Solanum Sessiliflorum Dunal Research Articles

Physicochemical properties, metabolomic analysis, antioxidant and lipid-lowering activity of a functional beverage based on cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal)

The physicochemical, microbiological and metabolomics analysis, antioxidant and lipid-lowering effect, and shelf life prediction of a functional beverage based on cocona pulp of SRN9 ecotype was to carry out. According to the results obtained, the beverage complies with all the characteristics of the Peruvian technical standard for juices, nectars and fruit beverages NTP 203.110:2009 and is within the limits established by the sanitary technical standard NTS N° 071-MINSA/DIGESA-V.01, with a shelf-life period of 4 months and 1 day. The metabolome regarding bioactive compounds showed the presence of 30 compounds, including several glycosylated flavonols, two flavanols, and two spermidines. Likewise, showed a lipid-lowering effect statistically significant (p < 0.05) about the serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, with a mean reduction of 41.52 mg/dL for total cholesterol levels and 130.80 mg/dL for triglyceride levels. This beverage could be an alternative for the treatment of atherosclerosis and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Effect of Solanum Sessiliflorum Dunal (Maná-cubiu) Extract in Diet-induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats

Obesity is a multifactorial disease, defined by the excessive accumulation of body fat, causing negative consequences for health. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is characterized by the association between abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Experimental models are essential to elucidate the pathophysiology, development, and treatment of the disease. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of maná-cubiu extract (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) in experimental models of diet-induced MS. Male Wistar rats received a high-fat, high-calorie diet for 24 weeks, with exception of the healthy control group, which received commercial AIN-93 chow, and both groups were supplied with filtered water. After this period, the animals began to receive daily gavages containing 150 mg of extract/kg or 300 mg of extract/kg for another 8 weeks. The control group received only metformin (150mg/kg). Body weight, bioelectrical impedance (BIA), body circumferences and the Lee index were used to assess body composition. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee under protocol nº 501. The experimental group treated with 150mg/kg of the extract showed weight reduction in the first month of treatment, followed by an average reduction of 54 grams per animal. The group treated with 300mg/kg of the extract suffered weight reduction only after the second month of treatment (on average 9g/animal). This same group and the group treated with metformin were the only ones to reduce the percentage of body fat, comparing the two evaluation moments. The results suggest that maná-cubiu has a potential therapeutic use in obesity, and that the evaluation methods in animal models need to be better standardized.

Cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) seed and seedling development based on the landmark phenological scale

Cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) seed and seedling development based on the landmark phenological scale

Amazonian Foods: Açaí, Camu-Camu, Cubiu and Pupunha

What is the nutritional value of typical Amazonian products such as açaí wine (Euterpe precatoria Mart.), Camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh), cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) and peach palm flour (Bactris gasipaes Kunth).? Can these foods be used to prevent common diseases in the Amazon, such as energy-protein malnutrition, iron deficiency anemia and hypovitaminosis A? If not as a preventive way, can these foods be used to minimize these public health problems still registered in different population groups in the Amazon region?

Influence of combined hydrolyzed collagen and maltodextrin as carrier agents in spray drying of cocona pulp

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the effect of carrier agents containing maltodextrin and protein, represented by hydrolyzed collagen on the spray drying process of cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal), and on the properties of the resulting powders. We used pre-established proportions between the solids of cocona pulp and the carrier agents (P:CA), and among carrier agents themselves, maltodextrin and hydrolyzed collagen, (MD:HC). The process was carried out in a spray dryer at an inlet air temperature of 120 ºC. We prepared twelve feed solutions containing 20% of total solids, with P:CA ratios of 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 and 1:6, and MD:HC ratios of 0:100, 50:50, and 100:0. Solids recovery was obtained for the evaluation of the spray drying process. The cocona pulp powders were analyzed for moisture content, water activity, particle size distribution, mean particle diameter, chemical structure (FTIR) and color. For a P:CA of 1:6, for the sample formulated with hydrolyzed collagen only, solids recovery (96.2%) was much higher than that of the sample with maltodextrin only (39.2%). The chemical structure of cocona powders can be considered a sign of a good encapsulation process. The color of the cocona pulp powder was similar to that of the carrier agents. The formulation with highest content of hydrolyzed collagen improved the recovery of solids, guaranteed the cocona pulp encapsulation, and obtained fruit powders with bioactive properties.

