Solar Power Management Research Articles

Off-Grid Power Management System using IoT

The "Off-Grid Solar Power Management System Using IoT" project is a solution to address the energy needs of remote and off-grid locations through the integration of renewable solar power and Internet of Things (IoT) technology. In the face of limited access to conventional power sources, this project leverages IoT devices and smart technologies to create a robust energy management system. The system allows for the efficient capture, storage, and distribution of solar energy while enabling real-time monitoring. Key features include data collection on solar panel performance, energy consumption, and user-friendly interfaces accessible through web applications. This project demonstrates the potential to provide sustainable, reliable, and environmentally friendly energy solutions for off grid communities here in Malawi, enhancing their quality of life and contributing to global efforts for clean energy adoption

Decoupled tin-silver batteries with long cycle life and power output stability based on dendrite-free tin anode and halide insertion cathode chemistry.

Conventional Ag-Zn batteries have historically faced the challenge of poor cycling stability, rooting in issues associated with Ag cathode dissolution and Zn anode dendrites. Herein, we present a pioneering decoupled Sn-Ag cell, which features two chambers separated by a cation-exchange membrane, containing a dendrite-free Sn metal anode immersed in an alkaline anolyte, and an Ag nanowires/carbon nanotube 3D thick-network cathode in a neutral catholyte. Benefiting from the achieved high electroplating/stripping stability of the metallic Sn anode in the alkaline electrolyte and the electrochemical reversibility of the Ag/AgCl cathode redox couple in the neutral electrolyte, the assembled decoupled Sn-Ag cell demonstrates superior cycling stability, retaining 82.4% of its initial capacity even after 4000 cycles (2 mA cm-2), significantly outperforming both the contrastive decoupled Ag-Zn cell (1500 cycles) and conventional alkaline Ag-Zn batteries (<100 cycles). Furthermore, through the integration of the decoupled Sn-Ag battery with solar cells and power management circuits, an intelligent power system of photovoltaic charging and energy storage was designed, demonstrating its practical viability through maintenance-free charging-discharging during day-night cycles. This research not only significantly increases the lifespan of Ag-batteries with an ultra-flat voltage platform but also opens avenues for the decoupled design of a wide variety of aqueous battery systems.

Experimental Study to Increase the Autonomy of a UAV by Incorporating Solar Cells

Solar energy is recognized as an alternative to combustion engines to reduce the environmental impact and increase the endurance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This work aims to present a project for a solar UAV to contribute to the mission of the Air Force Academy Research Center and test the energy system on the ground. To achieve this study’s objectives, a literature review on photovoltaic cells (PVCs), batteries, and maximum power point tracking algorithms was conducted. The most appropriate airframe and wing designs for this particular type of flight are then investigated. Following that, the project requirements and mission profile were defined, and the copper indium gallium selenide eFilm cells, a solar power management system (SPMS), avionics, and payload required for the mission were chosen based on them. A methodology for ground testing of solar systems was created and used, achieving an endurance of 7 h and 34 min on an April day. The SPMS achieved an efficiency of around 96%, while PVCs ranged from 11.3 to 14.1%.

Solar powered wireless water quality monitoring system for ornamental fish

Ornamental fish have become a popular pet choice due to their convenience and attractiveness. In order to protect the growth and health of ornamental fish and timely improve the water quality conditions, a solar powered wireless water quality monitoring system for ornamental fish was proposed and developed. The system includes the solar power supply module, sensing module and master control module. The solar power supply module includes the solar panel with solar power management module. The sensing module includes the pH and temperature sensor and the master control unit module includes the microprocessor, data remote transmission unit and the organic light-emitting diode (OLED) screen display. The system sustainability performance, sensing performance, and the system evaluation of the solar powered wireless monitoring system for water quality were analyzed and evaluated. The system could effectively acquire the pH and temperature sensor data in water by solar energy powering and wirelessly transmit to the remote monitoring devices such as the smart phone by WiFi or Bluetooth. The proposed system has a potential application example for many kinds of water quality monitoring by renewable energy harvesting to improve the sustainability and quality.

