Solar Energy Market Research Articles

СТАН ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ВИРОБНИЦТВА ТА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ СОНЯЧНОЇ ЕНЕРГІЇ

The article is devoted to the analysis of the modern post-war state of legal regulation of the production and sale of solar energy in Ukraine, namely the public-law aspects of the relevant sphere of legislation. The national legislation on solar energy was evaluated and it was found that since the introduction of martial law at the state level, a number of important actions have been taken in the direction of reforming and developing the legislative framework in the field of production and sale of solar energy. The problems of public and legal support for the development of solar energy are traced. The system of legal protection of solar energy requires changes in the part of tax and customs legislation regarding the legislative stimulation of the development of solar energy. The need to develop a national strategy for the development of alternative energy, in particular solar energy, as a tool for replacing and modernizing the outdated Soviet energy infrastructure, which suffered as a result of the aggression of the Russian Federation, is proven. The "green" tariff needs revision, which is due to pre-war legislative changes in terms of reducing the size of the "green" tariff. Attention is focused specifically on the public legal mechanisms of legal regulation of relations in the field of production and sale of solar energy. The modern post-war state of legal relations in the relevant field is highlighted, and problems in the functioning mechanism of the relevant market are identified. Proposals have been put forward regarding the unification of state and legal influence on the field of solar energy production and its implementation. Taking into account the previous experience of the operation of the solar energy market, it is proposed to form state principles of stimulating support for the implementation of technologies for saving generated energy using energy storages. The studied international legal obligations confirm the need for a state role in the field of fulfilling the accepted international obligations in the field of energy and the vector of potential accession to the European Union, the development of a legislative and regulatory framework that does not aim to reduce the dependence of the national economy on energy produced from fossil fuels resources.

Digital Twin simulation for deep learning framework for predicting solar energy market load in Trade-By-Trade data

Because users behave randomly and in a nonlinear way, predicting electrical loads proves to be a difficult procedure. Due to the development of the smart grid (SG) and advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), humans will be capable of recording, monitoring, and analyzing these non-linear behaviors. The use of electric load projection layouts is a necessity in order to make decisions, plan, and evaluate contracts in electrical systems. Consequently, there have been several load prediction methods in the research that demonstrate trade-offs among prediction precision and runtime (convergence rate). The current paper presents a method for short-term load prediction of market in trade-by-trade data that would be quick and precise. Modified mutual information (MMI) is used to extract abstractive characteristics from historic information. Learning empowers the factored conditional restricted Boltzmann machine (FCRBM) for predicting the electrical loads. Ultimately, the efficiency has been optimized using the suggested modified teaching–learning algorithm (MTLA). The suggested architecture has the advantage of improving prediction precision and convergence rate. The MMI method and FCRBM layout improve prediction precision. In addition, MTLA has been used to enhance the convergence rates. Based on simulation outcomes, the suggested quick and precise layout performs better than conventional layouts when it comes to forecasting precision and convergence rates, including Bi-level, MI-artificial neural network (MI-ANN), and accurate fast converging short-term load forecast (AFC-STLF).

Analyzing the Power Performance Characteristics of Partially Shaded Photovoltaic Arrays

Building integrated photovoltaic BIPV systems are currently the most dynamically developing segment of the solar energy market. These systems come as photovoltaic panels integrated into building enclosing structures: windows, roof, and facades. One specific feature of BIPV systems is that their photovoltaic panels are spatially oriented in nonoptimal manner, which causes them to operate with significant energy losses when they become partially shaded. A thorough analysis of the power performance characteristics of photovoltaic converters is a necessary basis for the development of new and improvement of known technical solutions aimed at achieving more efficient performance of photovoltaic arrays operating under the conditions of their partial shading. A photovoltaic converter mathematical model implemented in the MatLab/Simulink environment is presented, which provides the possibility of studying the power performance characteristics of photovoltaic modules of various types by using only the technical specification from the manufacturer as input data. The results of analyzing the power performance characteristics of the SPRX20250BLK photovoltaic module operating under partial shading are presented. It is shown that in a series-connected chain of unevenly illuminated solar cells, operation modes are possible in which the volt-ampere characteristic of less illuminated shifts to the region of negative values, which, in turn will result in that part of the power generated by more intensely illuminated cells will be dissipated on less illuminated cells. It has been established that the use of bypass diodes prevents the occurrence of so-called 'hot spots' on photovoltaic modules under conditions of uneven illumination, but does not solve the problem of efficiently using the energy generated by photovoltaic panels. With a small number of bypass diodes, shading even a small part of the photovoltaic panel surface leads to significant losses of output power, whereas an attempt to increase the number of diodes complicates significantly the production technology of the modules themselves and tightens the requirements for other components of photovoltaic stations such as controllers and converters.

