Solar Power Plant System Research Articles

Design and Implementation of Boost Voltage Doubler for Maximum Power Point Tracker Application Using STM32F1038CT

Photovoltaic is an absolute device in the solar power plant system. A DC-DC converter with a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) algorithm is required to obtain the maximum power of photovoltaic. In general, solar power plant applications used a two-stage converter: the first stage is boosting DC-DC converter, and the second stage is the multilevel Inverter. Boost DC-DC converter is usually implemented singly, which causes many boost DC-DC converters to be implemented in a solar power plant application. The voltage doubler type boost DC-DC converter proposed in this paper is to simplify the circuit so that there is only one converter in a solar power plant application. This converter principle combines two conventional boost converters, which are integrated into one so that the power circuit and control circuit form become simpler. This proposal is verified through computation simulation and hardware design using the STM32F1038CT microcontroller for the final verification. The efficiency algorithm of the simulation is 99.7%, and the hardware experimental is 85.65%

Interconnection Study of a 3 MWp Solar Farm on 20 kV Distribution System Considering Power Flow and Short Circuit

Currently, renewable energy is under review so that its use can be more widespread in the future. One of the renewable energy sources that are commonly used is solar energy through solar cell technology that can convert solar energy into electrical energy and then becomes one of the components that makes up the solar power plant. The use of the solar power plant can be interconnected with distribution networks in electric power systems, both medium-voltage networks and low voltage networks. In this study, a 3 MWp capacity of solar power plant was conducted with the medium-voltage network system of X City. This interconnection study consisted of power flow and short circuit studies using ETAP 12.6.0 software. The results of the power flow study show the voltage level of each bus has increased by 0.293%-0.926% after interconnection with the solar power plant system, with a value that still matches the SPLN 1:1978 standard of 90% to 105%. Besides, the results of short circuit study show the value of the three-phase short circuit fault current experienced a change in value that is not too significant, with an increase of 1-37 A and a decrease of 1-5 A, with a value that is still according to the protection component rating standard of 25 kA.

Simulation and modeling of a combined biomass gasification-solar photovoltaic hydrogen production system for methanol synthesis via carbon dioxide hydrogenation

One solution to achieving a large scale distribution, transportation and storage of renewable energy is methanol production from renewable-based power plants integrated with hydrogenation. In this study, a novel non-combustion heat-carrier biomass gasifier system is proposed, coupled with a large-scale solar power plant and alkaline water electrolysis system, for methanol production from syngas, water and carbon dioxide. Aspen Plus, MATLAB and TRNSYS are used to simulate and assess the performance of each component of the proposed system, under different climatic conditions of Toronto, Canada, and Crotone, Italy. In both localities, the best energy performance that minimizes the grid energy interaction factor is obtained with a photovoltaic station of 50.4 MW coupled to biomass gasification, which leads to 0.60 kWh and 0.57 kWh, respectively, in Toronto and Crotone, of electricity sent to or drawn from the grid for each kWh required by the electrolyser. However, higher profitability may be achieved in both localities with a single biomass gasification system which brings an enhanced benefit of 0.56 M€ in Toronto and 0.44 M€ in Crotone for each kW installed. It is expected that the developed modelling approach and these four newly formulated dimensionless indicators, i.e., the satisfied load fraction, utilization factor, grid energy interaction factor, and grid economic interaction value can be used to evaluate large-scale integrated renewable-based power systems.

Performance Evaluation Solar Charge Controller on Solar Power System Home-Based SPV Amorphous 80 Watt-peak.

The problem in renewable energy technology is the capacity stability, battery life and sustainability of energy supply. Similarly, it applies to solar power plant or Solar Home System (SHS). To deal with the required Solar Charge Controller (SCC), the form of electronic equipment that implements the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology in the lead acid battery capacity 120 Ah to set battery charging function and current discharging from battery to load generated by solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Amorphous 80 Wp. Research has been done for systems that work well through the testing phase and data retrieval at the research laboratories. Performance SCC generates the largest current on the current panel 2.08 ampere, at 13.00 pm Use the load Head light of 10 W, 15 W, and 20 W. The load of 10 W generates a current of 0.850.92 A, at a load of 15 W generates a current of 1.23-1.26 A and on Load of 20 W generates a current of 1.77-1.79 A.

