Solar Controller Research Articles

Towards artificial intelligence for solar charge controller: an analytical study of recent status, optimization and module development

Towards artificial intelligence for solar charge controller: an analytical study of recent status, optimization and module development

Design and Implementation of an Arduino-Based MPPT Solar Charge Controller

Design and Implementation of an Arduino-Based MPPT Solar Charge Controller

System Design of a Customized Solar Photovoltaic Power System for a Microcontroller-based Weather Station in Minna, Nigeria

In atmospheric and meteorological studies, missing values in acquired research data possess serious challenge on the integrity of research output emanating from their use. Missing values or readings may arise due to temporal or permanent failure in power supply to the measuring weather station. In this work, effort was made to address the fundamental issue of remote power at a standalone solar powered weather stations by professionally applying solar photovoltaic power system installation technique and the requisite knowledge of local parameters of the installed location to design a customize power supply pack for the weather station. The protocol involves an elaborate electrical load assessment and analysis of the weather station, followed by an independent component wise design formulation leading to selection of suitable solar module, battery, charge controller and voltage regulator along with their outdoor installation design. It was recommended that the design be validated using solar photovoltaic software followed by physical implementation which should be done in line with the system and installation design.

Design and Simulation of a Small-scale Solar-Powered Charging System for Electric Vehicles with MPPT Optimization under Varying Conditions

The global shift towards Electric Vehicles (EVs) necessitates the development of efficient and sustainable charging infrastructures. This dissertation explores the design and simulation of a small-scale solar-powered charging system for EVs, leveraging the capabilities of MATLAB. The proposed system aims to charge a 12V, 4.5Ah lithium-ion battery using a 20W solar panel, with a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) charge controller to optimize power extraction under varying irradiance conditions. The system design involves modeling the solar panel's I-V characteristics using the Shockley diode equation, implementing an MPPT controller based on the Perturb & Observe (P&O) algorithm, employing a buck converter for voltage regulation, and utilizing a Battery Management System (BMS) for safe and efficient battery charging. Mathematical models for each component facilitate accurate simulation, and the system is implemented in MATLAB with subsystems for the solar panel, MPPT controller, DC-DC converter, and battery. Simulations conducted under various conditions, including ideal (1000 W/m² irradiance and 25°C temperature) and partially cloudy weather (400 W/m² irradiance), as well as different initial state-of-charge (SOC) levels (20%, 50%, 80%), demonstrate the system's performance in terms of SOC progression, charging current, and power output. Results show that under ideal conditions, the battery reaches 100% SOC in approximately 2.84 hours, whereas under partially cloudy conditions, it only reaches around 70% SOC in 5 hours. These findings highlight the feasibility and efficiency of solar-powered EV charging systems, with the MPPT controller effectively optimizing power output to adapt to varying environmental conditions.

Prototipe Pembangkit Tenaga Surya Kapasitas 20 Watt Peak Sebagai Sumber Utama Tenaga Listrik Autonomous Buoy

This research aims to examine the use of 20 Watt Peak photovoltaic energy as the main power supply of the prototype on the autonomous buoy because it is able to absorb energy from direct sunlight. Experimental research methods are used to measure voltage, current, and electrical power on components such as photovoltaic, solar charger controller, battery, and electric motor. Tests were conducted by varying the motor speed to analyze the power usage and the time taken to recharge the battery in a span of 10 minutes, to identify factors affecting the performance of the autonomous float. The test results show that at 0% motor speed, no power is used as the motor is not rotating. However, at 25% motor speed, the motor started to use 50.93 watts of power. When the motor speed was 100%, there was a considerable increase in power consumption, where the power consumption increased to 112.86 watts. Thus, these results show that the higher the motor speed, the more power is required. The test shows the change in buoy voltage when not working or when charging for 10 minutes. At 0% motor speed, the initial voltage remains 12 Volts. When charged, the voltage remains 12 Volts because it is not being used. At 25-50% motor speed, the voltage drops from 10 Volts when charging to 12 Volts. At 75-100% motor speed, the initial voltage of 9-10 Volts rises to 10-11 Volts when charging. This shows an increase in voltage when the buoy is charging autonomously or when it is not working. The conclusion of this research is that an understanding of the energy usage performance of autonomous buoys is necessary to optimize the energy usage of 20 Watt peak photovoltaic as a renewable energy source.

