Soils Of Different Areas Research Articles

Adaptability of Koenigia mollis to an Acid Tin Mine Wasteland in Lianghe County in Yunnan Province

To explore the potential of Koenigia mollis as a pioneer plant in acid tin mine wasteland, Koenigia mollis plants and the corresponding rhizosphere soils in different areas in Lianghe County, Yunnan Province were collected, and their chemical properties and heavy metals contents were determined., the adaptability of the plant to the barren tailing environment and its acid resistance and tolerance to heavy metal such as Cu (Cu, CAS. No. 7144-37-8), Cd (Cd, CAS. No. 7440-43-9) and Pb (Pb, CAS. No. 10099-74-8) pollution were analyzed. Results showed that Koenigia mollis growth was normal. The pH value in rhizosphere soils was 3.74–4.30, which was strongly acidic. The organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN) (N, CAS. No. 7727-37-9), available potassium (AK) (K, CAS. No. 7440-09-7), and available phosphorus (AP) (P, CAS. No. 7723-14-0) contents in soils of the research area were in low levels. The total contents of Cu, Cd, and Pb in the soil of the research area exceeded the pollution risk screening value for the national risk control standard of soil environmental quality, indicating that Koenigia mollis has a certain resistance to acid and heavy metal pollution. In addition, Koenigia mollis has strong transport and enrichment capacity for Cu, Cd, and Pb and therefore has potential as a pioneer phytoremediation plant for acid tin mine wastelands and a remediated plant for agricultural land around metal mining areas.

Nematode Toxocara canis as a Probable Epidemic, Sanitary and Hygienic Threat to Public Health in the Southern Region of the Russian Federation

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, Toxocara canis, a nematode in the order Ascarididia, is an epidemic and epizootic risk factor for humans and animals around the world and in the Russian Federation. Human toxocariasis is one of the commonest parasitic zoonoses with up to 900 million incident cases registered annually in different age and social groups of the population and a global public health problem of our time. Objective: To study the nematode Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782) as a health risk factor for the population of southern regions the Russian Federation. Materials and methods: We estimated the incidence of larval toxocariasis in the population of 10 districts and two cities of Karachay-Cherkessia based on the results of enzyme immunoassay of blood samples of 6,000 people in 2019–2022. The Tiascar diagnostic test kit (2017) was applied showing toxocariasis for the antibody titer ≥ 1:800 and infestation with Toxocara larvae for those of 1:200 and 1:400. The stool ova and parasite test was used to study 600 dog stool samples from the study areas. In addition, 1,200 soil samples were tested for the presence of Toxocara canis eggs. Results: We established that the incidence rate of larval toxocariasis in the population of 10 districts and two cities of Karachay-Cherkessia varied from 2.00 to 5.40 %. Toxocara canis larvae were not found in human feces, since humans are a biological dead end for this species of worms. Toxocara canis infestation rates in feces of dogs ranged from 2.7 ± 0.4 to 6.9 ± 0.8 eggs/g, potentially accounting for a high level of soil contamination with eggs. The current epidemic situation of human toxocariasis in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic is relatively favorable owing to planned preventive measures. Yet, this constituent entity is at risk of the disease in the future since the number of children, adults and migrants with larval toxocariasis shows a dynamic growth throughout the year. Conclusion: Incidence rates of larval toxocariasis in the child population and migrants demonstrate a 2.74–2.78-fold increase during the year. Toxocara canis eggs contaminate 46 to 94 % of soils in different areas of the republic posing high risks of larval toxocariasis for the local population. In terms of canine toxocariasis, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic can be attributed to disadvantaged territories of the North Caucasian Federal District.

Determination of the Influence of the Disturbance Caused by Traversing Cross-Type Deep Foundation Pit Excavations

Accurately recognizing the influence of excavation disturbance on the traversing cross-type deep foundation pit of the subway, determining the active range of the disturbance, and reasonably arranging the structure within its range can effectively ensure the safety of the project and save resources to achieve the goal of sustainable development. A three-dimensional model was established using the soil small strain hardening model to examine the subway deep foundation pit project in the CBD (central business district) core area of Fuzhou Coastal New City, where the soil is mainly soft soil with high natural water content, high compressibility, and weak permeability. The model was verified against the theoretical solution of Melan, and the deformation characteristics of the cross-asymmetric foundation pit excavation were analyzed. The results show that, due to repeated disturbance from excavation and unloading between the foundation pits, the soil arching effect, and changes in the boundary conditions, the structure at the intersection and the surrounding soil interact. The horizontal displacement of the retaining structure and the surrounding surface settlement are quite different from those observed from a single foundation pit excavation. For instance, the maximum horizontal displacement of profile 1-3 in Zone I decreases by 26.1%, while the maximum horizontal displacement of profile 1-1 in Zone II increases by 20.4%, and the maximum surface settlement around the profiles also has similar characteristics. The disturbance on the retaining structure and soil in different areas at the intersection can be divided into positive and negative effects. The active range of the “disturbance influence zone” is determined: the foundation pit of Metro Line 6 is 3.5 He and the foundation pit of Metro Line F1 is 3.0 He. Finally, the influence of changes in the groundwater level on the active range of the “disturbance influence zone” is discussed.