RANCANG BANGUN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA (PLTS) ON GRID DI ECOPARK ANCOL

Indonesia is a tropical area that has a very large amount of sunlight which is a potential renewable energy with an average daily irradiation of 4.5 - 4.8 kWh / m2.As a renewable energy, sunlight is not pollutant, will not run out, but is free or free.Therefore this energy source can be utilized for electricity through the Solar Power Plant (PLTS) system. This research will discuss the design of On Grid Solar Power Generation (PLTS) systems by generating 60% of the load capacity in the Learning Farm area.The power generated is 68.17 kWp using 100 solar cell modules. This PLTSis designed to reduce electricity consumption from PLN in Ancol Ecopark.This location is considered to have good solar radiation potential and a largeavailability of land. The results of this design are expected to be a referencefor the Ancol ecopark learning farm in order to obtain a good match between energy needs, price, and quality.ABSTRAK:Indonesia merupakan daerah tropis yang mempunyai sinar matahari yang sangat besar menjadi potensi energi terbarukan dengan iradiasi harian rata-rata 4,5 – 4,8 kWh/m2. Sebagai energi terbarukan, sinar matahari tidak bersifat polutif, tidak akan habis, namun bersifat gratis atau cuma-cuma. Maka dari itu sumber energi ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kelistrikan melalui sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS). Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas perancangan sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) On Grid dengan membangkitkan 60 % dari kapasitas beban di area Learning Farm. Besar daya yang dibangkitkan sebesar 68,17 kWp dengan menggunakan 100 modul sel surya. PLTS ini dirancang untuk mengurangi pemakaian listrik dari PLN di Ecopark Ancol. Lokasi ini dinilai memiliki potensi radiasi matahari yang cukup baik dan ketersediaan lahan yang luas. Hasil dari perancangan ini diharapkan menjadi acuan bagi pihak ecopark learning farm Ancol agar diperoleh kesesuaian antara kebutuhan energi, harga, dan kualitas yang baik

Designing a solar power plant model as an energy mix at Darma Persada University

Universitas Darma Persada (Unsada) energy profile has an average of almost 2300 kWh everyday. This energy profile is quite high especially at noon, and the existence of solar power plant potential as an electricity producers shows that it is appropriate if Unsada were pushed to utilize this electricity producers as a diffusion of energy supply. Therefor a research is needed especially in power usage data, daily insulation data, solar power plant production specification data from power plant and regulations on the use of renewable energy, electricity to be supplied and power plant system. From the results of processing the data, will be obtained an output of Electricity System and Unsada Electric Energy profile. The solar power plant system that will be develop for the additional power supply is a hybrid solar power system with power plant electrical supply which power is generated at 50.4 kWp. 420 m2 of land is required for the installation of solar panels (can be installed on additional power roofs) and as many as 336 solar panels with 4 locations in each location of 84 solar panels.

Canal top solar panels: A unique nexus of energy, water, and land

The calamity of energy increased over the decades due to population increase, factories, and industries most of the energy comes from the thermal power plants. Renewable energy sources are the finest or desirable energy solution for fossil fuels. Renewable energy sources are various types but solar power plays an important role in renewable energy sources because of its availability, clean safe, and pollution-free nature. The building of a solar power system takes very large areas of land. By using the canals top solar power plant system reduces the requirement of a wide area of land and decreases the water evaporation by sunlight. The cost of solar energy is decreasing very fast. Solar Thermal Electricity (STE) and Solar Photovoltaic Electricity (SPVE) are becoming competitive against conventional energy. To overcome the problems the innovative idea comes in front for installing solar power plant system on canal tops using an inter-array spacing of solar panels this reduces the evaporation of water through the inter-array spacing and increases the radiation on the solar panel so that the power output of system also increases in this paper mainly focuses on canals top solar power system with the design of reflectors and without reflectors and comparing the efficiency and cost of both systems and proposing which system is most idle for solar power plant installation.