Desenvolvimento e aceitabilidade de bolo de chocolate acrescido de farinha de maná-cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal)

O maná-cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) é um fruto tropical, com características nutricionais diferenciadas, de sabor ligeiramente ácido e exótico, com sua aplicabilidade na área de alimentos ainda limitada. Trata-se de uma pesquisa experimental e descritiva, de abordagem quali-quantitativa com delineamento transversal. O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver um bolo enriquecido com farinha de maná-cubiu com vistas a proporcionar um melhor aproveitamento do fruto na culinária regional, bem como, agregar valor nutricional a esta preparação. Foi possível verificar que a substituição parcial de farinha de trigo por farinha de maná-cubiu em bolos de chocolate pode ser uma alternativa promissora, devido as características nutricionais e sensoriais do produto, obtidas nos testes físico-químicos e sensoriais. Adicionalmente, pode-se concluir que, a farinha de maná-cubiu é um ingrediente potencial para agregar valor nutricional a receitas tradicionais, além de favorecer a otimização do consumo do fruto, de uma forma alternativa, para a população.

Cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) reproductive physiology: a review

Cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) is a delicious fruit with numerous health-related properties. This fruit is cultivated throughout the Amazon basin. It originated in the upper Amazon region in Colombia, Brazil, Peru and Venezuela. Flowers are actinomorphic and pedunculate. Cocona has long style and short style flowers. Flowering occurs continuously throughout the year. Stem bifurcation marks the transition from vegetative to reproductive stage. Pollen is round-shaped and 20 µm wide. The plant is autogamous with frequent allogamy. Insect pollination is mediated mainly by bees. Fruit development has been divided into four stages namely, light green, dark green, yellow-green and dark orange. Fruit growth is characterized by a sigmoid growth type. Cocona fruits are climacteric, but also non-climacteric depending on genotype and cultivar. This plant has been crossed with other Solanum species producing viable offspring. Breeding programs have crossed several varieties with different fruit shapes. This paper aims to review flower morphology, flowering, pollen physiology, autogamy and allogamy, insect pollination, fruit development, fruit morphology, seed germination, hybridization, health-related properties, genetic diversity and chromosome number in cocona.

Effects of Gamma Rays on Cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal)

Harvesting hairy fruits of current cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) is a painful task because the hair is itching. Therefore, growers would be interested in hairless fruit type planting materials. Breeding for this character depends on the amount of genetic variety present within the species. In the case of limited genetic variability occurring naturally, one can be created using mutagenic agents. Gamma rays were used in the course of the present study on cocona seeds of genotype CUB-08 at 100, 150, 200, 300 and 400 Gy. Irradiated seeds were sown in styrofoam seedling trays, then transplanted in the open field, three months later, following a randomized block design with four replications and seven plants per plot, in the Agricultural experimental station of the National Institute for Amazonian Research (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia).
 The 100 and 150 Gy radiations led to germinating vigor and fruit pilosity variability whereas 200 Gy decreased the germination rate, and 300 and 400 Gy were totally deleterious. Therefore, gamma rays 100-150 Gy could be used to enhance genetic diversity for fruit pilosity and for fruit number as well.

Physiological quality of pelleted Cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) seeds

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different coating materials on the physiological quality of cubiu seeds. This was evaluated with three agglomerate materials (manioc starch, inert talc and dolomitic limestone) and two binder polymers (polyvinyl acetate and gum arabic) with 30% concentration, and artificial dye finishing. The experimental design was completely randomized, in factorial scheme 3 (agglomerates) x 2 (binders), and additional treatment (bare seeds/control), containing four replicates and experimental units of fifty seeds/pellets. The seeds were evaluated for: yield; seed/pellet diameter; thousand seed weight; number of seeds per pellets; germination; germination speed index; mean germination time, seedling length; fresh and dry mass of the seedling and emergence. In general, pelletizing increased the weight and diameter of the propagation unit. The physical barrier applied to the seeds by pelletizing did not influence the germination, but delayed the germination rate concerning to bare seeds, and this effect was not observed in emergence seedling. The coating with dolomitic limestone and polyvinyl acetate presented the best results of germination and vigor.

Acid extraction and physicochemical characterization of pectin from cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum D.) fruit peel

Cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) is a fruit from the Amazon region. Pectins were extracted from cubiu fruit peels using boling mineral acid (HNO3) or organic acid (citric acid) at pH 2 for 1h. The highest uronic acid content was obtained using HNO3. Extractions were then carried out with HNO3 at pH 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 for 2 or 4 h. Among the pectins with the highest yields, the one extracted using HNO3 at pH 1.5 for 2h (14.2% yield) had the highest uronic acid content (75.0%). The pectin obtained under these conditions was characterized by chromatographic, spectroscopic and spectrophotometric methods. The polymer was mainly composed of a high methyl-esterified homogalacturonan (degree of methyl esterification of 62%) with low acetyl content (5%). It formed gels in acidic medium (pH 2.5–1.5) with 60% sucrose and the gel strength increased with decreased pH, suggesting possible applications as an additive in acidic products with high soluble solids content.