A Case Study Assessing the Liquefaction Hazards of Silt Sediments Based on the Horizontal-to-Vertical Spectral Ratio Method

Silt liquefaction can occur due to the rapid cyclic loading of sediments. This can result in the loss of the bearing capacity of the underlying sediments and damage to the foundations and infrastructure. Therefore, assessing liquefaction hazards is an important aspect of disaster prevention and risk assessment in geologically unstable areas. The purpose of this study is to assess the liquefaction hazards of silt sediments by using the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method. Single-station noise recording was carried out in the northern plain of the Yellow River Delta, and a new method was adopted to identify the fundamental frequency. The dynamic parameters of the silt, such as the fundamental frequency, amplification, and vulnerability index, were used as indicators to assess the liquefaction potential. The results show that the silty soils in different areas have different stable ranges of values of the fundamental frequency. Moreover, the distribution of the observations is in good agreement with the geological conditions in the area, which indicates the potential applicability and reliability of the new method for identifying fundamental frequency. The vulnerability index is inversely related to the fundamental frequency, with the southwestern part of the study area having a lower fundamental frequency and a higher vulnerability index, meaning a greater liquefaction risk compared to other areas. The horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio method has great advantages in characterizing subsurface dynamic parameters and can be applied to liquefaction hazard assessments of silt sediments in large areas, which is critically important in terms of providing information and guidance for urban construction and planning.

Remediation of Cadmium and Lead in contaminated soils by a newly modified fly ash material: The possibility and safety

Heavy metal (HM) contamination in soils harms the organisms through the food chain. A large number of methods have been used to alleviate soil pollution. However, there is a lack of information about soil security after amendments. A new material, modified fly ash (MFA), was developed by a low-temperature and alkali calcination technology, and explored the possibility and safety for remediation of lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) contaminated soils. The remediation efficiency was studied through pots experiments. To ensure accuracy, soils were collected in three different areas; a similar material, zeolite (ZO), known for its good remediation of HMs, was introduced for comparison. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) were introduced to better understand the repair mechanism; the soil pH, the concentration of Cd and Pb in soil and plant, soil enzyme activity were detected to explore the possible and safety of MFA. The main remediation mechanisms may be ion exchange, surface affinity and complexation. The MFA reduces the concentrations of bio-available Cd (53.44%–92.01%) and Pb (28.96%–35.56%) in soils. Then their concentration in Solanum nigrum L. ( S. nigurm ) also be decreased (in the root and above-ground (stems and leaves): 44.58%–66.44% and 53.87%–73.28% for Cd, 21.01%–53.63% and 15.91%–33.27% for Pb.). Besides, the activities of urease (URE), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and protease (PRE) were 3.12–5.28, 1.09–1.69, and 7.08–47.80 times of those in the initial phase of the experiment, respectively. Consequently, MFA has excellent remediation ability for contaminated soils in different areas and soil quality has been improved. • MFA can be successfully prepared by low-temperature and NaOH fusion. • MFA can reduce the bio-available of Cd and Pb in soil. • The application of MFA can reduce the enrichment of Cd and Pb in S.nigrum • The activities of URE, ALP and PRE were improved with the MFA application. • Remediation mechanisms is Ion exchange, surface affinity and complexation.