Economic Feasibility Analysis of Rooftop Solar Power Plant Design with Household-Scale On-Grid System in Semarang City

The electricity demand share in the household sector will increase from 49% in 2018 to 58% in 2050 as predicted. This issue is particularly caused by the household growth number which may increase from 67 million in 2018 to approximately 80 million in 2050. For the household customer number are increasing, utilizing rooftop as the base of solar power plants can be an effective and efficient solution. In addition, the government regulation supports the acceleration and development of new and renewable energy. This research aims to analyze the technical economic feasibility of rooftop solar power plant system with a household-scale on-grid system in Semarang City. Through PVSyst 6.43 and RetScreen software also equipped with several primary components, this household-scale rooftop solar power plant investment plan is estimated to have an average revenue return estimated in 10 years later.

Design of sensible and latent heat thermal energy storage systems for concentrated solar power plants: Thermal performance analysis

A shell-and-tube design with different thermal energy storage (TES) media was investigated as a promising TES system for a next generation concentrated solar power (CSP) plant. Sensible TES using graphite, latent TES using phase change materials (PCMs) and a hybrid of both were investigated. A two-dimensional transient heat transfer model was applied to simulate the thermal performance of multiple shell-and-tube TES modules connected in series. Considering the realistic operation of the CSP plant, an intensive numerical investigation was conducted to design and size the storage system. The TES systems studied were categorized as 3-PCM cascade, 5-PCM cascade, PCM-graphite-PCM hybrid and single graphite. All the PCMs considered in this paper have been experimentally proven as potential candidate storage media. It was found that all the TES systems studied, if well designed, can meet the CSP operational requirements. In comparison, single graphite storage is less problematic, but it has the lowest storage density (47.3 kWhr/tonne). By forming a PCM-graphite-PCM sandwich configuration, the energy density was increased to 60.9 kWhr/tonne and the storage effectiveness of this hybrid system is 70.7%, the highest among all the TES systems studied.

SIMULATION STUDY OF PARABOLIC TROUGH SOLAR POWER PLANTS IN BRAZIL

Various data reveals the potential of concentrated solar technologies for the electricity production. With global growing energy demand and green-house gas emission, concentrating solar power is considered as one of the promising options and has invited wide attention. In this work, a model for a 30 MW parabolic trough solar power plant system was developed for 31 different locations in Brazil, using TRNSYS simulation software, and TESS and STEC libraries. The power system consists of a parabolic trough solar collector loop connected to a power block by a series of heat exchangers. The solar collector loop consists of a field of parabolic trough collectors, stratified thermal storage tank, pump and heat exchangers to drive the power block and uses Therminol VP1 as heat transfer fluid. The results show that the cities of Recife (PE), Fortaleza (CE), Belterra (PA), Salvador (BA) and Petrolina (PE) stand out for their high monthly values of direct normal irradiation and, resulting the highest production of energy by the same configuration of Solar Central Power Plant.

Prediction of the Power Generation Solar Power Plant System in Thailand

Prediction of the Power Generation Solar Power Plant System in Thailand

Photovoltaic inverter control using programmable logic device

Solar power plant system represents the clean energy generation systems which convert and deliver the large amounts of solar radiation energy to the grid. The main purpose of the study is to maximize the amount of energy delivered to the grid from the solar photovoltaic cells. The solar irradiance and the grid voltage are the complex and dynamic system and need the universal solution which can provide more power at high dynamics of changes in external, various conditions. This work focuses on investigations provided in detail for the fuzzy logic-based synchronization technique which significantly increases the energy efficiency of the photovoltaic system. The multi-photovoltaic system’s controller concept was elaborated and evaluated using the programmable logic device, particularly useful for power critical drives. The dynamic responses of photovoltaic system were measured, which refers to the start procedure, solar irradiance, grid frequency and phase angle change. The results of the photovoltaic system investigation are made to appoint the efficiency in relation to the standard solution. The proposed fuzzy logic-based synchronization method delivers more energy to the grid in dynamic states in relation to the standard phase-locked loop method. The normal operation of the photovoltaic system is the dynamic operation. Therefore, the solution described in work allows to increase the efficiency of solar farms.

