Solar Power Generation Technology Research Articles

Design of 600 WP Solar Power Plant for Juice Vendors Through Off-Grid System

Solar power plants (PLTS) generate electricity from the energy of solar photons. Solar cells, or solar cells made of crystalline silicon, are examples of solar panels that generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect. Thus, the construction of solar power plants (PLTS) is one of the right choices to save energy. The purpose of this study is to utilize the energy that is owned and to introduce it to the surrounding community. The community has widely used solar power generation (PLTS) technology, one of the main components of solar power plants is solar photovoltaic technology, which is used to operate juice blenders, cup sealers, and energy-efficient lighting. PLTS functions as an alternative energy source to help juice traders. Based on solar energy for this off-grid system, it has a power capacity of 3 x 200 WP. This monocrystalline solar panel also has a 300 Ah VRLA battery, a 2000 W inverter, and a 50 A solar charger controller (SCC). In addition, the PLTS off-grid system for juice traders has blender equipment, cup sealers, and lighting with an average power rating of 600 Watts. With an efficiency calculation of 80%, this system can be fully used to support business operations. This study is to develop and Design a 600-watt peak Solar Power Plant using an off-grid system for juice vendors that costs Rp. 22,000,000, including all essential components and services needed to ensure that the system can operate properly

Research on Financial Performance Evaluation and Risk Governance of Photovoltaic Enterprises Under the Whole Industry Chain Model

As China puts forward the strategic development goals of “carbon peak” and “carbon neutrality”, the demand for clean energy is increasing day by day. Solar energy-based power generation technology has developed rapidly in recent years and has become increasingly mature. The competition among photovoltaic companies has gradually intensified. At present, most leading enterprises in the photovoltaic industry are extending to the integration of the industrial chain, and the whole industrial chain strategy has become the mainstream strategic direction. Based on the above situation, from the perspective of the industrial chain, this paper selects the three leading enterprises in the photovoltaic industry, evaluates and analyzes their financial performance after the entire industrial chain model, and then explores the possible risks in the entire industrial chain model of photovoltaic enterprises, and puts forward the suggestions of governance risks.

A Parameter Optimization Design and Numerical Calculation Method for Circular Heliostat Field

Solar energy is a low-carbon, eco-friendly, clean energy source that is easily converted into heat and electricity, making the study of solar thermal power generation technology of great significance and with broad application prospects. To improve the performance of solar power plants, it is necessary to reasonably arrange the light reflectors. Both denser heliostats are needed to ensure enough light can be concentrated into the solar collector, thereby improving the power of the power station; at the same time, waste of material must be prevented, striving to increase output thermal power per unit mirror area. This paper is based on the background of the 2023 CUMCM Problem A. Firstly, it analyzes parameters such as the optical efficiency of the original heliostat field, the annual average output power, and the annual average thermal power output per unit mirror area. Secondly, based on the data provided in the appendix, it analyzes the distribution pattern of the heliostat field and establishes an optimization design model for the heliostat field. Next, the optimization design model of the heliostat field is solved using discrete numerical calculation methods. Finally, according to the results of the model solution, the placement positions of the heliostats, the size of the mirrors, and the installation height are adjusted to improve the annual average thermal power output per unit mirror area, thereby achieving an optimized design of the heliostat field.

Thermodynamic Analysis of a Cogeneration System Combined with Heat, Cold, and Electricity Based on the Supercritical CO2 Power Cycle

The supercritical CO2 power cycle driven by solar as a new generation of solar thermal power generation technology has drawn significant attention worldwide. In this paper, a cogeneration system derived from a supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton cycle is proposed, by considering the recovery of waste heat from the turbine outlet. The absorption refrigeration cycle is powered by the medium-temperature waste heat from the turbine outlet, while the low-temperature waste heat is employed for heating, achieving the cascaded utilization of the heat from the turbine outlet. As for the proposed combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system, a dynamic model was built and verified in MATLAB R2021b/Simulink. Under design conditions, values for the energy utilization factor (EUF) and exergy efficiency of the cogeneration system were obtained. Moreover, the thermodynamic performances of the system were investigated in variable cooling/heating load and irradiation conditions. Compared with the reference system, it is indicated that the energy utilization factor (EUF) and exergy efficiency are 84.7% and 64.8%, which are improved by 11.5% and 10.3%. The proposed supercritical CO2 CCHP system offers an effective solution for the efficient utilization of solar energy.