Species and quantitative composition of the mycoflora of gray forest soil in intensive horticulture and crop production

The article examines the mycoflora of the soil in different areas of agricultural land use for intensive cultivation of crops. The aim of the article is too study the number of soil mycoflora in different areas of agricultural land use with intensive cultivation of crops (horticulture and feld crop rotations). In the conditions of Vinnytsia region the quantitative and species composition of fungal groups of gray forest soil under intensive horticulture and crop production was studied. Research on microbiological diversity of soils were carried out in the Tivriv district of Vinnytsia region on the example of agricultural land of the LLC «Agro-Etalon». Soil microorganisms are convenient object of observation. Based on the analysis of literature sources, the determining role of microorganisms in maintaining homeostasis, restoring soil fertility and crop formation has been established. The study of the qualitative and quantitative state of the soil microbiota allows to improve the conditions and methods of agriculture in order to improve the state of the soil microbiota, and hence soil fertility. As the result the most common types of soil micromycetes characteristic of both studied objects were identifed. Among them are Penicillium rubrum, P. variabile, P. canescens, Arthrinium phaeospermum, Mortierella alpina, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride and Fusarium graminear. The structure of the microbial coenosis and the ratio of the number of ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms differ depending on the direction of use of agricultural land. The soils of the apple orchard under intensive horticulture contained a smaller total number of thousands of colony-forming units per gram of soil, saprotrophic fungal species and are represented by a much smaller list of fungal genera compared to the soil under intensive vegetation. At the same time, it should be noted that soils under orchards were characterized by a higher share of pathogenic, potential toxin-forming fungi and antagonist fungi than the total number of isolated fungi compared to soils used under crops. Key words: soil, fungi, mycoflora, micromycetes, intensive gardening, intensive crop production.

Rapid identification of soil types in agricultural land based on laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS)

The difference in the nutrient content and harmful heavy metal content of different regions and types of soils can have a certain impact on the crops grown on them. Different crop varieties have their own ecologically suitable areas for planting. Identification of the types of agricultural soil from different regions, can quickly providing references for the selection and cultivation of crops on different types/regions of soil, which is conducive to ensuring the safety of agricultural products. This study is carried out using a laser-induced breakdown spectra (LIBS) device with a frequency-doubled 532 nm excitation wavelength, a laser pulse width of 8 ns, a repetition frequency of 5 Hz, and a pulsed laser energy of 15 mJ. The LIBS data of nine standard agricultural soils collected from different regions. Each sample is collected 60 sets of spectra and a total of 540 sets of data are obtained. At first, the all obtained spectral data are normalized to compensate for the spectral changes in the measurement process. Then the spectral data in the 200–800 nm band are analyzed. Randomly select 30 %, 50 %, and 70 % of the spectral data according to the Kennard-Stone (KS) classification as the training set, and the remaining spectral data as the test set. The Support Vector Machine (SVM) model is used to classify and identify the soil samples of agricultural soil in different areas. The results show that when 30 % of the spectral data are selected as the training set, the accuracy of identifying different agricultural soil types is 88.6 %, and the accuracy of identifying all nine types of agricultural soils is above 76.7 %. The accuracy of soil identification for the two types of agricultural soil is 100 %, and the identification accuracy for the seven types of soil is above 86 %. When 50 % spectral data are selected as training set, the overall recognition accuracy can reach 95.9 %, the recognition accuracy of 8 types of agricultural soil samples is above 90.5 %, and the recognition accuracy of 4 types of soils can reach 100 %, The recognition accuracy of only one type of soil is less than 90 %, which is 86.7 %. When the selected training set contains 70 % of spectral data, the overall recognition accuracy can reach 96.3 %, the recognition accuracy of 8 types of agricultural soil samples is above 90 %, and the accuracy of 1 type of agricultural soil recognition is less than 90 %, which is 89.19 %. The results show that LIBS technology can be applied to the rapid identification of soil types in agricultural soils.

NIR Spectroscopy and Aquaphotomics Approach to Identify Soil Characteristics as a Function of the Sampling Depth

Soil is a very complex medium made of minerals, organic matter, microorganisms, air, and water. Vibrational spectroscopy techniques are exceptionally well-suited to be used with portable and hand-held devices. In this study, NIR spectroscopy was applied using portable instrumentation and the holistic Aquaphotomics approach to identify the differences in three Mediterranean soil profiles from Sardinia (Italy). The soil samples (95) collected from alluvial and loess-sampling sites in the three study areas of North Sardinia (i.e., Arborea, Berchidda, and Ottava) underwent preliminary oven-drying at 40 °C and sieving (mesh size of 2 mm) to remove skeletal particles, large roots, and organic debris. Data on soil spectra were collected in duplicate using the microNIR OnSite-W spectrometer (VIAVI Srl, Italy) in reflectance mode from 900 – 1,600 nm (50 scans; 125 reading points). Then, the data on the absorbance from 1,300 to 1,550 nm were statistically processed to construct the aquagrams and perform a PCA (95% confidence level). The suitability of using a portable instrument to identify the kind of soil in different areas, for example, in areas that have undergone desertification, can help in soil classification and the rapid and non-destructive analysis of its characteristics. The Aquaphotomics approach could detect considerable variation (particularly in the soil from Arborea) associated with the sampling depth.