Design and Implementation of Solar-Powered Pumping System in IKN Nusantara Area

Solar-powered pumping systems are an alternative to providing a sustainable and independent water source. This system declines the dependency on fossil fuels, which generate no greenhouse gas emissions while operating. This paper presents the design, implementation, and performance testing of a solar-powered submersible water pump in Bumi Harapan and Bukit Raya Village to provide a supplementary water source for residents. To meet the daily water supply requirement of 10 m3 in two identical water towers, a 1.1 kW rated power water pump and a 2.2 kW photovoltaic system are chosen. A solar pump controller with the ability to switch power sources from photovoltaic to grid is used in the system to maintain a consistent water supply if needed. Based on performance simulations using PVSyst software, the designed systems cannot fulfill daily water requirements. However, they are expected to fill both water towers with a daily average supply of 5.78 m3 for the Bumi Harapan site and 9.23 m3 for the Bukit Raya site. These inabilities occurred because the pumps must operate with an elevation head that is more remarkable than the specifications. Performance tests using a solar power meter (SPM) and power quality analyzer (PQA) showed that the electric submersible pump (ESP) will supply water with a flow rate that depends on solar irradiance. Based on the data collection, the ESP successfully operates near its rated capacity during the peak sun hour.

Implementation Of Solar Electric Energy Monitoring For Household Electricity Loads Using IOT

In a power plant using solar power to provide household electricity is a supply for electricity consumers towards carbon-free energy, the use of solar panels by the community has begun to be done this is because the community can already have a good reference for solar panels. The research method uses an experimental method, namely implementing and analyzing the use of solar cell system electrical energy for electrical loads in households for the right analysis results and getting a good design as planned. The equipment used are photovoltaic modules, solar charge controllers, inverters, batteries, control panels, household electrical loads, multimeters, luxmeters and digital temperature gauges and IoT. The results showed that for household electricity needs of 35.131 watts hour, it normally requires 1300 Wp solar panels, 3 batteries with a capacity of 24 volts 200 Ah each, assuming 2 days. In this study, PLTS uses 600 Wp solar panels, 1 battery with a capacity of 24 volts 200 Ah, and PLTS can serve 78 watts hour and the investment cost required is Rp. 35,000,000, - with electricity savings of Rp. 35,975, - per month assuming the price of electricity is Rp.1300,-/Kwh.

Dual MPPT Algorithm Implementation in Solar Charge Controller

The implementation of a Dual Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm in a solar charge controller is aimed at enhancing the efficiency of solar energy utilization. This algorithm optimizes power extraction from solar panels by dynamically adjusting the operating point to track the maximum power output under varying environmental conditions. By utilizing two MPPT trackers, the controller can efficiently handle scenarios with multiple peaks in the power-voltage curve, common in partially shaded or non-uniformly illuminated panels. This implementation involves real-time monitoring of panel voltages and currents, coupled with intelligent algorithms to swiftly respond to changes in irradiance levels. Through advanced control strategies, such as Perturbation and Observation (P&O) or Incremental Gradient (Incgrad), the system maximizes energy harvest, improving overall system performance and reliability.

Design of Solar LED Lighting System Controller Based on 51 Single Chip Microcomputer

With the promotion of the awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection, solar LED lighting system, as the representative of green lighting, has received widespread attention. However, the intelligent performance of the existing system controller is insufficient, which limits its practical application effect. The purpose of this paper is to design a solar LED lighting system controller based on 51 single chip microcomputer. Through optimizing the hardware and software design, the intelligent control level, energy efficiency and reliability of the system are improved to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