Study on Multivariable Dynamic Matrix Control for a Novel Solar Hybrid STIGT System

To construct a clean and efficient energy system, advanced solar thermal power generation technology is developed, i.e., a solar hybrid STIGT (Steam Injected Gas Turbine) system with near zero water supply. Such a system is conducive to the efficient use of solar energy and water resources, and to improvement of the performance of the overall system. Given that the strong correlation between multiple-input and multiple-output of the new system, the MDMC (Multivariable Dynamic Matrix Control) method is proposed as an alternative to a PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controller to meet requirements in achieving better control characteristics for a complex power system. First, based on MATLAB/Simulink, a dynamic model of the novel system is established. Then it is validated by both experimental and literature data, yielding an error no more than 5%. Subsequently, simulation results demonstrate that the overshoot of output power on MDMC is 1.2%, lower than the 3.4% observed with the PID controller. This improvement in stability, along with a reduction in settling time and peak time by over 50%, highlights the excellent potential of the MDMC in controlling overshoot and settling time in the novel system, while providing enhanced stability, rapidity, and accuracy in the regulation and control of distribution networks.

Application analysis based on solar grid-connected photovoltaic power generation and intermittent energy storage system

Solar photovoltaic power generation as a building electrical professional in the energy use of important technical means, through the realisation of photovoltaic conversion, can be a large amount of light energy transmission to the building application, once the electrical energy surplus is too much, but also can be transmitted to the power grid use. Based on this, the article takes the solar photovoltaic power generation system as the basis, comprehensively analyses the operation principle and basic characteristics of solar photovoltaic power generation, summarizes the main influencing factors of grid-connected solar photovoltaic power generation, as well as the impact of grid-connected solar photovoltaic power generation on the grid, and researches on applying automation technology to solar photovoltaic power generation, such as photovoltaic buildings, DC inverters, reactive power compensation, etc., so as to comprehensively improve the grid-connected solar photovoltaic power generation efficiency and provide a constant source of energy for buildings. Solar thermal power generation technology is another kind of solar power generation technology besides photovoltaic power generation. It is a renewable energy generation method that integrates solar thermal conversion power generation, large-scale heat storage and the characteristics of power grid synchronmachine. According to the influence of different intermittent heat load fluctuation characteristics on the design of solar heat collection and heat storage system, the design method of heat collection and heat storage of intermittent solar heating system is established. The operation characteristics of solar energy system in three typical intermittent heating modes are compared and analyzed. It provides the design method and operation optimization strategy for the efficient utilization of solar heating system.

Comparative thermoeconomic assessment of renewable-driven hybrid-cooled sustainable greenhouses for subtropical regions

The rapid population growth in subtropical regions and heavy reliance on food imports have led to many countries facing food insecurity. In subtropical regions, the combination of high ambient temperatures, intense solar radiation, lack of fertile soil, and limited freshwater resources create an inadequate environment for agriculture production. Without sustainable and innovative solutions, cultivation in subtropical regions will become energy-intensive, expensive, and susceptible, if not entirely unattainable. Therefore, this research work delves into assessing the thermoeconomic performance of 10 renewable-driven hybrid-cooled greenhouse integrated systems based on different solar power generation technologies, cooling cycles, and desalination systems. Four greenhouse configurations are simulated: Closed greenhouse, shaded greenhouse, buried greenhouse, and buried and shaded greenhouse. Firstly, passive cooling techniques' potential to reduce active-cooled greenhouse cooling demand and water usage was investigated, taking into account the need to provide crops with adequate environmental temperature, solar irradiation, and ventilation. Secondly, a detailed thermodynamic analysis was conducted to obtain the overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the investigated greenhouse integrated systems. Thirdly, a comparison of solar panels area requirement for the greenhouse integrated systems was performed. Finally, a comprehensive life cycle cost analysis of the examined integrated systems for the hybrid-cooled greenhouses was done to compare their economic performance. The results showed that the adopted passive cooling methods reduced yearly cooling load by 34.2–58.1%, evapotranspiration during maximum cooling load day by 17.4–34.1%, solar panels area by 8.5–32.1%, and integrated systems' life cycle cost by 5.6–28.6%. Greenhouse integrated systems powered by photovoltaic panels obtained the lowest life cycle cost, while greenhouse integrated system-4 driven by concentrating photovoltaic thermal panels was found superior in terms of panels area.