Assessment of trace element pollution in northern and western Iranian agricultural soils: a review.

The pollution of Iranian agricultural soils with trace elements (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) was assessed and compared with other agricultural soils around the world. Experimental data on trace element content in Iranian agricultural areas in the west and north were collected from the literature: 39 studies covered a total of 46 agricultural sites of 17 provinces in Iran, in order to characterize their patterns of accumulation of trace elements. Two pollution indices, namely, the pollution index (PI) and the integrated pollution index (IPI), were used to evaluate trace element accumulation. The data revealed a remarkable variation in trace element content among soils in different areas. Exploratory data analyses (EDAs) showed that a number of trace elements (Pb, Cu, and Zn) are asymmetrically distributed and scattered. Surveys indicated that 45.5% of the studied samples had elevated PI values for Cd, 13.0% for Cu, and 16.7% for Pb, clearly indicating an anthropogenic contribution of these three elements. The IPI of the agricultural soils also indicated that most areas are classified as having moderate and high pollution. Higher contents of trace elements (except for Mn) were found in some cities of the Isfahan, Hamadan, and Tehran provinces. Excessive application of conventional and organic fertilizers, pesticides, animal manure, and sewage sludge for enhancing crop production is responsible for high trace element content in Iran's agricultural soils. This in turn, through the food chain, is a threat to human health. Analysis of the correlation between trace elements exhibited that Cu, Pb, and Zn(Cd, Pb and Zn) were very closely associated with each other, showing that their prevalent sources are common and the efforts to regulate them linked in common actions. We consider this evaluation as a viable approach to other similar areas in the Middle East and beyond, which could be used by environmental scientists for risk assessment and decision making.

Production of dallisgrass in response to NPK fertilizer in southwest China and its implications for cultivation

AbstractDallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.), a warm‐season forage, is a perennial grass with high nutritional value, good palatability and high‐stress resistance in subtropical regions worldwide. However, very limited information is available on the cultivation of dallisgrass, especially in southwest China. Soils in different areas with pasture cultivation histories were collected and mixed evenly as substrate soil. Pot experiments after fertilization with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are used to analyze the dallisgrass growth characteristics, dry matter biomass (DM), photosynthetic characteristics, nutrient accumulation, agronomic efficiency (AE), partial factor productivity (PFP) and recovery efficiency (RE). A three‐factor (N, P, K) and five‐level (N: 0, 48.66, 120, 191.34 and 240 kg/ha; P: 0, 68.93, 170, 271.07 and 340 kg/ha; K: 0, 30.41, 75, 119.59 and 150 kg/ha) quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design was used with three experimental plots per management strategy for multiple comparisons within each harvest. Compared with no fertilization, the optimal treatment (OPT, N 48.66 kg/ha, P 68.93 kg/ha, K 119.59 kg/ha) increased yield by 46.3%, but the effect of NPK alone was not significant. This is because OPT improves the morphology and photosynthetic characteristics of dallisgrass, cause the dry matter during the growth period is significantly (p < .05) increased, and the average nutrient use efficiency (7.45%) under the OPT management measures was much higher than the under N, P and K fertilization alone (approximately 2.61 times). More meaningfully, we found that the demand for P and K fertilizer in dallisgrass in a typical subtropical mountainous region of China is higher than that for N. Overall, these findings have important implications for the cultivation of dallisgrass.

Spatial Distribution Characteristic of Antimony in Typical Paddy Soil of Eastern Hunan Province, China

Considering the eastern part of Hunan Province as the research area, 34 sampling sites were set up, 198 samples were collected from representative paddy soil, the distribution characteristics of antimony (Sb) were studied. The results showed that: (1) The content of Sb on the surface of paddy soil ranging from 0.07 to 11.00 mg/kg and the geometric mean was 1.56 mg/kg. (2) The distribution of contents of Sb in paddy soil in different areas was shown as Yueyang > Changsha > Zhuzhou > Xiangtan. (3) Sb showed a strong migration in paddy soil in the research area and its content increased initially and then decreased or gradually decreased with the increase of profile depth. (4) The content of Sb in the substratum was significantly affected by parent materials.