Interworking between Modbus and internet of things platform for industrial services

In the era of rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT), numerous machine-to-machine technologies have been applied to the industrial domain. Due to the divergence of IoT solutions, the industry is faced with a need to apply various technologies for automation and control. This fact leads to a demand for an establishing interworking mechanism which would allow smooth interoperability between heterogeneous devices. One of the major protocols widely used today in industrial electronic devices is Modbus. However, data generated by Modbus devices cannot be understood by IoT applications using different protocols, so it should be applied in a couple with an IoT service layer platform. oneM2M, a global IoT standard, can play the role of interconnecting various protocols, as it provides flexible tools suitable for building an interworking framework for industrial services. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an interworking architecture between devices working on the Modbus protocol and an IoT platform implemented based on oneM2M standards. In the proposed architecture, we introduce the way to model Modbus data as oneM2M resources, rules to map them to each other, procedures required to establish interoperable communication, and optimization methods for this architecture. We analyze our solution and provide an evaluation by implementing it based on a solar power management use case. The results demonstrate that our model is feasible and can be applied to real case scenarios.

Applications of solar PV tree systems with different design aspects and performance assessment

ABSTRACT Solar energy is deemed as the most abundant, reliable, eco-friendly and totally free resource of energy. There is a wide range of techniques to harness solar energy for different purposes. Among all the available methods, direct conversion of sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic (PV) phenomenon is the most mature and popular process. Progress of PV technology in market is perspicuous; however, it has still some drawbacks such as notable land requirement in cities, energy conversion efficiencies that already reached the theoretical limits and social acceptance issues due to aesthetic details. To overcome the aforesaid challenges, solar PV tree concept has been recently developed, and the simplicity, compact structure and elegance of this novel technology have been in the focus of researchers. Within the scope of this review, the concept of solar PV tree has been extensively investigated in terms of various design aspects and potential applications. Current performance characteristics of solar PV tree systems and power management strategies in real applications have been discussed. Challenges involved with the solar PV tree technology have also been addressed as well as suggestions on the direction of further works.

System Modeling and Reliability Assessment of Microgrids: A Review

The world today is plagued with problems of increased transmission and distribution (T&amp;D) losses leading to poor reliability due to power outages and an increase in the expenditure on electrical infrastructure. To address these concerns, technology has evolved to enable the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) like solar, wind, diesel and biomass energy into small scale self-governing power system zones which are known as micro-grids (MGs). A de-centralised approach for modern power grid systems has led to an increased focus on distributed energy resources and demand response. MGs act as complete power system units albeit on a small scale. However, this does not prevent them from large operational sophistication allowing their independent functioning in both grid-connected and stand-alone modes. MGs provide greater reliability as compared to the entire system owing to the large amount of information secured from the bulk system. They comprise numerous sources like solar, wind, diesel along with storage devices and converters. Several modeling schemes have been devised to reduce the handling burden of large scale systems. This paper gives a detailed review of MGs and their architecture, state space representation of wind energy conversion systems &amp; solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, operating modes and power management in a MG and its impact on a distribution network.

Overview on metamaterial: History, types and applications

Metamaterial has received great interest during the last ten years in distinct field, owing of its key characteristics such as enhancement in bandwidth, radiated power, directivity and controls the direction of electromagnetic radiation. It is a smart or a new class of manmade invented materials that can achieve electromagnetic properties that do not occur naturally, such as electromagnetic cloaking or negative index of refraction. These materials exhibit negative value of permittivity, permeability and refractive index. In addition, metamaterial extract their properties from their structure rather than the material of which they are composed of. Further, these materials exhibit excellent design flexibility with their customized properties and their tunability under external stimuli. Due to these attractive properties, metamaterials have enabled the development of new devices and concepts and possible utilization in diverse novel applications. Thus, metamaterials find wide application in medical sector, automotive, aerospace, and many other devices (biosensor, crowd control, absorbers, antennas, optical filters, infrastructure monitoring, smart solar power management, energy harvesters and even shielding structure from earthquakes etc). Hence the aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of different metamaterial, historical development and their applications in different sectors. In addition, perspective about the challenges and future scope for development of metamaterial is also presented, so that this article could become the torch bearer for the new researchers working in the area of advanced materials.