An Efficient Control Scheme Based on PLL Integrated PI Controller for Grid-connected Solar Photovoltaic Systems

The market for solar energy is growing these days, thanks to recent developments in Photovoltaic (PV) systems. The integration of solar energy to the grid is required for its optimum utilization. A novel control of a single stage 3 phase grid connected solar inverter is presented in this paper. A PV array, Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) for converting dc to ac, and a filter that connects it to the grid are the major components of the proposed system. The inverter output is regulated with respect to the grid using Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) control. A 3-phase Phase Locked Loop (PLL) is used to lock the grid frequency and phase in relation to inverter output voltage. The Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm is used to obtain the reference voltage corresponding to the maximum PV power. To remove the high frequency harmonics, the inverter output is combined with an LCL filter. The dynamic performance of the proposed system under the number of stochastic environmental conditions are validated using MATLAB Simulink platform.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 The proposed PLL integrated PI controller provided high robustness under stochastic environmental conditions
 Enhanced system dynamic performance and accurate MPP tracking
 The inverter output is free from the high frequency harmonics
 Improved control performance
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Solar Energetics in Ukraine and the Experience of the Visegrad Group Countries

The urgency of investigating the improvement of solar energy industry efficiency in Ukraine is conditioned upon the exhaustive nature of conventional energy sources and their polluting effect, the availability of the potential for efficient use of solar energy and lower than possible level of its implementation, and by the opportunities of applying the practices of V-4-countries, which are connected with Ukraine geographically, economically, and naturally. The purpose of this study was to identify the main positive elements of the said practices and devise possible development vectors for solar energy industry in Ukraine. The main methods employed in this study are general methods (analysis and synthesis combined with scientific abstraction and generalisation, induction) and special economic and statistical methods (analysis of dynamic series, indexes, comparison). The main results of this study: the author identified the methods for obtaining and using solar energy, established its advantages and disadvantages, trends, rates, and potential of branch development; identified the share of solar energy in the structure of renewable energy on the level of 10%; outlined the importance, state, and trends of solar energy development in Ukraine, its leading role in greening the entire economy using the available favourable conditions, and how this development is relatively low and hampered by the lack of national support, energy accumulation and storage systems, clear and understandable national strategy of its development, outdated practices of green tariffs, instability of public investment policy in the industry, high level of wear of electric networks. In this regard, the aforementioned practices concern the consolidation of the solar energy market to increase its level of regulation; the normalisation of national energy policy and investment climate; the development of the practice of creating solar parks and systems of cogeneration of different types of energy and energy storage systems; replacement of green tariffs by the mechanism of green auctions and other schemes

The asymmetric effect of temperature, exchange rate, metals, and investor sentiments on solar stock price performance in China: evidence from QARDL approach.

The study investigates the asymmetric effect of temperature, exchange rate, metals (rare metals and electrical conductors), and investor sentiments on solar stock price performance in China. The novel econometric techniques, i.e., QARDL (quantile autoregressive distributive lag) approach and Granger causality-in-quantiles to analyze the results. In both short- and long-run estimations, the findings suggest that rare metals (cadmium, germanium, indium, and selenium) and electrical conductors (silver, aluminum, and copper) have significant and positive linkage with solar energy stocks at different quantiles based on bullish, bearish, and normal market conditions. On the other hand, negative effects are found for temperature, RMB exchange rate, and investor sentiments in both the short- and long-run. In the short run, the effect of exchange rate varies across different quantiles but it confines to only lower quantiles (bearish market condition) in the longer run. Solar stocks are more prone to investor sentiments under higher quantiles (bullish market conditions). Lastly, we find that temperature is not merely a behavioral anomaly for the solar energy market as it spreads across middle quantiles (normal market conditions) in the longer run. The findings of Granger causality in quantiles further confirm the results of QARDL.

