Soil Response Research Articles

Effects of Shaking Intensity on Seismic Site Response of Deep Soft Soils

Effects of Shaking Intensity on Seismic Site Response of Deep Soft Soils

Response of the germinable soil seed bank of temperate Leymus chinensis meadows to mowing regimes

Mowing is a primary practice in temperate L. chinensis meadows, which are severely degraded due to frequent mowing, overgrazing, and other factors, necessitating restoration and sustainable management. The natural recovery of these grasslands hinges on their germinable soil seed banks, which form the basis for future productivity. Thus, germinable soil seed banks are critical for restoring overexploited meadows. In this study, we conducted germination experiments on 135 soil samples from various depths to comprehensively analyze the germinable seed bank under different mowing regimes. The main results were as follows: (1) the germinable soil seed bank density decreased significantly with a mowing event per year (C1), and the number of perennial grass seeds and upper grass seeds also decreased under the mowing event per year; (2) the size of the germinable soil seed bank increased under the other mowing regimes (control area without mowing or grazing, CK; mowing event every 2 years, C2; mowing event every 3 years, C3; and mowing event every six years, C6) relative to that under once-a-year mowing. With increasing soil depth, the number of germinable soil seeds decreased significantly. Most of the seeds in the germinable soil seed banks were distributed in the 0–2 cm soil layer, accounting for approximately 80% of the total, and at depths of 5–10 cm, the number of seeds of upper grasses was greater than that of perennial grasses. (3). During the mowing event each year, the seed bank of germinable soil seeds significantly decreased. Mowing every 2 years provides a one-year interval for natural vegetation growth, allowing for greater retention of seeds in the germinable soil seed bank. Mowing every 6 years significantly reduces the disturbance frequency, providing ample time for plant reproduction and resulting in the accumulation of germinable seeds in the soil.

Deciphering the Proteome and Phosphoproteome of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Pegs Penetrating into the Soil

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important crops for oil and protein production. The unique characteristic of peanut is geocarpy, which means that it blooms aerially and the peanut gynophores (pegs) penetrate into the soil, driving the fruit underground. In order to fully understand this phenomenon, we investigated the dynamic proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling of the pegs aerially and underground in this study. A total of 6859 proteins and 4142 unique phosphoproteins with 10,070 phosphosites were identified. The data were validated and quantified using samples randomly selected from arial pegs (APs) and underground pegs (UPs) by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Function analyses of differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) and differentially regulated phosphoproteins (DRPPs) exhibited that they were mainly related to stress response, photosynthesis, and substance metabolism. Once the pegs successfully entered the soil, disease-resistant and stress response proteins, such as glutathione S-transferase, peroxidase, and cytochrome P450, significantly increased in the UP samples in order to adapt to the new soil environment. The increased abundance of photosynthesis-associated proteins in the UP samples provided more abundant photosynthetic products, which provided the preparation for subsequent pod development. Phosphoproteomics reveals the regulatory network of the synthesis of nutrients such as starch, protein, and fatty acid (FA). These results provide new insights into the mechanism, indicating that after the pegs are inserted into the soil, phosphorylation is involved in the rapid elongation of the pegs, accompanied by supplying energy for pod development and preparing for the synthesis of metabolites during pod development following mechanical stimulation and darkness.

Quantitative Trait Loci for Phenology, Yield, and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Cowpea

Background/Objectives: Cowpea is an important legume crop in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and beyond. However, access to phosphorus (P), a critical element for plant growth and development, is a significant constraint in SSA. Thus, it is essential to have high P-use efficiency varieties to achieve increased yields in environments where little-to- no phosphate fertilizers are applied. Methods: In this study, crop phenology, yield, and grain P efficiency traits were assessed in two recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations across ten environments under high- and low-P soil conditions to identify traits’ response to different soil P levels and associated quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Single-environment (SEA) and multi-environment (MEA) QTL analyses were conducted for days to flowering (DTF), days to maturity (DTM), biomass yield (BYLD), grain yield (GYLD), grain P-use efficiency (gPUE) and grain P-uptake efficiency (gPUpE). Results: Phenotypic data indicated significant variation among the RILs, and inadequate soil P had a negative impact on flowering, maturity, and yield traits. A total of 40 QTLs were identified by SEA, with most explaining greater than 10% of the phenotypic variance, indicating that many major-effect QTLs contributed to the genetic component of these traits. Similarly, MEA identified 23 QTLs associated with DTF, DTM, GYLD, and gPUpE under high- and low-P environments. Thirty percent (12/40) of the QTLs identified by SEA were also found by MEA, and some of those were identified in more than one P environment, highlighting their potential in breeding programs targeting PUE. QTLs on chromosomes Vu03 and Vu08 exhibited consistent effects under both high- and low-P conditions. In addition, candidate genes underlying the QTL regions were identified. Conclusions: This study lays the foundation for molecular breeding for PUE and contributes to understanding the genetic basis of cowpea response in different soil P conditions. Some of the identified genomic loci, many being novel QTLs, could be deployed in marker-aided selection and fine mapping of candidate genes.