Design of a smart energy efficient IoT wireless node

The Internet of Things (IoT) is gaining greater effect in our life from day to day. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are embedded into the “Internet of Things” and power saving is one of the problems that it faces. This study introduces a new circuit design for a DC-DC Buck-Boost converter for controlling the output voltage of Energy Harvester (EH) via adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) controller. It has proven that there is an effective changes regarding settling time almost being zero, overshoot being negligible and steady state voltage. As an application for the proposed design, an implementation for Precision Agriculture (PA) self-sustainable Wireless Sensor-Node (WS-N) with low power consumption has been presented. A solar power management for Precision agricultural in internet of things system proved to enhance cost-efficiency and increased lifetime for the device. The simulation results are determined by means that of MATLAB/Simulink software. The cloud service of Blynk IoT has been implemented to monitor the collected data on real time. Data on solar cells, batteries and soil were regarded reliable and precise.

Solar Power Generation, Utilization and Management for facilitating Sustainable Development in India:Review

The approach of the paper is to present a review of solar power generation, utilization and its management for facilitating sustainable development in India. It briefs about the allusive estimation of the solar energy and its utilization. The Solar Energy is a gigantic energy source that can be used for any of the day-to-day requirements, including engineering, the refrigeration, the water heating, the heat of industrial processes, transportation and sustainable production and even for the cleaning of environment. The solar radiation is the purest and cleanest form of the energy where no mass is attached, and it can be converted in to any forms easily. The solar energy that falls on the surface of the earth is sufficient to provide solution to all our requirements on this planet. Among all the sectors of India, power sector is largest one which is important for the growth of Indian economy. There is perpetual and rising demand of power in the all the sectors. So, to meet the increasing demand and to overcome the shortage of power, generation of power by renewable energy source is must for sustainability in this field. In the today’s scenario, generation of power from renewable energy source is necessary as compared to non-renewable energy sources. This paper emphasizes on the the scope of generation, usage and its management for sustainable development of India.

Grid Synchronization and Islanding Detection Control Algorithm for Two-stage Three-phase SPV System

ABSTRACT Integration of distributed energy sources (DER) with the conventional grid through power electronic interface has emerged as a boon for reliable and good quality power to end-users. The existing control algorithms for the power electronic interface are normally feedback algorithms which help in grid synchronization and effective power dispatch. In this work, an adaptive feedforward-feedback control algorithm is proposed for optimal solar power management of two-stage three-phase grid-integrated solar photovoltaic (SPV) system. Proposed control algorithm enables feeding of SPV energy to load and into the grid, and also act to balance grid currents, compensates reactive power, eliminates harmonics and protect load and source during adverse islanding condition. Phase-locked loop (PLL) used in the feedback part of the algorithm facilitates the effective synchronization of the SPV system. Asymmetric fuzzy logic control (FLC) is used for DC-link voltage stabilization during load variation. Feedforward algorithm ensures fast dynamic response for variable atmospheric and grid operating conditions. Moreover, for protection of SPV arrays and the loads coupled at point of common coupling (PCC), islanding detection followed by interfacing inverter shutdown feature is added in the proposed algorithm. Quantitative analysis of the system is provided in order to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The effectiveness of the algorithm is evaluated using simulation studies performed on MATLAB/ Simulink software.

A review on solar forecasting and power management approaches for energy‐harvesting wireless sensor networks

SummaryFor rechargeable wireless sensor nodes, effective power management is of prime importance because of the stochastic behaviour of the environmental resources. A key issue in integrating solar resources with wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is the need of precise irradiance measurements and power to resource modelling. WSNs are employed in an adhoc manner comprises of numerous sensing nodes and organised as a network for the sake of checking and balancing the environmental factors. Each node has sensing, computation, communication, and locomotion capabilities but operates with limited battery life. Energy harvesting is a way of powering these WSNs by harvesting energy from the environment. By considering harvested energy as an energy source, certain considerations are different from that of battery‐operated networks. Nondeterministic energy availability with respect to time is the reason behind these differences, which put a limit on the maximum rate at which energy can be used. Thus, reliable knowledge of solar radiation is essential for informed design, deployment planning, and optimal management of energy in rechargeable WSNs. Further, power management is essential in self‐powerssed networks to efficiently utilize the available energy. In this paper, a detailed survey on different solar forecasting techniques has been presented for precise energy estimates. A detailed study on energy efficient power management techniques is also proposed to address the feasibility of energy‐harvesting approach in WSNs.