Experimental study of the thermal insulation performance of phase-change ventilated roofs

In order to improve the thermal insulation effect of the PCM in the hot summer environment, this paper applies a combination of phase change energy storage technology, ventilation technology, and solar power generation technology. The zero energy operation of the device is realised while improving the roof insulation effect. In addition, three experimental models of the same size were constructed and the ventilation layer was innovatively designed. The experimental studies were carried out under two different conditions of outdoor environment measurement and indoor environment simulation for three consecutive days. The results show that the temperature of the inner surface of the roof and the indoor air temperature of Model 3 are lower than that of Model 2 under both experimental conditions, while the temperature of the inner surface of the roof and the indoor air temperature of Model 2 are lower than that of Model 1. In addition, the thermal performance of Model 3, such as the maximum reduction of the indoor temperature (MTR), the decay factor (DF), the time lag coefficient (TL), and the reduction of the heat flux (HFR), is also significantly better than that of Model 2. Moreover, the energy saving rate of Model 3 can reach 59.4%, which is 10% lower than that of Model 2. In conclusion, the new phase change ventilated roof proposed in this paper has better energy saving effect.

Performance comparison of three supercritical CO2 solar thermal power systems with compressed fluid and molten salt energy storage

In recent years, the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) Brayton cycle power generation system has gradually attracted the attention of academics as a solar thermal power generation technology. To achieve the stable and effective use of solar energy, three sCO2 solar power generation systems were studied in this paper. These systems included a molten salt thermal storage system, a compressed CO2 energy storage system, and a combined molten salt thermal storage and compressed CO2 energy storage system. The thermodynamic analysis model of the sCO2 power generation system is constructed, and a mathematical model of the solar power tower system is produced. The operating conditions, thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, and economics of these three systems on typical days are investigated and compared. The results indicate that the power generation system coupled with compressed CO2 storage has higher thermal and exergy efficiencies than the other two systems with the same daily heliostat field. The thermal efficiencies can be as high as 6.56% and 5.91% respectively, and the exergy efficiencies as high as 5.76% and 6.22% respectively. The system coupled with compressed CO2 energy storage is more cost-effective and has a shorter payback period than the system coupled with molten salt thermal storage system and the system with both forms of energy storage.

Experimental Investigation of Soapstone and Granite Rocks as Energy-Storage Materials for Concentrated Solar Power Generation and Solar Drying Technology.

The intermittence of solar energy resource in concentrated solar power (CSP) generation and solar drying applications can be mitigated by employing thermal energy storage materials. Natural rocks are well recommended thermal energy storage materials as they are efficient for CSP generation. This study explores the potential of soapstone rock and also the influence of the sites' geo-tectonic setting to soapstone and granite rocks as thermal energy storage materials. Experimental characterization was done to investigate the thermo-chemical properties (thermal stability (TGA), crystalline phases (XRD), petrographic imaging and chemical composition (XRF), and high temperature test); the thermo-physical properties (density, porosity, specific and thermal capacity (DSC), thermal diffusivity, and conductivities (LFA)); and the thermo-mechanical properties (Young's modulus) of the rocks. Consequently, the rock with the most desired properties for thermal energy storage was the soapstone rock from the Craton geo-tectonic setting and it had a Young's modulus of 135 GPa at room temperature. At solar drying and CSP temperatures it had thermal capacities of 3.28 MJ/(m3·K) and 4.65 MJ/(m3·K); densities of 2.785 g/cm3 and 2.77 g/cm3; and conductivities of 2.56 W/(m·K) and 2.43 W/(m·K) respectively, and had weight loss of 0.75% at 900 °C. At high temperatures, only granite from Craton had visible cracks while the other 3 rocks did not show visible signs of fracture. Conclusively, soapstone and granite from Craton in the Dodoma region and Usagaran in the Iringa geo-tectonic settings exhibit significant differences in most thermo-properties.

A Deep Learning-Based Surface Defects Detection and Color Classification Method for Solar Cells

In recent years, solar photovoltaic-based power generation technology has become the key planning direction of many countries around the world. In the process of making solar cells, the quality inspection requirements are very particular, such as physical damages, surface scratches, broken grids and microcracks. In traditional factory production, the detection of the above defects requires professional inspectors to carry out visual inspection, which often leads to low detection efficiency, subjective assumption and fatigue, as well as some detection errors. In recent years, the rapid development of computer vision makes it possible to be used to detect the defects in solar cells. To overcome existing barriers, this paper proposes a method for detecting surface defects in solar cells based on deep neural network. Specifically, a specified image segmentation model named U-Net is developed for this purpose. By automatically segmenting little objects using the proposed recognition approach, surface defects detection can be realized. At last, we use a set of experiments on images from real scenes to verify the proposed method.

