat transfers phenomena inside and outside the dryer. This model is simulated using five different products that helps us to determine the instant temperatures of the product, of the internal air of the dryer and of its cover, in addition to the instant water content of the product dried. Finally, a linear relation between the thermal capacity of the product dried with a range going from 1100 to 2300 J/kg.K and a defined drying characteristic time will be concluded from this work.

Solar home & pumping system scheme for lighting & access to clean water in the 3T region

There are many regions in Indonesia where the electrification ratio is relatively low, even some still do not enjoy access to electricity. Low electrification is especially felt by Indonesians living in 3T areas (terdepan/frontier, terluar/outermost, and tertinggal/disadvantaged). On the other side, as archipelagic and tropical country, Indonesia has high potential in the development of renewable energy for electrical generation especially solar energy. This study aims to design a solar home & pumping system (SHPS) model and assess its feasibility. In this concept SHPS scheme is purposed to provide electricity access to 3T community for the needs of lighting and access to clean water. A total of 4 units of 3 watt LED lights integrated with batteries are used for lighting each household, while a 600 watt water pump can be used communally for 150 households. Both LED light and water pump are supplied with electrical energy from their respective solar panels. There are 3 scenarios in the implementation of SHPS for a total of 150 households with a discount rate for investments of 10%. Full grant by the government/private sector with a budget of Rp 480.5 million is the most recommended scenario. Another advantage of SHPS is environmentally friendly.

Effect of N-Photovoltaic thermal integrated parabolic concentrator on milk temperature for pasteurization: A simulation study

In this study, an effort has been done to develop the thermal modeling of solar milk pasteurization system operated through N number of fully covered semitransparent photovoltaic thermal integrated parabolic concentrator (N/PVT/IPC). The thermal mathematical model of the present proposed system has been exhaustively demonstrated for the assessment of performance parameters namely, solar cells electrical efficiency, electrical power output, useful thermal energy gain and temperature of milk (which is to be pasteurized) in terms of both design and climatic conditions. Moreover, effect of operating parameters such as mass flow rate of withdrawn milk, number of collector, packing factor, and mass flow rate of collector fluid on milk pasteurization temperature have been comprehensively discussed. The present numerical simulations have been carried out for New Delhi, India climatic condition. Based on mathematical computation, it has been found that milk temperature for pasteurization increases significantly with increase in number of PVT/IPC collectors at lower packing factor. Further, it is also concluded that the proposed pasteurization system under optimal design and operating parameters can produce 216 kg of pasteurized milk and 5.7 kW h of electrical energy. Correspondingly, after simulation it is inferred that the proposed system is self-sustained under 6 h of operation.

Operation Decision Model of Wind-Photovoltaic-Storage Hybrid Power System in the Day Ahead Market

In this paper, considering the uncertainty of electricity price and the uncertainty of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation in the day ahead electricity market, a bidding decision-making model of wind solar energy storage complementary power system composed of wind turbine, photovoltaic generator set and energy storage system is constructed by using two-stage stochastic programming method, so as to maximize the interests of system operators. Finally, the rationality of the model is proved by an example.

Modelado, diseño y simulación de sistemas de micro-generación solar fotovoltaicos utilizando MATLAB

La investigación tuvo por objetivo realizar un modelado, diseño y simulación de sistemas de micro-generación solar fotovoltaicos utilizando MATLAB como aporte de la Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, a la conformación de alternativas energéticas viables en beneficio de la población ecuatoriana. Se desarrolló en función del enfoque cuantitativo, tipo descriptivo con apoyo de modalidad proyecto factible, se procedió a construir el modelado, diseño y simulación, el cual se presenta en una fase descriptiva matemática y otra de simulación, desplegadas en el apartado de propuesta tecnológica. Mediante el estudio por separado de cada elemento del sistema solar fotovoltaico aislado, se ha profundizado en su comportamiento dinámico. Además, ha permitido el diseño de una herramienta o aplicación parametrizable según las características técnicas de cada elemento del sistema, permitiendo simular sistemas solar fotovoltaicos incorporando datos reales de radicación solar y temperatura del sitio físico donde se realiza el estudio.