MPPT Solar Controller: A Theoretical Design and Prototype Development

This paper discusses the theoretical design and ongoing prototype development of a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) solar controller system aimed at efficient energy harvesting and smart load management. The system is designed to optimize energy extraction from a solar panel using MPPT algorithms, with smart load management for real-time power distribution. The controller incorporates cloud-based monitoring, AI optimization, and a user-friendly interface. The system is expected to deliver robust, efficient, and safe operation under varying environmental conditions

Electric Bicycle Battery Charging System Design Using Solar Panel

This solar-powered electric bicycle charging system design and development uses solar panels as a renewable energy source to charge the battery, which drives the electric motor. The system consists of four main components: solar panel, solar charge controller, battery, and electric motor. The solar panels are connected in parallel to generate 36V, which is then stored in the battery. The system is designed to optimize energy harvesting and reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Testing was conducted with research stages, including system design, hardware implementation, and testing. The results show that the system can charge the battery efficiently, with a charging time of 3 hours. The system was also tested under different conditions, including morning, afternoon, and night, to evaluate its performance. It can be concluded that the solar-powered electric bicycle charging system is a viable alternative to traditional fossil fuel-based systems. The system is environmentally friendly, reduces energy dependence, and provides a sustainable solution for transportation. The results of this research can be used to develop a more efficient and sustainable transportation system.

Solar Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System

This project outlines the design and implementation of a solar-powered electric vehicle charging station that addresses the dual challenges of high gasoline prices and harmful emissions. The number of countries adopting electric vehicles continues to rise, as they not only promote environmental sustainability but also significantly lower transportation costs by substituting expensive fuels with more affordable electricity. In this context, developing an electric vehicle charging infrastructure offers an innovative and effective solution. This system enables electric vehicles to charge while in motion, eliminating the need for stationary charging stops. Powered entirely by solar energy, it requires no additional power supply. The system incorporates solar panels, batteries, transformers, regulator circuits, copper coils, AC/DC converters, Atmega328P controllers, and LCD displays. This technology demonstrates the feasibility of an on-road solar-powered wireless charging system for electric vehicles.

Design of 30 A PWM Type Solar Charge Controller Module for 100 Watt Lamp Load

The electrical energy produced by solar panels has been used as a renewable energy solution to support human life. In reality, this alternative energy has not been widely used due to the constraints of expensive initial investment, so it is necessary to design solar power generation components, one of which is a reliable, optimal, efficient and economical solar charge controller. The controller is made using the switching method. The switching process can occur by setting the duty cycle through the embedded controller in the solar charge controller circuit. Based on the test results, a duty cycle value of 1% to 100% can occur the switching process. The duty cycle that has been set on the solar charge controller is 90%. The duty cycle is a duty cycle where the output voltage approaches the setpoint of the minimum charger voltage. The input voltage from the solar panel when connected to the battery of ±16 volts can be regulated to ±14 volts by the solar charge controller. Based on the battery charging specifications, the controller output can be used to charge a 12 volt battery.

Implementation of Solar PV Protection System in Indonesia: A Review

Conventional energy sources will run out if used continuously and damage the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop other energy sources that are safe, environmentally friendly, and inexhaustible known as renewable energy sources to meet energy needs in Indonesia. This article presents a review that discusses the protection of solar panels and PLTS. Solar panels are vulnerable to lightning strikes and other electrical disturbances, so an effective protection system is needed. This study uses a qualitative method through a literature study, reviewing various protection methods such as conventional and electrostatic lightning rods, good grounding systems, and overcurrent detection devices such as Solar Charge Controller (SCC) and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). In addition, battery protection with Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) and Low Voltage Disconnected (LVD) is also discussed. Using Arduino Uno, ESP 32, and PLC, automation approaches offer real-time monitoring and control solutions for solar power plant performance. Innovations in the lightning protection zone concept and minimal quantity measurement schemes enable more cost-effective design of protection systems without reducing the level of protection. The results show that these various protection methods can provide effective and efficient protection for solar power plants, enabling optimization of system function and safety. In conclusion, the protection systems reviewed in this study offer a sustainable solution to Indonesia's energy challenges by utilizing the maximum potential of solar energy. The potential for further research is presented in this article to develop more efficient and effective protection methods.