Sensible and latent heat energy storage systems for concentrated solar power plants, exergy efficiency comparison

Different options of sensible and latent heat storage systems comprising different types of heat transfer fluids, heat storage media or phase change materials (PCMs) have been compared considering the upstream and downstream requirements of a concentrated solar power cycle. For an optimal system, analysis of both the energy efficiency and exergy recovery of the storage system and the whole cycle of heat to power is necessary. This study provides this analysis, comparing a two-tank sensible storage system to latent heat shell and tube storage system, using an analytical method, ε-NTU. For the case of molten salt as the PCM and sCO2 as the heat transfer fluid, results show 4.02% higher exergy recovery for the two-tank system at a working temperature range 450–700 °C compared to 450–660 °C for the latent heat storage system where the upper limit is the PCM melting temperature. Compared to the Carnot cycle efficiency (the highest rate of useful energy (exergy) recovery for an isentropic process) of 70%, the overall efficiency of the two-tank system, the base case of molten salt/sCO2, molten salt/Na, and molten metal/sCO2 are 57.41%, 53.39%, 55.21%, and 53.55%, respectively. The gap in efficiency between the sensible and latent heat storage systems decreases by lowering the thermal resistance of heat transfer fluid side and/or the PCM side. Specifically, the gap in efficiency decreases 45% by using liquid Na instead of sCO2 and a 4% decrease is observed when replacing molten salt with a molten metal like aluminium as the PCM. Using PCMs with higher melting temperature is preferred with liquids with high thermal conductivity like Sodium. For a heat transfer fluid such as sCO2 with low thermal conductivity, a higher inlet fluid temperature and/or a low temperature PCM can provide high exergy efficiency. For a specific combination of PCM and heat transfer fluid, an optimal melting temperature exists depending on the inlet temperatures during charging/discharging and the thermophysical properties of the media. The study shows that PCM storage provides opportunities to minimise causes of irreversibilities to achieve simultaneous high volumetric energy density and high exergy recovery for CSP application in comparison with the conventional two-tank sensible storage.

Testing of Solar Power Plant Components Off-Grid Systems and Engineering Economic Analysis at Cemara Island, Brebes Regency, Indonesia

Indonesia is a country that is geographically located right in the equator and variously advantage and the wide for the use of solar energy. Indonesia has a relatively high radiation level, which is 4.80 kWh / m2 / day. Cemara Island is a tourist place but does not have electricity from PLN because access to its location is still difficult to reach. So from that chosen the planning system for the use of electrical energy using solar energy. However, economic analysis is needed so that the estimated weaknesses of the off-grid solar system can be estimated so as to reduce the risk of losses. The testing of each component in the Solar Power Plant system also needs to be done to determine the condition and quality of the components to be used. The economic analysis of the Cemara Island Solar Power Plant System with an initial investment of Rp 52,553,000, in scenario 1 uses interest at 6%, then in scenario 2 without using interest. Through calculations by looking for the value of COE (Energy Cost), NPC (Net Present Cost) and BEP (Break-Even Point), so that costs can be calculated by the manager with the number of 11 managers per month.

170kW Solar Power Plant Microgrid in the Remote Island Indonesia: An overview

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world consisting of 17,508 islands including 9,638 unnamed islands and 6,000 uninhabited islands. The population which increases every year showing the results that there is the migration of people from the large islands to the remote islands and one of the problems of this condition is the optimal electricity supply. Electricity on the island is commonly carried out by diesel engines, so it needed combining the power plant system that reduced the working-load of diesel engines. One of the power plants is a solar power plant which needed to support the government's National Energy Policy (NEP) program in renewable energy. The paper has done by assessing one of the remote islands in Indonesia by identifying the whole power plant system design. The total number of solar power plant capacity installed is 170 kWp and 3 x 240 kW diesel engine. In the Future plan, the project will be made of a Solar Power Plant system that is reliable as a smart grid system and also there is optimizing in the load design. The paper will also identify all possibilities technical aspect that could improve the system becomes a smart grid system in the future.

Spectral Approach to Li–ion Batteries Degradation Rate Estimation

Li–ion batteries are critically important component of modern solar power plant systems with over 30% contribution to the total cost. The uncertainty of Li-ion battery degradation rate is a very important risk source of a solar system. The estimation of degradation rate spectrum is an important practical problem. A two stage approach to degradation spectrum estimation is proposed: on the first stage a probability density is constructed, and on the second stage the signal is averaged with the probability density from the first stage. The problem is reduced to matrix spectrum analysis that does not require a L2 norm to minimize. The technique application is demonstrated on two–stage degradation model and commercial Li-ion battery degradation data.