Optimization of a solar water heating system for vapor absorption refrigeration system

AbstractIn this work, the optimization study of the solar collector integrated, with a thermal energy storage tank for the vapor absorption refrigeration system, was studied using TRNSYS. The performance of the integrated system was evaluated considering major contributing parameters such as solar collector area, the mass flow rate of the operating fluids, storage tank volume and height, absorber plate thickness, tube spacing, absorber tube diameter, insulation thickness, and glass thickness/properties, respectively. A physical model of the complete solar water heating (SWH) and refrigeration system was developed followed by simulation studies of the major components for optimization, and finally, the obtained results were compared with the reported data for validation. The results indicated that, by using the solar power with a serpentine tube type flat plate collector of area 24 m2 and a storage volume to a specific collector area of about 60 Lm−2, the optimized system could meet 65% of the annual thermal energy requirement for the refrigeration unit. Further, the annual performance of the optimized solar collector in terms of collector efficiency, heat removal factor, and overall heat loss coefficient was found to be about 0.32, 0.87, and 2.99 W m−2 K, respectively. In addition, the optimization approach that is adopted using TRNSYS in the present study could be used for optimizing the solar‐based energy system for various applications.

Modeling and simulation of an active solar water heating system for Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

The recent interests in renewable energy throughout the world has created a need for research in the area of solar technology, specially solar water heating system. A numerical experimental investigation was conducted to develop a model of an active solar water heating system to produce domestic hot water at 90oC using Typical meteorogical year (TMY 2) solar weather condition data of Maiduguri. The numerical experiment was used for simulation and TRNSYS 16 software was also used to determine the hourly thermal performance of the model. The main component of the TRNSYS deck file constructed for this purpose is Type 109, accompanied by other components require for the model. TMY 2 weather data of Maiduguri was processed to obtain the monthly average daily hot water for Maiduguri, and the recommended average day of each months were also used. The weather condition of the month of August was considered for the design. The result of simulation shows that an active solar system collector area of 2.04m2 with inlet flow rate of 120kg/hour for hot water application, tilted at an angle of 12o to the horizontal would be capable of producing daily domestic hot water of 0.1m3 volume to the desired temperature of 90o C. The validation computed by using statistical tool of Nash-Sutcliffe Coefficient Efficiency (NSE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) reveal the system ambient temperature and storage tank temperature of 1.60C,0.82 and 3.60C,0.96 respectively. For the experiment conducted, the model has capacity of predicting the performance of system with 82% and 96% degree of accuracy for that the experiment conducted. The early hours of each months as compared by the collectors showed that the serpentine solar collector has higher thermal performance than the riser-header flat plate collector but after 15:00 hours, Riser-header solar collector performance is better. This means that that riser-header solar collector has higher performance better than serpentine solar collector.

Energy Management System in Series-Parallel Hybrid Solar Vehicle

In this paper, the study on energy management in a hybrid solar vehicle is presented. The proposed system consisted of five main energy conversion components i.e. internal combustion engine, electric motor, electric generator, battery, and photovoltaic. The energy management system in hybrid solar vehicles aims to select the best mode of operation corresponding to the driving conditions and the state of charge of the battery. In this study, the proposed energy management system applied a specific energy balance equation for each mode of operation of the vehicle as the basis of the decision-making algorithms. The algorithms are then simulated on a model of series-parallel hybrid solar vehicle system to investigate the power supplied by each component, the fuel consumption of the vehicle, and the efficiency of each component. The results show that the fuel consumption of an internal combustion engine on a hybrid solar vehicle is about 30% less than the conventional vehicle, in which up to 0.6 % contributed by the photovoltaic cells.

A review on modeling of solar photovoltaic systems using artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm and hybrid models

A review on modeling of solar photovoltaic systems using artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithm and hybrid models

Can narrow discs in the inner Solar system explain the four terrestrial planets?