Renewable Energy for Sustainable Development: An Assessment of Solar Energy Adoption among SMEs in the City of Accra, Ghana

Energy demand continues to drive sustainable development in all countries of the world. As Ghana is accelerating her transition to a low carbon economy, this paper aims to investigate the nature, opportunities and challenges of the solar energy market in the City of Accra. This paper used a qualitative inquiry approach to investigate the solar energy market development in Accra. The Ghana Government’s policy framework for achieving sustainable energy in the country as well as the emerging opportunities and barriers relating to market development of this energy sub-sector in Accra are analysed. The paper found that inadequate institutional and service-provider’s financial support, after-sales technical support, limited consumer credit facilities, a dearth of public education and general awareness among the public about solar energy technology remain important barriers to solar energy development in Accra. In addition, the Net Metering policy dissonance constitutes a critical barrier to solar energy transition and market development in the city. In conclusion, government programming and increasing industrial sector participation will provide a vital catalyst for the development of the solar energy sub-sector and market in Accra.

Development of a solar energy forecasting system for two real solar plants based on WRF Solar with aerosol input and a solar plant model

Regional meteorological models are becoming a generalized tool for solar energy production forecasting, due to their capacity to simulate different types of cloud formations and their interaction with solar radiation. The greater demand for reliable forecasting tools in the energy industry is the motivation for the development of an integrated system that combines the Weather Research and Forecasting atmospheric model package designed to fulfill the needs of solar energy applications (WRF-Solar), with the solaR power plant model. This study focuses on the use and validation of this coupled tool in forecasting the energy production for two real solar plants, one in Spain and another in India. A period of one year for the Spanish emplacement and nine months for the Indian site are simulated with a daily operational forecasting set-up. Aerosol data from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) are considered in the calculations, a new capability in WRF-Solar. Power predictions are obtained and compared with real data from the inverters of both plants provided by the operating company.The results show that WRF-Solar obtains accurate forecasts of global, direct, and diffuse radiation and of the ambient temperature that solaR uses as input to predict the energy production of the solar plants. The normalized Mean Annual Errors (NMAE) is 5.18% in the Spanish and 5.59% in the Indian plant for the first day of predictions, demonstrating a reliable performance of the forecasting system in different climate locations. The skill scores for the second day of prediction are also promising, with practically the same errors as the previous day (5.19% and 6.17 for Spain and India respectively). By comparing the model predictions, with and without AOD input during the dustiest days in the Spanish site, the importance of the aerosol effect inclusion is demonstrated with an improvement up to 10% in the energy forecast. These results demonstrate the system’s potential both for solar plant operation and energy market applications.

System to Measure Solar Power

The solar-energy market is one of the most rapidly expanding renewable energy markets in the world. presently we have seen a significant increase in requests for measuring equipment for solar-energy applications. This presented work aims to measure solar energy through multiple sensor data acquisitions. A solar panel is used as it continues to track sunlight. Here, different parameters for a solar panel like light intensity, voltage, current, temperature are measured and measured data is sent to Arduino which is show them an on-LCD display. Nowadays, the Internet of Things (IoT) is a developing technology that connects things through a communication protocol and a cloud platform to make them smarter and more user-friendly. Basic characteristics such as current, voltage, irradiance, and temperature will affect the solar panel's efficiency. As a result, a real-time solar monitoring system is required to improve the panel's performance by comparing it to the experimental result and taking preventive action.

Identification of target market transformation efforts for solar energy adoption

In recent years, solar energy has been increasing in usage throughout the world, especially in the United States. Market transformation (a concept based on collaborative efforts between industry advocates and policy-makers to increase adoption through economies of scale) plays a fundamental role in expanding the adoption of solar energy. However, there are currently limited resources to identify the optimal locations for increasing the likelihood of industry advocates interested in exploiting opportunities related to solar energy technologies. This study aims to showcase a visual mapping tool to assist with solar energy market transformation. By combining data from different sources, a unique process and output were created. The factors considered in this study include cost of electricity, net metering policies study, cost of solar energy systems, solar irradiance, annual sunshine rates, annual snowfall rates, and annual precipitation rates. All the factors were considered on both a residential and commercial level. The findings rank states from most viable to least viable with respect to the combined input factors. The results show that states with a high likelihood of market transformation at the residential level also have a high likelihood of market transformation at the commercial level.