Solar Power Plant Optimization using Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) and Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD)

The automatic system model uses a Solar Charge Controller (SCC) to turn off the solar panel system at the minimum battery point so that the battery is safe and durable and an Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS) to automatically transfer the electricity network from State Electricity Company or Grid or solar panels. In this study, Solar Panel Priority Grid electricity is used if the solar panel is insufficient and hybrid system with solar panel priority with 2 cut out battery usage. The results of this study are 450WP Solar Panel, 100A SCC MPPT, 12V/100Ah Battery, and 3000 Watt Modified Sine Wave Inverter, Miniature Circuit Breaker, Contactor, Relay Switch, Time Delay Relay and Indicators. The results of the switching process test between the Solar Power Plant source and grid with ATS control can run automatically in Grid Priority Mode, meaning Solar Power Plant as a backup, or Solar Power Plant Priority Mode where the grid source is used as a power backup system. In the Battery Capacity Optimization System, Low Voltage Disconnect (LVD) Protection can work well, namely it can cut off the voltage from the inverter if the battery is in a low voltage state at a rating below 10.8 Volts, Auto Cut Charging Protection testing can charge the battery up to 13.8 Volts and Cycle Use, namely the process of this system can work to store energy while releasing energy to run the load. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the best choice of the most efficient Solar Power Plant system.

Optimization of a Smart Greenhouse with a Solar Energy System for Floating Raft Hydroponic Cultivation: Implementation and Performance Evaluation

Abstract The rapid growth of the global population has increased food demand, posing challenges for traditional agriculture due to limited natural resources. Hydroponic systems offer a sustainable solution by optimizing the growing environment. This study evaluates the performance of a floating-raft hydroponic smart greenhouse powered by solar energy. The system integrates advanced technologies and renewable energy sources, including three 120 Wp and 130 Wp solar panels arranged in a series-parallel configuration, a solar charge controller, two parallel 12V 65Ah and 12V 200Ah batteries, a microcontroller, DHT22 sensors, and actuators such as LED lights and a mist-type DC pump sprayer. These components effectively regulate humidity, temperature, lighting, and spraying, with data transmission to the Antares platform via a monitoring system utilizing NodeMCU ESP8266. The greenhouse maintained optimal environmental conditions, reducing the temperature from 38°C to 32°C within 30 minutes. The system’s daily electrical load was 1006.36 Wh, leaving an energy reserve of 68.35%. The plants cultivated in the greenhouse responded favorably to the system. This study highlights the potential of combining renewable energy with smart agricultural technologies to address the limitations of traditional farming practices and enhance sustainability.

Transforming Hydroponics with IoT for Sustainable Water Management

General Background: Urbanization is reducing agricultural land, necessitating innovative cultivation techniques like hydroponics to thrive in limited spaces. Specific Background: The study investigates the use of IoT technology in hydroponic systems, specifically focusing on remote monitoring and control of water pumps for efficient resource management. Knowledge Gap: Limited research has explored the use of IoT in optimizing water pump operations in hydroponic systems, focusing on energy management and remote accessibility. Aims: The research aims to create an IoT-based automated water pump control system for hydroponics, enabling remote monitoring and evaluating its energy efficiency and operational effectiveness. Results: The experimental setup, including an ESP32 microcontroller, ADS1115 module, solar charger controller, and submersible pump, demonstrated optimal performance with a time-based control strategy, achieving 96.7% current and 97% voltage accuracy. Novelty: The study showcases a successful model for integrating IoT in hydroponic systems, thereby enhancing sustainability and operational efficiency. Implications: The study underscores the potential of IoT technologies in enhancing water management in hydroponics, thereby providing a feasible solution to contemporary agricultural challenges in space-constrained environments. Highlights: IoT Integration: Remote control enhances hydroponic system monitoring and efficiency. Energy Optimization: Effective solar charging improves automated water pump performance. Real-time Monitoring: Enables accessible tracking from significant distances via smartphones. Keywords: Hydroponics, IoT, Water Management, ESP32, Energy Efficiency