Single pile response to uplift load: Computational model and analysis

Uplift loading is imparted on piles when subjected to overturning moment on the supporting structures, seismic stresses or hydrostatic pressures. Although several experimental and theoretical studies are available on piles subjected to uplift load, a complete analysis on pile-soil interactive performance under such loading is limited. The authors have developed a numerical model based on boundary element technique considering hyperbolic stress-strain response of soil, elastic-perfectly plastic pile and interface slippage condition. The model is validated by comparison of numerical results with available laboratory and field test data wherein acceptable agreement is obtained. The model is utilized to carry out extensive parametric studies on uplift behavior of single piles in clay and sand including load-displacement responses, profiles for interface shear stress and uplift displacement, critical depths, etc. The load-displacement responses were found as initially linear, then hyperbolic. With depth, the magnitude of interface shear stress increased, while the pile displacements decreased. The L/D ratio influenced uplift pile capacity as well as limit-state displacement. Furthermore, a set of design curves are developed to ascertain the safety and serviceability criteria of uplift piles in clay and sand. From the entire work, a series of important conclusions are drawn.

Scaling and design of slurry fracturing on shield tunnel face using centrifugal modeling

The geotechnical centrifuge test offers a robust method for replicating real-world stress fields within small-scale models, which can provide an effective method for investigating the slurry fracturing phenomenon of the shield tunnel face. However, there are several factors involved in shield slurry fracturing include the interaction between soil, slurry, tunnel and other factors, especially the existence of various fluids makes the parameters scaling and equipment design more complicated in the model test. In this study, on the basis of elucidating the basic physical process of slurry fracturing of shield tunnel face, a model test similarity analysis method based on dimensionless numbers was proposed for simulating shield slurry fracturing. The similarity system of “tunnel-soil-slurry” based on Butterfield dimensional analysis method was established to guarantees the similarity between the model system and the prototype system in terms of size, material, dimensionless number, time, etc., so that the real physical process of shield slurry fracturing can be accurately restored. Then a novel set of centrifugal model test equipment for slurry fracturing were developed based on the continuous pressure control (CPC) method to verify the proposed similarity system. The centrifugal model test of slurry fracturing on excavation face was carried out for the first time and results demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed similarity system, with observation of fracture morphology and pressure behavior. Preliminary insights into the evolution of fracture initiation and propagation, soil response, as well as slurry flow rates during the fracturing process are discussed, providing a foundation for further research into the mechanics of slurry fracturing in shield tunneling.

An analytical shear modulus degradation model for carbonate sand supporting marine geostructures

The shear modulus degradation curve in normalized shear modulus vs. shear strain plane presents crucial information about the cyclic and/or dynamic response of soil, especially for undrained conditions. This study introduces an analytical shear modulus degradation model specifically for carbonate sand subjected to high-amplitude cyclic loading associated with marine geostructures. Unlike hard-grain siliceous sand, carbonate is soft and crushable under low confining conditions. To address this, we utilize a generic analytical shear modulus degradation model and enhance it for carbonate sand. The model coefficients are first calibrated based on existing cyclic experiments on carbonate sand collected from various offshore regions around the world, without taking into account the particle crushing effect. Later, cyclic undrained tests are numerically simulated, accounting for the particle-crushing effect using a bounding surface plasticity soil model. The simulation results show a noticeable shift in the shear modulus degradation curves while accounting for the particle breakage compared to non-crushable sands, irrespective of cyclic stress ratio conditions. Based on the numerical simulations, the analytical model is further refined through evolving characteristics of sand gradation (i.e., coefficient of uniformity). The proposed model is validated with separate experimental results of carbonate sand subjected to different confining pressures.