Mineral profile, carotenoids and composition of cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal), a wild Brazilian fruit

Cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) is a wild fruit native to the Amazon. There has been a recent interest in its cultivation in several regions of Brazil, including the Atlantic Forest. The objective of this study was to characterize cocona regarding its physical characteristics and physico-chemical composition, including the contents of minerals and major carotenoids. Colour was assessed and related to the contents of lycopene and β-carotene. The fruits had an average weight of 83.91 ± 20.47 g and 97% of edible portion. Cocona fruits have high contents of fibre and protein, and titratable acidity favourable for the formulation of by-products. There was a good correlation between carotenoids and instrumental colour. Cocona also exhibited significant amounts of selenium, phosphorus and iron. The mineral profile provides a starting point for more complex and in-depth evaluations in terms of actual intake and incentive of fruit consumption, resulting in added nutritional value to the consumer and the food industry.

Nutrients of Cubiu Fruits (<i>Solanum sessiliflorum</i> Dunal, Solanaceae) as a Function of Tissues and Ripening Stages

Cubiu fruits (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal, Solanaceae) are nutritionally dense. However, most studies have investigated cubiu nutrients in whole fruits. This study evaluated cubiu fruit nutrients as a function of different tissues (peel, pulp, and placenta) and ripening stages (green, turning, ripe, and fully ripe). Fruits (n = 118) were harvested to investigate weight, macronutrients (moisture, ash, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and energy) and selected macrominerals-calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Analyses were performed at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA), Brazil. Macronutrient results were expressed in g/100 g fresh weight, macrominerals as g/kg fresh weight. Fruit weight increased throughout ripening. Moisture reached a maximum value (91.77) in the fully ripe pulp. Ash displayed a maximum value (0.86) in the fully ripe placenta. Energy reached a maximum value (356.66 kJ, 86.57 kcal) in the fully ripe placenta. Carbohydrates decreased from the peel to the placenta (lowest values). K exhibited a maximum value (42.257) in the green pulp. The P peaked in ripe pulp (24.450) and placenta (21.240). In the ripe placenta, Ca had a maximum value (7.860) followed by Mg (7.573). This detailed knowledge of the edible parts of ripening cubiu fruits will broaden their use in health and disease.

Biochemical Changes of Cubiu Fruits (<i>Solanum sessiliflorum</i> Dunal, Solanaceae) According to Different Tissue Portions and Ripening Stages

Cubiu fruits (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal, Solanaceae) are known for their high nutritional value and low caloric content. This work aimed at evaluating biochemical indices of cubiu fruits according to different tissues (peel, pulp and placenta) and ripening stages (green, turning, ripe and fully ripe). The fruits were randomly harvested to investigate sensory aspects (colorimetry, blanching effect, pigments) and biochemical indices (moisture and dry matter, Total Soluble Solids (TSS), pH, Titratable Acidity (TA), TSS/TA ratio, ascorbic acid, Alcohol-Insoluble Solids (AIS), pectinesterase activity and pectin content). The analyses were performed at the laboratory of Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (INPA), Manaus, Brazil. The blanching process preserved pulp colors at all ripening stages. Chlorophylls were higher in green peels; flavonoids and carotenoids, in fully ripe peels. Anthocyanins were entirely absent. Pulp (turning fruits) showed the highest moisture content (91.05), followed by ripe pulp (90.70) and fully ripe pulp (90.62). Pulp TSS changed little whereas placenta TSS declined and were associated with increased TA and pH reduction (fully ripe fruits). Pulp pH and TA varied little whereas placenta pH was notably low and TA was remarkably high (fully ripe fruits). Pulp TSS/TA ratio showed predominance of TSS while in placenta, there was predominance of organic acids. AIS, precursors of pectin, were stable during ripening. The statistical analysis of dietary fiber content showed one modal value in the AIS. In pulp, pectinesterase activity correlated inversely with pectin content. Cubiu fruits were significant sources of bioactive compounds, e.g. chlorophylls, flavonoids and carotenoids, predominantly in the peel and the pulp; soluble functional fibers, e.g. pectin (g/100 g fresh weight), particularly in the green peel (1.00) and the fully ripe pulp (1.12), and other versatile molecules, e.g. ascorbic acid (mg/100 g fresh weight), especially in the fully ripe peel (32.45) and placenta (24.84) and the turning placenta (21.27). Cubiu fruits are rich in ascorbic acid and should be included in the human diet.

