Abstract
Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different coating materials on the physiological quality of cubiu seeds. This was evaluated with three agglomerate materials (manioc starch, inert talc and dolomitic limestone) and two binder polymers (polyvinyl acetate and gum arabic) with 30% concentration, and artificial dye finishing. The experimental design was completely randomized, in factorial scheme 3 (agglomerates) x 2 (binders), and additional treatment (bare seeds/control), containing four replicates and experimental units of fifty seeds/pellets. The seeds were evaluated for: yield; seed/pellet diameter; thousand seed weight; number of seeds per pellets; germination; germination speed index; mean germination time, seedling length; fresh and dry mass of the seedling and emergence. In general, pelletizing increased the weight and diameter of the propagation unit. The physical barrier applied to the seeds by pelletizing did not influence the germination, but delayed the germination rate concerning to bare seeds, and this effect was not observed in emergence seedling. The coating with dolomitic limestone and polyvinyl acetate presented the best results of germination and vigor.
Highlights
The cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal), belongs to the Solanaceae family, known as maná, manácubiu, topiro and indigenous tomato, originated from the Western Amazon, with distribution throughout the Brazilian, Peruvian and Colombian Amazon (ANDRADE JÚNIOR et al, 2017)
The seed coating promoted an increase in the propagation units’ mass of the order of 19 to 39 times compared to the bare seeds (Table 1)
The use of dolomitic limestone, regardless of the cementing material, provided the largest increase (38 to 39 times), while the other fillers, associated with different cements, had smaller increases (19 to 22 times). This was due to the higher density of the dolomitic limestone (2.87 g cm-3) concerning to manioc starch (1.56 g cm-3) and the inert talc (0.58 g cm-3)
Summary
The cubiu (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal), belongs to the Solanaceae family, known as maná, manácubiu, topiro and indigenous tomato, originated from the Western Amazon, with distribution throughout the Brazilian, Peruvian and Colombian Amazon (ANDRADE JÚNIOR et al, 2017). Its fruits are used on in natura form or industrially processed for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes (DONADIO; ZACCARO, 2012). It presents economic potential, given its rusticity, high fruit yield, nutritional value and multiplicity uses (SILVA FILHO et al, 2012a). The plant is herbaceous, predominantly autogamous and of annual cycle. It has a wide phenotypic variability, with berry type fruits, coloration between green to reddish brown of various sizes and formats, from subglobous to ovoid. It is formed by four to eight locules, containing from 500 to 2,000 small and flattened seeds, protected by placental mucilage, in which one gram of seeds can collect 1,000 units (SILVA FILHO et al, 2013)
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