Antibiotic legacies shape the temperature response of soil microbial communities.

Soil microbial communities are vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances such as climate change and land management decisions, thus altering microbially-mediated ecosystem functions. Increasingly, multiple stressors are considered in investigations of ecological response to disturbances. Typically, these investigations involve concurrent stressors. Less studied is how historical stressors shape the response of microbial communities to contemporary stressors. Here we investigate how historical exposure to antibiotics drives soil microbial response to subsequent temperature change. Specifically, grassland plots were treated with 32-months of manure additions from cows either administered an antibiotic or control manure from cows not treated with an antibiotic. In-situ antibiotic exposure initially increased soil respiration however this effect diminished over time. Following the 32-month field portion, a subsequent incubation experiment showed that historical antibiotic exposure caused an acclimation-like response to increasing temperature (i.e., lower microbial biomass at higher temperatures; lower respiration and mass-specific respiration at intermediate temperatures). This response was likely driven by a differential response in the microbial community of antibiotic exposed soils, or due to indirect interactions between manure and soil microbial communities, or a combination of these factors. Microbial communities exposed to antibiotics tended to be dominated by slower-growing, oligotrophic taxa at higher temperatures. Therefore, historical exposure to one stressor is likely to influence the microbial community to subsequent stressors. To predict the response of soils to future stress, particularly increasing soil temperatures, historical context is necessary.

Improved Fictitious Soil Pile Model for Simulating the Base Soil Under the High‐Strain Condition

ABSTRACTThe dynamic pile‐soil interaction significantly affects the accuracy of pile vibration response analysis. However, currently, there is no well‐established method for simulating pile toe soil under high‐strain dynamic loading (HSDL), which presents a major challenge for pile driving analysis. This paper proposes a fictitious soil pile model to simulate reactions and stress wave propagation in the base soil under HSDL. The pile toe soil was regarded as a fictitious soil pile extending downward to the bedrock at a certain cone angle, considering the non‐linear soil stiffness, radiation damping, and hysteretic damping. The solution of the soil responses was given by differential iterative method combined with MTLAB programming. The model's accuracy was validated against a three‐dimensional (3D) finite element model and the Smith model. Sensitivity analysis was performed on parameters such as discreteness, time interval, cone angle, and non‐linear stiffness. The model shows advantages in simulating stress wave propagation in pile toe soil under HSDL, with attenuation rates decreasing with depth and wave speeds stabilizing after an initial decrease. The soil elastic modulus, pile diameter, cone angle, and impact loads influence the attenuation rate, while only the elastic modulus significantly affects wave speed. The results could be helpful for the simulation of the pile toe soil under HSDL and the study of the attenuation of stress waves in the soil.

Fire Reduces Soil Nitrate Retention While Increasing Soil Nitrogen Production and Loss Globally.

Elucidating the response of soil gross nitrogen (N) transformations to fires could improve our understanding of how fire affects N availability and loss. Yet, how internal soil gross N transformation rates respond to fires remains unexplored globally. Here, we investigate the general response of gross soil N transformations to fire and its consequences for N availability and loss. The results showed that fire increased gross N mineralization rate (GNM; +38%) and ammonium concentration (+47%) as a result of decreased soil C/N ratio but decreased microbial nitrate immobilization (INO3; -56%), resulting in increased nitrous oxide (N2O; +50%) and nitric oxide (+121%) emissions and N leaching (+308%). Time since fire affected soil N cycling and loss. Fire increased GNM, ammonium concentration, and N2O emission, and decreased INO3 only when time since fire was less than one year, while increased N leaching in the short (<one year) and long (>one year) terms. Thus, the consequences of fire were a short-lived increase in N availability and N2O emissions (lasting less than one year) but with persistent risks of N loss by leaching over time. Overall, fire increased the potential risks of N loss by stimulating N production and inhibiting nitrate retention.