Implication of Water Activity on the Bioactive Compounds and Physical Properties of Cocona (Solanum Sessiliflorum Dunal) Chips

The effect of water activity on the quality parameters of cocona chips obtained by a combined osmotic dehydration and hot air-drying method has been studied. Applying the combined treatment resulted in a product with 0.055 ± 0.005 g water/g product in 4.3 h of drying. Although this treatment caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the bioactive compounds analyzed, the antioxidant activity of the samples remained stable compared to fresh fruit. The applied treatment permitted the development of a sweet, crispy snack with acceptable optical and mechanical properties. To evaluate the stability of the cocona chips during storage, the water sorption behaviour (20 °C) and the relationship between the water content, water activity and the glass transition were also studied. Results showed that in order to ensure the functional quality preservation of cocona chips during long-term storage and avoid the crispness loss, the glassy state of the amorphous matrix must be guaranteed.

Chemical characterization of the pulp, peel and seeds of cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal)

Summary The chemical characterization of the pulp, peel and seeds of cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) was determined. In artisanal fruit processing, 26.3% of peel and 9.7% of seeds were obtained. The seeds showed a high potential for the development of value-added products because of their dry matter contents (23.46%) as follows: carbohydrate (69.37% dry basis (d.b.)), nitrogen (3.18 g/100 g of seed d.b.), K (0.023 g/100 g of seed d.b.), Fe (0.0185 g/100 g of seed d.b.) and dietary fiber (21.27 g/100 g of seed d.b.). The carbohydrate, dietary fibre and mineral contents of the pulp, peel and seeds also highlighted the agroindustrial potential of the fruit in that these constituents could be used to develop functional foods, food additives, preparations for functional diets and dietary supplements.

&lt;b&gt;Changes in pectinases, dietary fibers, and physicochemical indices related to the flavor of cubiu fruits during ripening

The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the activity of pectinases (pectinesterase and polygalacturonase), dietary fiber content (alcohol-insoluble solids, pectin, and total fiber), and physicochemical indices related to the flavor (pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, Brix/acid ratio, and reducing and nonreducing sugars) of cubiu fruits (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) at different stages of ripening (green, turning, ripe, and fully ripe). Alcohol-insoluble solids and pectin were very similar, with the highest levels detected at the green and turning stages, and the lowest levels occurring at the fully ripe stage. The amount of total fiber was consistent at the green, turning, and ripe stages, but declined at the fully ripe stage. These changes correlated with the pectinase activities, the profiles of which resembled those of other species of the Solanaceae family during fruit ripening. However, cubiu fruits were significant sources of dietary fiber at all stages. The reducing sugar content reached the highest level at the turning stage, with glucose as the major sugar. The content of nonreducing sugars, such as sucrose, remained low at all stages. The other physicochemical indices displayed increases during ripening, characterizing cubiu as a very acidic fruit with a small degree of sweetness.

Respiratory Behavior and Preservation of Mana Cubiu Stored at Different Temperatures of Refrigeration

Mana-cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal), also known as cocona, mana, and tomate de indio, is a tropical shrub that produces an exotic fruit that is desirable due to its pleasant flavor and aroma. It used in popular medicine to reduce cholesterol, uric acid and glucose in the blood. The major chemical components in the dried fruit are citric acid (14% of the dry weight) and carbohydrates (32% of the dry weight), but also include 5- caffeoylquinic acid as the major phenolic compound, as well as β-carotene (7.15 μg/g dry weight), lutein (2.41 μg/g dry weight) and spermidine hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates. The respiratory behavior, weight loss and firmness of fruits from maná cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum) that were stored refrigerated at 6, 8, 10 and 24 °C were evaluated by the liberation of CO2 and their weights. Based on weight loss, storage at room temperature produced inferior quality after 8 days. At 6 and 8 °C the durability was 12 days. At 10 °C, there was less weight loss and better visual appearance. So, the best temperature for storage was found to be 10 °C. Keywords: Mana-cubiu, post-harvest, respiratory activity, Solanum sessiflorum Dunal, weight loss.