Integrated assessment for solar-assisted carbon capture and storage power plant by adopting resilience thinking on energy system

Integrating solar-thermal energy into the power plant with post-combustion carbon capture and storage can reduce the energy penalty derived from solvent regeneration. However, few metrics exist to evaluate the trade-off associated with technic, economic and ecological perspectives for different integration schemes of the three subsystems, namely the solar field, power plant and carbon capture system. This paper analysis five configurations of coal-fired power plant with and without solar field as well as CCS technology based on the resilience concept. Still at the budding stage, the status of resilience definitions and evaluation methods related to energy system is reviewed.The resilience level for five configurations of coal-fired power plant both with and without solar-field, together with the CCS system is measured, which takes into consideration five critical characteristics towards resilience: fossil fuel depletion potential (CADP), global warming potential (GWP), levelized cost of energy (LCOE), solar to electricity fraction and spare capacity. Results indicate that among all the configurations, the solar-assisted power generation CCS power plant with 90% capture rate shows the highest resilience level. However, the scheme which utilizes solar energy to assisted solvent regeneration, shows limited advantage in terms of resilience level due to high CADP and LCOE.

Two-step optimization procedure for the conceptual design of A-frame systems for solar power plants

This work presents a two-stage optimization procedure for the conceptual design and operation of A-frame dry cooling systems for concentrated solar power facilities. First, the optimal geometry of the A-frame including sizing, number of fans and blade geometry, and unit parameters such as pipe length, configuration and number is determined. Finally, the operation of the system over a year for minimum energy consumption is computed. The geometry problem is formulated as a mixed-integer non linear programming (MINLP) problem. A tailor-made branch and bound algorithm is used to solve the complex non-linear programming sub-problems. The second problem consists of a multi-period MINLP. A fixed geometry is used to evaluate the usage of fans over time. The solution suggests an apex angle of 63°, one row of 75 pipes of 13.5 m long with a diameter of 3.3 mm, and 4 fans are used but they only operate at full capacity during summer. This design allows reducing the energy required by 20% by using the appropriate pipe configuration and number. The unit consumes around 4% of the energy produced by the CSP plant that serves. It is a promising result that can be affected by plant layout and ground availability.

A Fuzzy Logic-based Tuning Approach of PID Control for Steam Turbines for Solar Applications

Abstract This work aims at improving the control concept based on PID controller by jointly exploiting experience and knowledge on the system behaviour and artificial intelligence. A Concentrated Solar Power Plant (CSPP) system has been modelled and a stability and performance analysis has been carried out, focusing on power control loop, which is normally based on standard PID. A hybrid fuzzy PID approach is proposed to improve the steam turbine governor action and its performance are compared to the classical PID tuned according to three different approaches. Compared to the classic PID, the PID fuzzy logic controller extends the simplicity of PID and adapts the control action at actual operating condition by providing the system with a sort of “decision-making skill”. The possibility to design implementable algorithms on PLC, which have stringent computational speed and memory requirements, has been explicitly taken into account in the developed work.

Technical challenges and future direction for high-efficiency metal hydride thermal energy storage systems

Recently, there has been increasing interest in thermal energy storage (TES) systems for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants, which allow for continuous operation when sunlight is unavailable. Thermochemical energy storage materials have the advantage of much higher energy densities than latent or sensible heat materials. Furthermore, thermochemical energy storage systems based on metal hydrides have been gaining great interest for having the advantage of higher energy densities, better reversibility, and high enthalpies. However, in order to achieve higher efficiencies desired of a thermal storage system by the US Department of Energy, the system is required to operate at temperatures >600 °C. Operation at temperatures >600 °C presents challenges including material selection, hydrogen embrittlement and permeation of containment vessels, appropriate selection of heat transfer fluids, and cost. Herein, the technical difficulties and proposed solutions associated with the use of metal hydrides as TES materials in CSP applications are discussed and evaluated.