Mechanical Behavior of Marine Soft Soil with Different Water Contents Under Cyclic Loading

This study integrates macroscopic dynamic triaxial tests with microscopic discrete element simulations to comprehensively examine the dynamic deformation characteristics of marine soft soils under cyclic loading. Unlike previous research that typically focuses solely on experimental or numerical methods, this approach combines both techniques to enable a holistic analysis of soil behavior. The dynamic triaxial tests assessed macroscopic responses, including strain evolution and energy dissipation, under varying dynamic stress ratios, confining pressures, and water contents. Concurrently, discrete element simulations uncovered the microscopic mechanisms driving these behaviors, such as particle rearrangement, porosity variations, and shear zone development. The results show that (1) The strain range of marine soft soils increases significantly with higher dynamic stress ratios, confining pressures, and water contents; (2) Cumulative dynamic strain and particle displacement intensify at water contents of 50% and 55%. However, at a water content of 60%, the samples exhibit significant damage characterized by the formation of shear bands throughout the entire specimen; (3) As water content increases, energy dissipation in marine soft soils accelerates under lower confining pressures but increases more gradually under higher confining pressures. This behavior is attributed to enhanced particle packing and reduced pore space at elevated confining pressures. This integrated methodology not only enhances analytical capabilities but also provides valuable engineering insights into the dynamic response of marine soft soils. The findings offer essential guidance for the design and stabilization of marine soft soil infrastructure in coastal urban areas.

Mechanisms of Vertical and Horizontal Seismic Motions on Foundation Liquefaction Response and Uplift of Subway Stations

ABSTRACT Historical earthquake-induced damage and studies have shown that the impact of vertical earthquake motions on sand liquefaction cannot be ignored in liquefiable sites with underground structures. Therefore, this study performed a finite element-finite difference (FE-FD) coupling numerical method to compare the influence of different seismic component excitations (vertical, horizontal, and bidirectional) on sand liquefaction with and without subway stations and to further explore the uplift mechanism of the subway station under vertical earthquake motion. The results revealed that the liquefaction response of the foundation soil is much different in the model with and without the subway station. In a liquefiable site with a subway station, the vertical seismic component may also trigger soil liquefaction due to soil structure interaction, while in the unstructured site, it cannot trigger liquefaction. The vertical seismic component will aggravate the degree of liquefaction and horizontal acceleration response of soil near subway stations, and the extent of this influence decreases with the increase of horizontal distance between the soil and the side wall of the subway station. In addition, the influence of vertical earthquake motions on the uplift of subway stations is related to seismic wave characteristics and the value of Arias intensity. The mechanism of the effect of vertical earthquake motion on the uplift of subway stations is to reduce friction between structure and soil and increase the flow deformation of the soil.

Alternative Design Approach Addressing High Shear Demands in Rock Sockets

It is a common strategy to “socket” drilled shafts into rock to develop lateral or axial capacity where overburden soils are shallow and/or relatively weak compared with the underlying rock formation. Methods of numerically modeling soil-structure interaction using discrete, nonlinear springs representing soil response as a function of pile discplacement (p-y methods) demonstrate shear forces near the top of the rock sockets that are significantly larger than the applied forces to the drilled shaft. The amplification effect has been shown to decrease with decreasing rock quality. The ensuing shear forces can often significantly exceed the structural capacity of rock sockets as calculated using traditional sectional methods with practical reinforcing ratios. Considering the mechanics and geometric characteristics of load transfer through the rock socket into the supporting geomaterial, it is apparent these elements should be characterized as D-regions for which an STM approach is an appropriate tool for assessing the rock socket structural capacity. Such an approach has been demonstrated to yield drilled shaft and rock socket sections that are more economical and constructable.

Meta-analysis of Organic Carbon in Sandy Soil in Response to Amendment Application

Proper application of soil amendments can effectively increase the accumulation of soil organic carbon （SOC） in poor soils, thereby enhancing soil fertility level. The impacts of different types of amendments on the SOC content of sandy soils varies widely. Investigating the effects of various amendments on the SOC content of sandy soils and associated key controlling factors provides a scientific basis for formulating strategies to enhance the fertility of sandy soils. A data set was established with 617 pairs of data from 114 published studies that reported the effects of amendment application on SOC content of sandy soil during 1987 and 2023. Meta-analysis was used to quantitatively analyze the effects of amendment application on the SOC content of sandy soil globally under the conditions of various amendment types and application rates, climates, and soil properties. This study also investigated the major controlling factors for the changes in SOC in sandy soil after amendment application using regression analysis and random forest model. The research results showed that： ① Amendment application significantly increased SOC content by 61% on average in sandy soils and the application of inorganic amendment increased SOC in sandy soils （161%） to a significantly greater extent than that of organic amendment （37%） and compound amendment （54%）. ② The application amount and duration of inorganic amendments had no significant effect on the increase of SOC in sandy soil. Among the organic amendments, the increase of SOC in sandy soil was enhanced with the increase in the application amount of biomass carbon and organic fertilizer and decreased with the application duration of the amendment. ③ Climatic conditions, the amount and duration of amendments, and soil physicochemical properties combined explained 88% of the variability in SOC response in sandy soils. The magnitudes of SOC change due to amendment application significantly decreased with increased average annual temperature, initial SOC content, and soil pH, however, positively correlated with aridity, soil bulk density, and sand content. The application of amendments significantly increased SOC content in sandy soils. The type and application amounts of amendments, climatic conditions, and soil properties strongly regulated SOC in response to amendments. Therefore, the type and amounts of amendment, climate, and soil conditions should be comprehensively considered when applying amendments to effectively increase the organic carbon content and fertility level of sandy soils.