Dynamic dependence between main-byproduct metals and the role of clean energy market

This paper explores the dynamic dependence between the prices of main-byproduct metal pairs by applying the time-varying parameter vector autoregression (TVP-VAR) modelling. The novel insights into the effect of clean energy market on the connectedness of main-byproduct metal markets are also provided via Granger causality tests and nonparametric causality-in-quantiles approach. Empirical results indicate the time-varying nature of the spillover between main-byproduct metals and the overlooked spillover effect from the byproduct metal market. The significant causal effect of the clean energy market on the co-movement between main-byproduct metal markets implies that the clean energy market and main-byproduct metal markets are closely linked. Particularly, the wind energy market has a stronger effect than the solar energy market on the total spillover of the main-byproduct metal pairs. Furthermore, a battery of linear and nonlinear causality tests suggests the heterogeneous effect of the clean energy market, which causes a linear impact on the spillover from main metal to byproduct metal market, while brings a nonlinear causal effect on the spillover from byproduct metal to main metal market. Our findings highlight the significant role of clean energy market in the connectedness between main-byproduct metal markets.

Critical Assessment of Feed-In Tariffs and Solar Photovoltaic Development in Vietnam

Vietnam became the world’s third largest market for solar photovoltaic energy in 2020. Especially after the Vietnamese government issued feed-in tariffs for grid-connected solar photovoltaic systems, the installed capacity of solar photovoltaic applications exploded in 2019. From studies carried out in the relevant literature, it can be said that support policies are highly important for the initial development of the renewable energy industry in most countries. This is especially true in emerging countries such as Vietnam. This paper reviews the feed-in tariffs issued and deployed in different regions of Vietnam for grid-connected solar photovoltaic applications. Moreover, the paper takes a closer look at the costs of electricity production from these systems in relation to the feed-in tariffs issued in Vietnam. The results show that the gap between the levelized cost of electricity and the feed-in tariff for solar photovoltaic electricity is relatively high, particularly in regions with a lower irradiation potential.

Assessment of the competitive potential of Russian producers of photovoltaic products in the solar energy market of the Middle East

Assessment of the competitive potential of Russian producers of photovoltaic products in the solar energy market of the Middle East

Let it shine; spotlight on the solar energy market

Concern about social and environmental problems like climate change is at the core of many moral markets, such as those for solar panels, plant-based meat or fair trade coffee. We spoke to Dr Panikos Georgallis about his research into the conditions that lead to the emergence of moral markets and how they subsequently evolve.

Simulador de energia solar para implementação de sistemas fotovoltaicos no contexto urbano

The scenario in Brazil is favorable to leverage the photovoltaic solar energy market, as it presents positive conditions for taking advantage of the generation of this kind of energy, due to its geographic location and high levels of solar irradiation. Since the installation of the first solar power plant in the country, the electricity sector has been expanding thanks to government incentive programs that enable a better and more efficient market. However, when the technology is treated in urban centers, it has been little used, due to the lack of financial resources to invest in this high cost system or the lack of knowledge about the financial return that the owner will have over the years. In this context, this work presents a tool to verify the economic viability of a photovoltaic project, which can be used by any user interested in installing a photovoltaic system in their home or commercial space. To build this tool, a research methodology based on case studies was used, which used the PVSyst platform to obtain the necessary data and Microsoft Excel to perform the calculations and present the results. From the data collected in the software and the methodology of previous works, the developed simulator collects user input information and brings as a result the estimated cost for the implementation of the photovoltaic system, in addition, it brings the savings data over the years after the investment.

Development of Roadmap for Photovoltaic Solar Technologies and Market in Poland

Poland is dynamically changing its energy mix. As a result of this process, solar energy is increasing its share in energy production. The development of the solar energy market is determined by numerous factors. This paper aims to develop a roadmap for further development of the photovoltaic (PV) energy market in Poland. The scope of the research covers five areas of PV technology and market development in Poland: (i) technology; (ii) power grids; (iii) law; (iv) economic conditions; and (v) social conditions. With the use of a Technology Roadmapping Methodology (TRM), for each of the determined areas, several factors were analyzed, and their development paths were described. In addition, the article focuses on technological challenges (regarding PV cells, modules, components, power conversion and monitoring and management system, optimizers, batteries, and other energy storage systems), grid efficiency, recycling, production costs, subsidies, public awareness and education, and the energy exclusion problem. The main result of the research is the roadmap of the photovoltaic solar energy technology and market development in Poland. Further development of the PV market and technology requires parallel progress in all the identified areas. This study offers implications for policymakers, investors, managers, and technology and infrastructure developers regarding their involvement in photovoltaic market.