Development vegetative, productivity and gas exchange of Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal grown in protected environment and the field

Growing cubiu ( Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) is still very limited, mainly due to lack of technical information about the culture, creating a necessity to obtain knowledge about the adaptation and phenology, thus, improve the technological management. In the context of this information, the present study aimed to assess gas exchange and vegetative growth parameters and productivity cubiu in greenhouse and field. To run the experiment cultured cubiu in the external environment (field) and in a protected environment (en-vegetation), evaluating parameters of vegetative (stem diameter, plant height, and canopy volume), productivity (number of commercial and non-commercial fruits, and total production of commercial and non-commercial) fruit, gas exchange and SPAD index. Through the results it was found that performing the cultivation of cubiu the field are obtained better photosynthetic performance and water use efficiency (USA) and greater vegetative development and production of marketable fruits.

In vivo assessment of the cytotoxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of maná-cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) fruit

Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal is a native shrub often found in the Amazon Forest. Its fruits, known as maná-cubiu, possess an unusual flavor and are consumed in salads and juices, mainly by the local community of Northern Brazil. Because these fruits are used in traditional medicine as hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic agents, it is important to establish whether the consumption of maná-cubiu is safe using in vivo genotoxicity tests. Here, we investigated the genotoxic and antigenotoxic potential of maná-cubiu for doxorubicin (DXR)-induced DNA damage using the micronucleus test and the comet assay in Wistar rats. Moreover, oxidative stress parameters were determined in the heart and liver of the animals by measuring the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. The relative expression of Ptgs2 mRNA in the livers of the animals was also determined. The tests were performed with maná-cubiu pulp (125, 250, 375 or 500mg/kg body weight — b.w.) by gavage for 14days, followed by intraperitoneal injection of saline or DXR (16mg/kg b.w.) immediately after the last gavage, which occurred 24h before euthanasia. The results showed that maná-cubiu at all tested doses had no cytotoxic effects on bone marrow cells and was not genotoxic to heart or liver cells. In addition, maná-cubiu treatments decreased DXR-induced DNA damage according to the comet assay in heart and liver cells. Reductions in micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood cells occurred at 125, 250 and 375mg/kg b.w. doses of maná-cubiu, and the TBARS content induced by DXR was also reduced by maná-cubiu. Furthermore, maná-cubiu did not modulate the transcription of the Ptgs2 gene. In conclusion, maná-cubiu pulp fruit was not cytotoxic or genotoxic in Wistar rats, suggesting its safety for human consumption, at least considering genotoxic effects. The antioxidant capacity of maná-cubiu pulp fruit may contribute to the antigenotoxic effects of this fruit at the doses used in this study.

Nectar Mix Functional Based on Amazonian Fruits

Background: Functional foods are characterized by offering several health benefits beyond the nutritional value inherent in their chemical composition. Fruits are good suppliers of minerals, vitamins, fiber, and water. Some fruits can even provide small amounts of carbohydrates among other ingredients. Several fruit plants in the Amazon region have great economic potential due to their nutritious value. Fruits that are rich sources of dietary fiber, vitamin C and mineral elements. Implementation of Amazonian fruits cupuacu (Theobroma grandiflorum), camu-camu (Dunal Myrciaria dubia McVaugh), cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal), adjusting the proportions of the objectives of the functional product of biotechnology, aimed at producing a product with low energy and high nutritional value. Subjects/Methods: The preparation consisted of chemical and physicochemical analyses composition, analysis of inorganic constituents of the fruits, product formulation, microbiological analysis of formulated products, and sensory analysis. The sensory analysis of nectar was divided into nine sets, where for each concentration of pulp was determined the best concentration of sucralose. The experimental design used the factor 33 and descriptive statistics. Results: We developed a low calorie bioactive dietary nectar mix, sweetened with sweetener sucralose. The microbiological analysis of the formulation showed: Coliform bacteria, 0/ml; mesophylls (CPP) <10UFC/ml; psychrophilic (CPP) <10UFC/ml, molds and yeasts <10UFC/ml, and some Salmonella sp. The result was a lowenergy product, 59.441 kj/100 ml, and the nutritional assessment shows: Potassium 103.23 mg/100 ml; Calcium 7.15 mg/100 ml; Phosphorus 7.30 mg/100 ml; Fibers 1.45 g/100 ml; Vitamin B3 0.43 mg/100 ml; Vitamin C 260.83 mg/100 ml. The experimental design used the factor 33 and descriptive statistics showed confidence interval 95% and P value 0.03 and 0.58. Conclusion: This product can be consumed by almost all the population assisting in the nutrition of children, youth, adults, elders, and even during pregnancy. It can also to be assigned of diet and still be recommended to individuals with restriction of sugars.