Bibliometric analysis of research trends in agricultural soil organic carbon components from 2000 to 2023.

Soil organic carbon is a vital component of the soil carbon pool. Investigation of its composition and dynamics is crucial for enhancing carbon sequestration in soils and for stabilizing the global carbon cycle. In recent years, considerable research has focused on the interactions between soil organic carbon components and their responses to varied land use and agricultural practices. However, the mechanism of soil organic carbon sequestration and response characteristics of soil organic carbon components to soil carbon pools are still subject to some debate. To the best of our knowledge, no researchers have used bibliometric analyses to explore the field of soil organic carbon components. This study thus involved the use of bibliometric techniques to identify research hotspots in the study of organic carbon components over the last 23 years and future trends in research development. Specifically, we performed a comprehensive literature review of 607 documents pertaining to organic carbon components using the Web of Science database, covering the period from 2000 to 2023. Employing CiteSpace, we visualized and analyzed the data across national, institutional, disciplinary, and keyword dimensions. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive, systematic, and quantitative analysis of publications pertaining to organic carbon component research. The results indicate that researchers in the United States and China have substantially influenced the study of soil organic carbon components. Since 2000, the United States has pioneered the study of soil organic carbon components, establishing a foundational role in this field of research. Meanwhile, China leads with the largest number of publications and the most diverse research directions in this field. Among the institutions involved in such research, the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences has the highest number of publications. The investigation of soil organic carbon components within agricultural systems is inherently multidisciplinary, with the most comprehensive research being performed within the soil sciences discipline. At present, the focal areas of research on soil organic carbon components predominantly revolve around the impacts of straw return to fields, varying land-use changes, restoration of vegetation, and the reciprocal effects of soil organic carbon components on the restoration of vegetation. The findings of this work highlight the research hotspots within the field of soil organic carbon components and the emerging trends within this field. This work offers novel insights into the dynamics of soil organic carbon components, potentially guiding future studies in this vital field.

Elasto-plastic solution for undrained cylindrical cavity expansion in refuse soil

To address geotechnical engineering issues such as pile driving, lateral pressure tests, and static cone penetration tests on increasing number of infrastructure projects being constructed on landfills, an elasto-plastic theoretical solution for the undrained cylindrical cavity expansion in refuse soil is proposed in this paper based on an elasto-plastic constitutive model for refuse soil considering the reinforcement effect of fibers, along with a large deformation theory. The correctness of the results is validated through comparison with existing solutions based on the modified Cam-clay model. The results indicate that the response of columnar pore expansion in refuse soil is significantly different from that in ordinary soil. Near the pore, refuse soil does not enter a critical state, only the slurry-like components do. Subsequently, the reinforcement effect of the fiber material begins to manifest. Refuse soils with different fiber contents undergo both elastic and plastic stages before reaching the critical state line of the slurry-like components in the soil. They then move a certain distance along this line to reach a maximum. Given the rarity of engineering construction on similar sites in the past, the unique response of refuse soil during cylindrical cavity expansion should be given special attention.