Floating solar photovoltaic plants in India – A rapid transition to a green energy market and sustainable future

The 18,000 square kilometers of water reservoirs in India can generate 280 GW of solar power through floating solar photovoltaic plants. The cumulative installed capacity of FSPV is 0.0027 GW, and the country plans to add 10 GW of FSPV to the 227 GW renewable energy target of 2022. The FSPV addition is small related to the entire market for solar energy, but each contribution is appreciated in the renewable energy market. FSPV could be a viable alternative for speeding up solar power deployment in the country and meeting its NDC targets. So far, the country has achieved the world's lowest investment cost for a floating solar installation. Despite the lower costs, generalizations are still premature because FSPV is still in its initial stages of market entry. Continuous innovation and timely adoption of innovative ideas and technology will support India in meeting its solar energy goals and progressing toward a more sustainable future. Governments must establish clear and enforceable policies to assist developers in reducing risks and increasing investor confidence in the sector. Economic and financial feasibility are examined, and various difficulties in technology, design, finances, environment, maintenance, and occupational health that impact the FSPV deployment are discussed. Based on the research, effective and comprehensive FSPV policy suggestions are included to support establishing an appropriate market, fostering competition and innovation, and attracting large-scale investment. This paper aims to stimulate interest among various policy developers, energy suppliers, industrial designers, ergonomists, project developers, manufacturers, health and safety professionals, executing agencies, training entities, and investment institutions of the FSPV plant to implement effective governance planning and help them to participate in their ways to assure sustainable growth.

Global Solar Energy Market and Female Entrepreneurship after the Covid-19 Pandemic

Sustainable development and the transition to renewable energy sources, especially sola, was a strong global trend until 2020. The unexpected arrival of the Covid-19 pandemic raised the question of the transition to a low-carbon economy and the development of renewable energy in the face of uncertainty and economic crisis. Also, the female representation in the energy sector could be negatively affected under the influence of the pandemic. In this study, we analyzed the global impact of the pandemic on the main renewable energy and solar energy markets, and assessed the prospects for their development in the post-pandemic period. We used data from the world's leading analytical agencies, such as IAE and Bloomberg for 2000-2020. Methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis were used in the analysis. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that renewable energy and solar power will continue to develop. So far, the pandemic has not had a significant negative impact on the strategic and long term dynamics of the global renewable energy market development. Negative trends towards a reduction in the number of commissioned projects and investments in the solar power industry persist in the short term. The results of this study can be used in future research in the field of sustainable development and the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on it.

Analysis of the Aesthetic Improvement and High Efficiency of Color PV Module Based on Dot Pattern

The solar energy market in South Korea has shown a high growth rate, with an expectation of reaching 4 GW in 2022. Plans to expand BIPV (Building Integrated Photo Voltaic) when new buildings are created have recently been increasing in preparation for a mandatory zero energy policy. Currently, zero-energy construction is mandatory for public buildings of over 1,000 m2. By gradually expanding the scope of the target, the mandatory designation of all buildings of over 500 m2 as zero-energy buildings is expected to occur by 2030. In this paper, we describe an efficiency optimization study based on the width ratio, coverage rate, and color of the patterns for an aesthetic improvement and high efficiency of the product. We aim to develop 50 W dot-pattern-based color solar modules that can improve the artistry and value of buildings when BIPVs are installed. A commercialization model is needed to expand the BIPV product line, which can add design and functional elements in the domestic solar power market, which is expected to grow at rates of tens of gigawatts in the future.

Resilience of the electric sector after COVID-19 and the impacts on the photovoltaic solar energy market

INTRODUCTION. The Brazilian electricity sector and parts of society are experiencing the impacts of COVID-19, which spreads throughout the world, paralyzing all or part of its activities. The reduction in electricity consumption leads to an analysis of the stability of the Brazilian energy matrix that serves different social segments. OBJECTIVE. The objective of this work was to carry out an analysis of the electric power generation sector and its standardization, the perspectives of its post-Covid-19 behaviour and the role of renewable energy sources, in particular the photovoltaic industry. METHOD. An analysis was made of the electric power generation sector and its standardization, the prospects for its post-Covid-19 behaviour and the role of the solar photovoltaic systems. RESULTS. Scenarios evaluated: updating of the regulatory framework for the Brazilian electric sector, the solar energy market photovoltaic, electricity consumption and the solar photovoltaic systems as a complementary source in this climate change scenario. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. It is concluded that sustainable transitions on the planet, associated with economic growth, promote human development for a low carbon community.