Prediction and management of solar energy to power electrochemical processes for the treatment of wastewater effluents

A highly versatile software tool able to predict and manage the solar power coming from photovoltaic panels and to assess the environmental remediation of wastewater effluents has been developed. The prediction software tool is made up of four modules. The first one predicts the solar radiation by a phenomenological model. Secondly, an energy optimization algorithm manages the solar power towards the third and fourth modules, an environmental remediation treatment (electrooxidation) and an energy storage system (redox flow battery), respectively. The software tool is aimed to the best solar power management to obtain the highest remediation treatment. Results shows a daily solar radiation prediction with a high accuracy, attaining correlation coefficients of 0.89. Furthermore, the prediction of the removal of an organochlorinated compound from a wastewater effluent at different time of the year was studied. Different percentages of the total solar power are sent directly to the electrooxidation reactor and to the redox flow battery. At non-solar production hours, the electrooxidation reactor is powered by the redox flow battery in order to exploit the total solar power produced. The results show that, the higher the solar radiation, the higher the power percentage that must be directly sent to the electrooxidation treatment in order to attain the best energy management and the higher remediation. Thus, an 82.5% of the total solar power must be sent to the electrooxidation treatment in summer days in contrast to the 25% that have to be powered in winter days to attain the highest removal of pollutant.Consequently, it is important to evaluate the connection between devices to get the best green energy management and the lower energy losses.

Redefining smartness in township with Internet of Things &amp; Artificial Intelligence: Dholera city

Internet of Things (IoT) with Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the virtue to address the key challenges encountered by the excessive Urban population; contributing to water management, waste management, energy crisis, and many such affairs. The urban city has reached the level of water scarcity with no adequate water supply. The lack of interconnectivity within the city also leads to severe consequences, such as delayed responses to emergency situations along with irregular traffic and infrastructure management. “Dholera” the futuristic city attempt to solve these issues. Dholera is the biggest and India’s first upcoming greenfield smart city solution developed under the Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor (DMIC) project in Gujarat, India. We have analyzed a few domains from this township project, to mention a few - Water Management, Waste Management, City Integrated Operation Centre (CIOC) and City portal. This paper spotlights on the novel ideas enhancing the smart city features and the working. Automating the city resources using futuristic technologies like big data analytics, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) would make the city well-functioning. In Dholera city, various sensors are mounted and interconnected to collect the data, monitor it, and communicate the values for dynamic action(s). Dholera has AI-based urban transportation, smart grids, renewable energy, solar power, waste and water management, along with urban farming, contributing to a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions and improving energy, water and managing traffic issues effectively. Smart cities are well classified as the growth bar contributing to the universal economy. This paper presents various models making the Dholera city a Fast Responsive, Sustainable, Intelligent and well-connected township.

Scoping the potential usefulness of seasonal climate forecasts for solar power management

Solar photovoltaic energy is widespread worldwide and particularly in Europe, which became in 2016 the first region in the world to pass the 100 GW of installed capacity. As with all the renewable energy sources, for an effective management of solar power, it is essential to have reliable and accurate information about weather/climate conditions that affect the production of electricity. Operations in the solar energy industry are normally based on daily (or intra-daily) forecasts. Nevertheless, information about the incoming months can be relevant to support and inform operational and maintenance activities.This paper discusses a methodology to assess whether a seasonal climate forecast can provide a useful prediction for a specific sector, in this paper the European solar power industry. After evaluating the quality of the forecasts in providing probabilistic information for solar radiation, we describe how to assess their potential usefulness for a generic user by proposing an approach that takes into account not only their accuracy but also other potentially relevant factors. This approach is called index of opportunity and is then illustrated by presenting an example for the European solar power sector. The index of opportunity provides indications about where and when seasonal climate forecasts can benefit the decision-making in the photovoltaic sector. Even more importantly, it suggests an approach on how to evaluate their usefulness for the user's decision-making. This approach has the advantage of not limiting the definition of the usefulness only to the quality of the forecasts but rather considering, in an explicit way, all the factors that must be combined with the forecast's quality to define what is useful or not for the user.