Climate Resilient and Sustainable Infrastructures: Geotechnical Challenges of Problematic Soils in Nigeria

Climate change adaptation and sustainable infrastructure development are important in Nigeria due to different climate zones and poor soil types like expansive clays, laterite and peat grounds. The review highlights the necessity of incorporating climate change adaptation into infrastructure development processes to minimise the potential impacts of direct climate change phenomena, including extreme rainfall, flood, and temperature. It emphasises the importance of geotechnical engineering in tackling such challenges and advancing tools and frameworks required for constructing structures that successfully counter the undesirable soil responses caused by climate change. The review used literature search methods and data synthesis to identify empirical works that explore the geotechnical problems associated with Nigeria's problematic soils and their effects on infrastructures’ durability. It organises results according to soil categories and introduces new geotechnical interventions, emphasizing chemical and mechanical stabilization methods to improve overall structural resilience. It also touches on some areas of policy and regulation that need reform in Nigeria to provide broader guidelines for geotechnical investigations and the adoption of new materials for construction. The manuscript concludes with policy implications and recommendations for implementing and developing solutions for climate-resilient infrastructure in Nigeria against climate change unpredictability concerning socio-economic activities and human life.

Influence of velocity on conductor casing driving via Material Point Method

The conductor is the first casing settled in an oil well and it has important functions regarding the initial phase of well construction. Some of its functions are to bear loads from the wellhead, bear the surface casing during its cementation, and insulate unconsolidated formations. The soil response to the conductor settlement is an important factor, for a poor settlement may cause excessive wear on the wellhead equipment or even the loss of the well. Therefore, a simulation of the self-weight phase of a conductor driving was conducted to enhance knowledge about the soils state during this process. The soil was modeled as soft clay, and the mechanical behavior was described by the Mohr-Coulomb model. As the conductor driving results in large displacements in a short period, the traditional Finite Element Method (FEM) is unable to model this system. Therefore, the Material Point Method (MPM), which is a modification of FEM, was used to model the conductor-soil system. Three conductor velocities were simulated and the resultant force in the casing outer surface was analyzed. The soil’s stress state, displacement, and velocities were studied.

Response of soil carbon and nitrogen stocks to irrigation - A global meta-analysis

Irrigation has profound influences on carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks in agricultural soil. However, the global-scale irrigation effects on C and N pools in farmland soils, as well as the C: N ratio (C/N), remain unclear. This study integrates existing studies on C and N in irrigated farmland worldwide and investigates the responses of soil C and N concentrations, stocks, and the C/N to irrigation by meta-analysis. The results suggest that irrigation has a significantly positive impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks overall, with the stocks increase by 10.9 % and 7.4 %, respectively, and a 3.1 % increase in the C/N, but has no significant impact in soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC). The positive feedback of SOC (6.0 %) and TN (6.6 %) stocks in topsoil is more pronounced in response to irrigation than that in subsoil. The impact of irrigation on SOC stocks is greater in semi-arid regions and under flood irrigation. Furthermore, SOC stocks increase more in sandy and loamy soils compared to clay soil, while TN exhibits larger increases in clay soil. The results also indicate that the response of C/N to irrigation is more pronounced under the condition of deep soil, sandy soil, and semi-arid regions. The influence of irrigation on SOC stocks and the C/N increases with the duration of irrigation, while the impact on TN stocks tends to weaken. Our study deepens the understanding of the mechanisms behind irrigation's effects on soil C and N stocks and therefore provides theoretical insights for the management of soil fertility in irrigated agriculture.

High-temporal-resolution ERT characterization for vegetation effects on soil hydrological response under wet-dry cycles

Characterization of vegetation effect on soil response is essential for comprehending site-specific hydrological processes. Traditional research often relies on sensors or remote sensing data to examine the hydrological properties of vegetation zones, yet these methods are limited by either measurement sparsity or spatial inaccuracy. Therefore, this paper is the first to propose a data-driven approach that incorporates high-temporal-resolution electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to quantify soil hydrological response. Time-lapse ERT is deployed on a vegetated slope site in Foshan, China, during a discontinuous rainfall induced by Typhoon Haikui. A total of 97 ERT measurements were collected with an average time interval of 2.7hours. The Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is applied to quantify the level of response and objectively classify impact zones based on features extracted directly from the ERT data. The resistivity-moisture content correlation is established based on on-site sensor data to characterize infiltration and evapotranspiration across wet-dry conditions. The findings are compared with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a common indicator for vegetation quantification, to reveal potential spatial errors in remote sensing data. In addition, this study provides discussions on the potential applications and future directions. This paper showcases significant spatio-temporal advantages over existing studies, providing a more detailed and accurate characterization of superficial soil hydrological response.