Assessing the environmental impact of renewable energy systems: A comparative study of wind, solar, and hydroelectric power generation technologies

Assessing the environmental impact of renewable energy systems: A comparative study of wind, solar, and hydroelectric power generation technologies

A Monte Carlo Enhanced PSO Algorithm for Optimization Design of Heliostat Field

Tower solar thermal power generation technology is a new low-carbon and environmentally friendly clean energy technology. In this paper, based on Monte Carlo algorithm model and particle swarm optimization PSO algorithm, the optimization model of heliostatic mirror field is constructed, which is of great practical significance for effectively improving the collection and conversion efficiency of solar energy and promoting the sustainable development of clean energy.

Experimental study on the super-hydrophobic coating performance for solar photovoltaic modules at different wind directions

Currently, solar photovoltaic power generation technology is developing rapidly around the world to achieve the objective of carbon neutrality. The deposition of dust on solar photovoltaic modules is one of the main reasons for the decline in power generation efficiency. To identify the factors affecting dust deposition, scholars have conducted numerous outdoor experiments or numerical simulations. However, there are still few studies conducted in an indoor setting. Also, there is a lack of investigation into the effect of wind direction on dust deposition. In this paper, three indoor wind tunnel experiments are designed. Considering the characteristics of wind speed, tilt angle and wind direction, the performance of super-hydrophobic coatings is evaluated. The results show that the density of dust deposition on the photovoltaic module decreases with the increase of tile angle when it faces the wind, with the dust-proof efficiency of the super-hydrophobic coating reaching a maximum of 94.43% at 75°. At the same time, the density of dust deposition increases with wind speed, and the dust-proof efficiency is 28.81% at maximum when the wind speed is 1.2 m/s. In addition, the density of dust deposition gradually declines with wind direction, and the dust-proof efficiency reaches 65.85% at maximum when the photovoltaic module faces the wind. Therefore, the use of super-hydrophobic coatings can significantly reduce the dust deposition on photovoltaic modules and improve the efficiency of photoelectric conversion.

Perspectives for Expansion of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Generation Technologies in Brazil

The world is moving towards a low-carbon economy through renewable energy sources. In this context, concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies can exploit the rich solar resource in Brazil, diversifying the national electricity mix. The aim of this paper is to support the insertion of CSP generation in the Brazilian bottom-up model MATRIZ by analyzing the environmental performance of three CSP technologies: (i) solar tower power (STP) with a thermal storage system (TSS) of 7.5 h; (ii) solar thermal parabolic trough (STPT) with a TSS of 6 h; and (iii) STPT without TSS. From a life cycle perspective, their freshwater consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are addressed by employing the software SimaPro, the Ecoinvent database, and the ReCiPe 2016 method, as well as information from the system advisory model (SAM) and the literature. As a result, STP is the most environmentally sound CSP alternative, presenting lower GHG emissions and water consumption than the two STPT technologies. In general, CSP generation proves to be more environmentally attractive than some fossil-fired power plants and renewable energy sources. Moreover, moving the manufacturing of CSP technologies to Brazil has the potential to reduce GHG emissions from the upstream processes of their value chain.

Output energy distribution potential enabled by a nanofluid-assisted hybrid generator

Beam splitting is an accessible approach for the thermal decoupling of photovoltaic (PV) and photothermal (PT) modules. Generally, recovering the thermal energy enables us to enhance the high-grade power output via a thermoelectric generator (TEG). However, PV/T systems with thin-film filters are in despair of stability and efficiency. Herein, we introduce a hybrid electricity generator integrating PV generation, waste heat power generation, and residual heat storage with the assistance of a liquid beam splitter (LBS). The unavailable solar energy for the PV cell will be absorbed by the nanofluid in the LBS, and transferred to the hot junction of the TEG. Moreover, the residual heat flows back to the heat storage tank and re-enters the LBS. For this strategy, the current density of the TEG exceeds 50% of the total output electricity and relatively increases by ∼2.55 times if the cooling temperature decreases from 25 to 5 °C. Importantly, the hybrid device not only responds quickly to the change in operating conditions but has great potential to resist solar energy fluctuation. This novel hybrid electricity generator is expected to promote the development of sustainable solar power generation technology, especially in cold regions.