Solar power management with super capacitor in GSM network monitoring application system

Solar power management with super capacitor in GSM network monitoring application system

Design of Solar Power Management Circuit Based on Wireless Sensor Network

To explore the design of solar power management circuit, the fuzzy logic control algorithm based on MPPT (max power point tracking), which has fast control speed and good environment robustness, is adopted as the control algorithm. In addition, the MPPT solar battery charge and discharge power management circuit is designed and successfully applied in the on-line measurement projects of dielectric loss of wireless sensor network in Jilin Province LG Electronics Company. The results show that the charging efficiency of solar battery charge and discharge power management circuit can reach above 80%, and the current of static power management circuit is less than 1mA. In different light intensities, the dynamic power management is intelligently carried out. At last, it is concluded that the stability and reliability of circuit are quite high.

Efficient Solar Power Management System for Self-Powered IoT Node

An efficient micro-scale solar power management architecture for self-powered Internet-of-Things node is presented in this paper. The proposed architecture avoids the linear regulator and presents a complete on-chip switched capacitor based power converter in order to achieve higher end-to-end efficiency. Unlike traditional architectures, where the harvested energy processes twice, the proposed architecture processes the harvested energy only once before it reaches to the load circuit, irrespective of the ambient conditions. The system efficiency has been improved by ~12% over the traditional architecture. The entire power management system has been designed using 0.18-μm CMOS technology node, and the circuit simulations demonstrate that the proposed architectural changes bring in a system efficiency of 82.4% under different light conditions. In addition to that, a hardware setup is created using commercially available ICs and photovoltaic cells, to validate that the proposed power management system is practically realizable.

Selection of the InSight Landing Site

The selection of the Discovery Program InSight landing site took over four years from initial identification of possible areas that met engineering constraints, to downselection via targeted data from orbiters (especially Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Context Camera (CTX) and High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images), to selection and certification via sophisticated entry, descent and landing (EDL) simulations. Constraints on elevation ( ${\leq}{-}2.5 \mbox{km}$ for sufficient atmosphere to slow the lander), latitude (initially 15°S–5°N and later 3°N–5°N for solar power and thermal management of the spacecraft), ellipse size (130 km by 27 km from ballistic entry and descent), and a load bearing surface without thick deposits of dust, severely limited acceptable areas to western Elysium Planitia. Within this area, 16 prospective ellipses were identified, which lie ∼600 km north of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover. Mapping of terrains in rapidly acquired CTX images identified especially benign smooth terrain and led to the downselection to four northern ellipses. Acquisition of nearly continuous HiRISE, additional Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS), and High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) images, along with radar data confirmed that ellipse E9 met all landing site constraints: with slopes <15° at 84 m and 2 m length scales for radar tracking and touchdown stability, low rock abundance (<10 %) to avoid impact and spacecraft tip over, instrument deployment constraints, which included identical slope and rock abundance constraints, a radar reflective and load bearing surface, and a fragmented regolith ∼5 m thick for full penetration of the heat flow probe. Unlike other Mars landers, science objectives did not directly influence landing site selection.

An 18 nA, 87% Efficient Solar, Vibration and RF Energy-Harvesting Power Management System With a Single Shared Inductor

We present a modular power management system that can harvest energy from three sources simultaneously, with available power levels of 25 nW to $100~\mu \text {W}$ , with one inductor. The DC-DC converter is clocked with energize and dump pulses, and the pulse-widths are generated for constant peak inductor current and for no reversal, without current sensing. We use a comparator to reach the open-circuit-voltage (OCV)-based maximum power point (MPP), and train an oscillator to mimic the comparator output. The oscillator frequency is tuned through a successive-approximation algorithm within 11 comparator cycles. The 180 nm chip has a maximum efficiency of 87% at an input available power of $20~\mu \text {W}$ (input voltage of 0.6 V), and has an output voltage of 1.5 V.