A solar-powered multi-functional portable charging device (SPMFPCD) with internet-of-things (IoT)-based real-time monitoring—An innovative scheme towards energy access and management

In the absence of portable charging devices, sectors such as transportation, communication, and emergency services deal with various challenges towards electric power needs while compromising on (1) operational efficiency, (2) insufficient portable charging solutions, and (3) limited versatility. This highlights the critical need for reliable and multi-functional power solutions. To provide a portable charging solution across diverse sectors, this paper proposes an innovative development of a solar-powered multi-functional portable charging device (SPMFPCD) with internet- of-thing (IoT)-based monitoring capabilities. The proposed scheme introduces a comprehensive model integrating advanced technologies which include a highly efficient solar panel, charge controller, sensors, and IoT module. The proposed system facilitates versatile charging solutions for a wide range of power requirements with real-time monitoring and data analysis through the IoT platform. Moreover, the proposed work explores the applications of the SPMFPCD in (1) emergency medical scenarios, (2) outdoor adventures, (3) disaster management, and 4) public spaces. Performance evaluation was made by proposing case studies to validate the (1) economic viability, (2) power management, and (3) environmental impact of widespread deployment of SPMPFCD in public spaces. Furthermore, detailed analysis of battery energy storage system (BESS) and photovoltaic (PV) integration for load management, seasonal dynamics, and renewable energy integration (REI) contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the proposed solution.

Design and simulation of zeta solar charge controller with artificial neural network MPPT

Fossil fuel are non-renewable energy sources with constrained reserves. This advocates renewable energy as a viable alternative for electricity generation. PV is a renewable energy source that harnesses solar energy. The current issue with PV is its low efficiency and elevated cost. Photovoltaic control devices and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) mimic human neural networks in processing multiple conditions and providing solutions from current reference data to optimise photovoltaic power. This technique is known as Artifical neural network (ANN). This method uses a zeta converter to adjust the photovoltaic voltage to supply specific loads, allowing ANN to optimize power as sunlight intensity changes. In this work, a charge controller for solar applications was designed using MPPT algorithms. This is responsible for overseeing the battery circuit and producing PWM signals to regulate zeta converter according to the battery voltage. The artificial neural network (ANN) received as inputs temperature and irradiation (G). Several simulations verified the efficiency of the suggested MPPT algorithm. The Zeta solar charge controller (ZSCC) device achieved up to 92% efficiency with low irradiance. The proposed ANN-based MPPT controller and perturb-observed Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm were compared in different solar insolations. The simulation results show that MPPT-ANN can track power up to 2000 Watts for a 2000 WP photovoltaic in 0.056 seconds, with no power oscillations at the MPP.

Planning Study of Solar Power Plant (PLTS) in Lelewi Village, Gane Tengah District, South Halmahera Regency

Lelewi Village, Gane Tengah District, South Halmahera Regency, there are 80 families (heads of families) whose livelihood is farmers and fishermen. Geographically, Lelewi village is located in an area with a fairly high potential for solar energy, making Lelewi village a suitable place for the construction of a Solar Power Plant. Frequent sudden power outages due to lack of load capacity and natural disturbances (such as broken branches and trees and animals) cause a large number of electronic equipment to be damaged. And the operating time of PLN starts from 18.00 – 07.00, so a Solar Power Plant (PLTS) system is designed for use during the day only.So that this research will be discussed in more depth about the Analysis of Power Calculation at Solar Power Plants in Lelewi Village, South Halmahera Regency. To design an electric energy plant so that it meets the load needs for 10 years in Lelewi Village, South Halmahera Regency, it is necessary to carry out a load forecast (forecast electricity load). The method used to carry out load forecasting is the Linear Regretion method. Solar power energy is calculated at 50% of the daily load during the day, total electrical energy that can be generated from solar power plants is 12 Wh. The solar components used after accounting for the need for electrical power backup are 48 100 wp solar panels, 48 units of 12V voltage batteries with a capacity of 100 Ah which are expected to be charged in about 10.05 hours, 2 units of solar charger controllers, and 1 unit of inverter with a capacity of 226.25 Watts