Smart Solar‐Panel Umbrella toward High‐Efficient Hybrid Solar and Rain Energy Harvesting

Solar photovoltaic power generation technology is the top priority of the global energy development strategy. Although the photoelectric conversion efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells is as high as 33.7%, the power generation efficiency is relatively low or even unable to generate power normally under low‐light environments such as rainy weather and a cloudy day. Herein, a smart solar panel umbrella system with an auto open and close function is realized by integrating a polysilicon solar cell module and an interdigitated electrode structure triboelectric nanogenerator (IDE–TENG) toward hybrid solar and rain energy harvesting. The output performances of the IDE–TENG are systematically investigated and optimized by regulating the dielectric thickness, inclination angle of IDE–TENG, and various drip types. On this basis, combined with the solar module, the function of auto open and close for the smart solar panel system is realized by a 32‐bit microcontroller and a raindrop sensor, which can be automatically switched as the weather changes and maintain high power conversion efficiency of 19.61% of the solar cell. This smart solar panel umbrella system can be used as a self‐powered supply for all‐weather landscape lighting to save the utilization of fossil energy and contribute in the realization of carbon neutrality.

Assessment and Rational Utilization Analysis of Regional Solar Power Resources

Since the beginning of the new century, the world has been more and more caught in the dilemma of sharp deterioration of the environment and increasing shortage of energy. People have become more and more aware of the importance of new energy and clean energy. Solar power is recognized as an absolutely clean and renewable energy. Developing and utilizing solar power can effectively solve various problems such as energy shortage and environmental pollution. Firstly, this paper elaborates the distribution of solar power resources in China, and introduces the industrial application status of solar photothermal effect and photovoltaic effect in China. Then, the assessment and rational utilization of regional solar power resources are analyzed and discussed. Finally, some problems existing in the solar power industry in China are pointed out, and some suggestions on how to promote the rational utilization of regional solar power resources are put forward: building solar houses, promoting the application of vacuum tube collectors, flat and focused collectors, making full use of solar power generation technology, etc. This paper is expected to provide some reference for related research.

Coupling effect between heat flux distribution and buoyancy of supercritical CO2 heat transfer with nonuniform heat flux in parabolic-trough collector

To promote the development of concentrating solar power generation technology using supercritical CO2 (sCO2), the heat transfer under non-uniform heat flux in the parabolic-trough collector was numerically simulated with emphasis on the coupling effect of the heat flux distribution, the property variations and the buoyancy effect. The non-uniform heat flux effect was first analyzed by comparing with two typical uniform heat flux conditions, which showed that the non-uniform heat flux reduced the overall heat transfer rate below that of the average uniform heat flux. Neither the average nor the maximum heat flux predictions could accurately reflect the heat transfer uniformity characteristics with the non-uniform heat flux. The circumferential non-uniformity was underestimated even with the maximum heat flux. Then, the analysis of the interaction between property variations and buoyancy effect showed that the use of sCO2 improves the heat transfer rate. The buoyancy effect dominates in modifying the flow field, which always enlarges the difference between top and bottom. The specific heat and viscosity variation effects are canceled out by the thermal conductivity variation. The buoyancy presents a negative effect on heat transfer when acting alone, but improves the heat transfer ability and their uniformity when coupled with the other property variations. Finally, the heat flux distribution effect coupled with the buoyancy effect was analyzed through changing the solar elevation angles. The maximum heat transfer coefficient is always located near the tube bottom due to the secondary flow effect. The circumferential non-uniformity increases with increasing Δθ as the relationship between heat flux distribution and the buoyancy effects change from competing to synergistic.

Monitoring of Voltage and Load Current Integration of Solar Panels with Electric Grids Android-Based

Energy has been a human need since ancient times which has been an indicator of prosperity. However, that doesn't mean there won't be problems. The longer the petroleum reserves are getting depleted, so sooner or later humans must make more use of non-fossil alternative energy. An example is solar energy whose availability will never run out. Therefore, the application of Solar Power Generation (PLTS) technology to utilize its energy potential. The goal of the project is to develop a system for integrating solar power with electrical grids that can track the voltage and current of the applied load. The PZEM004T sensor produces an accuracy of 99.4 percent on the voltage variable test, which compares favorably with the ACS712 current sensor's accuracy of 97.8 percent. The lowest light intensity measured in the current variable test is 24351 lux with an output voltage of 17.32V at the time range between 4-5 pm, and the highest is 103901 lux with an output voltage of 18.9V at the time range between 11-12 am. Accuracy is 98.5 percent with light loads and 99.2 percent when the charger is used. Relays' ability to switch between resources has been tested, and the results have met expectations.