ABSTRACT A successful Solar system model must reproduce the four terrestrial planets. Here, we focus on (1) the likelihood of forming Mercury and the four terrestrial planets in the same system (a 4-P system); (2) the orbital properties and masses of each terrestrial planet; and (3) the timing of Earth’s last giant impact and the mass accreted by our planet thereafter. Addressing these constraints, we performed 450 N-body simulations of terrestrial planet formation based on narrow protoplanetary discs with mass confined to 0.7–1.0 au. We identified 164 analogue systems, but only 24 systems contained Mercury analogues, and eight systems were 4-P ones. We found that narrow discs containing a small number of embryos with individual masses comparable to that of Mars and the giant planets on their current orbits yielded the best prospects for satisfying those constraints. However, serious shortcomings remain. The formation of Mercury analogues and 4-P systems was too inefficient (5 per cent and 2 per cent, respectively), and most Venus-to-Earth analogue mass ratios were incorrect. Mercury and Venus analogues also formed too close to each other (∼0.15–0.21 au) compared to reality (0.34 au). Similarly, the mutual distances between the Venus and Earth analogues were greater than those observed (0.34 versus 0.28 au). Furthermore, the Venus–Earth pair was not reproduced in orbital-mass space statistically. Overall, our results suggest serious problems with using narrow discs to explain the inner Solar system. In particular, the formation of Mercury remains an outstanding problem for terrestrial planet formation models.

Forecast modeling and performance assessment of solar PV systems

Electricity is converted directly from incident solar energy through photovoltaic systems. This latter is considered an elegant mean of exploiting renewable energy. It contributes significantly to the energy transition by reducing fossil fuel usage. Several studies about photovoltaic (PV) technology have focused on the design of photovoltaic systems or the theory behind them. On the contrary, this paper presents an evaluation of PV systems performance; it investigates the impact of diverse factors on the performance of these PV technologies. The aim of this work is to assess and compare the performance of different PV types including monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous silicon (Si) systems. Various indices are utilized in this evaluation such as system efficiency, performance ratio, energy output, and capacity factor. The performance analysis was evaluated using real measured data for a period of 5 years. It has shown that polycrystalline-Si technologies have higher performance compared to both monocrystalline-Si and amorphous-Si. This latter has lower conversion efficiency and capacity factor as compared to its counterparts. The performed economic analysis indicates that the most cost-effective system in the investigated Case study is polycrystalline -Si as it has the lowest levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of 0.10 USD/kWh. In addition, a dynamic simulator based on physical resources has been developed using Python to predict the power production of PV systems over one week. The forecast model is based on cloud cover predictions obtained from Dark Sky API. The simulation results are compared to the measured ones. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed prediction model has high accuracy. The root mean square errors of polycrystalline-Si, monocrystalline-Si, and amorphous-Si are 17.9%, 17%, and 20.4%, respectively. In addition, the mean absolute percentage errors of the aforementioned systems are 5.05%, 4.57%, and 4.35%, respectively. Finally, a detailed analysis comparing the performance of PV systems installed in various regions of Morocco is presented in this paper. The compared systems have the same brand and power capacity.

A Fast and Accurate Analytical Method for Parameter Determination of a Photovoltaic System Based on Manufacturer’s Data

Modeling and simulation of a photovoltaic solar system play a significant role in understanding its behavior in various environmental conditions. Utilization of the datasheet information in modeling and simulation of the PV system correlates the experimental data and the theory that instigate the mathematical predictions of an actual system. A single-diode model gives a simple, fast, and straightforward way of depicting the PV system performance. We have developed a new approach of determining the five unknown parameters of a single-diode model using manufacturer’s data at three main points: the open circuit point (OCP), short circuit point (SCP), and the maximum power point (MPP) of the IV and PV curves. The ideality factor (A) and the diode saturation current (Io) are the key unknown parameters that greatly affect the reduplication of the three main points. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the ideality factor using simple calculation procedure starting from its optimal value (Ao) and other values within the proximity of Ao. The optimal value is obtained by assumptions of negligible series resistance (Rs) and very large shunt resistance (Rsh). Therefore, the choice of the other ideality factors in the neighborhood of its optimal value gives rise to different values of Rs, Rsh, and Iph that are more realistic in an experimental setup. Positive values of Rsh and Rs have been iteratively obtained by utilizing data at maximum power point combined with open and short circuit data. The five unknown parameters have been determined in the proximity of Ao and have been used to plot the PV curve with accuracy and precision of less than 0.5% error of maximum power and less than 0.1% error of Voc of manufacturer’s data. The proposed method has been implemented using fast, simple, and accurate procedures using GNU Octave programming software to calculate Ao, Io, Rs, Rsh, and Iph and to execute both Rs-Rsh and PV characteristic equations of BP3235T, KC200GT, BP-SX 150, and MSX60 PV modules. The reduced steps employed in the algorithm improve execution speed, thereby reducing the computation time.