Spatial-temporal analysis and background value determination of molybdenum concentration in basins with high molybdenum geochemical background - A case study of the upper Yi River basin

The environmental background value of the river section is important. It can be used to evaluate the effect of pollution control of the upstream of that river section, analyze the trend of environmental pollution, and assist the government to make decisions. Yi river is the main tributary of the Yellow River. In the headwaters of the Yi river, there are two very large molybdenum mines with a history of mining and smelting of many years. This area is also a region with a high molybdenum geochemical background.Using the collected regional molybdenum geochemical map, historical monitoring data, sampling data, remote sensing image, and spatial information of mineral enterprises, we found two reasons of why the molybdenum concentration is unusual in the basin. The first reason is the area is a high molybdenum region. The second reason is that the inherent solubility of molybdenum in the soil is changed due to human engineering activities. In this paper, we did a linear fitting on the soil samples and water samples collected from the natural areas and areas affected by human mining activities, and established a leaching model. By comparing the leaching capability of molybdenum in the soil of different areas, we found that the molybdenum release capability in areas affected by human mining was much higher than that in natural areas.Finally, this paper proposed a method to analyze the contribution rate of molybdenum concentration of this river section, using a combination of the leaching model and the D8 algorithm. The experimental results showed that the contribution rate of natural factors and human influence factors at the exit section of Yi River was 81.38% and 18.62% respectively. The background molybdenum concentration in this section was 0.16 mg/L.

Phenetic and Molecular Diversity of Nitrogen Fixating Plant Growth Promoting Azotobacter Isolated from Semiarid Regions of India

In the present study, 24 Azotobacter strains were isolated from soils of different areas of southern Rajasthan and characterized at biochemical, functional, and molecular levels. The isolated Azotobacter strains were gram negative and cyst forming when viewed under the microscope. These strains were also screened for their plant growth promoting activities and the ability of these isolates to survive under abiotic stress conditions viz. salt, pH, temperature, and drought stress. All the isolates showed IAA, siderophore, HCN, and ammonia production, whereas seven Azotobacter strains showed phosphate solubilization. Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) revealed significant diversity among Azotobacter strains and the dendrogram obtained differentiated twenty-four of the strains into two major clusters at a similarity coefficient of 0.64. Qualitative and quantitative N2 fixation abilities of these strains were also detrained, and the amounts of acetylene reduced by Azotobacter strains were in the range of 1.31 to 846.56 nmol C2H4 mg protein−1 h−1. The strains showing high nitrogen fixation ability with multiple PGP activities were selected for further pot studies, and these Azotobacter strains significantly increased the various plant growth parameters of maize plantlets. Furthermore, the best Azotobacter isolates were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and confirmed their identities as Azotobacter sp. The indigenous Azotobacter strains with multiple PGP activities could be further used for commercial production.

Determining Biological Activity of Soils to Maintain the Balance of the Urban Ecosystem

The article is devoted to the current problem of spatial changes in the biological activity of soils within the territories that are subject to various degrees of anthropogenic load. Changes in the structure and functions of separate components of soil causes restructuring in operation of the urban ecosystem in general and requires constant monitoring. To study the self-restoring capacity of urban soils, biological activity of soils in different areas of Academgorodok District of Irkutsk was evaluated. Methods of determination of biological activity of soils with the help of indicators of cellulosolytic, protease and urease activity were used. It was shown that, under anthropogenic impact, soils of different areas develop adaptive mechanisms, the activity of which is aimed at enhancing resistance to human negative impact on the environment (oil pollution, reduction of vegetation). The data obtained as a result of the research characterize the ability of the studied soils to self-repair and can be used to develop methods for soil restoration within an urban area.

NATURAL AND TECHNOGENIC RADIONUCLIDES IN SOILS IN A SMALL RUSSIAN ARCTIC TOWN

The Onega District is among the first ten municipalities of the Arkhangelsk Region with the highest incidence of neoplasms warranting radiological studies. The aim of this research was to study content and distribution of natural and technogenic radionuclides in the urban soils of the Onega municipality and to identify the main low-intensity radioactive anomalies as well as to provide an objective assessment of radiation risks to health of the local population. Methods: A total of 99 soil samples were taken in several parts of the town. Specific activity of radionuclides was assessed using a gamma spectrometer. Standard soil-morphological, soil-geochemical, radiometric, mathematical-statistical and cartographic methods were applied. Results. Color contrast of the soils in different areas indicates the preservation of their relationship with the parent soil. The values of the effective specific activity of natural radionuclides in soil samples ranged from 28 to 99 Bq/kg. Low-intensity radioactive anomalies were revealed for the first time in town. It was determined that the composition of the town's soils ensures that the effective specific activity of natural radionuclides is not exceeded for materials of classes I and II used in construction. Conclusions. The revealed low-intensity radioactive anomalies can be associated with the influx of radionuclides into the soil as a part of coal combustion products in the local heating stations taking into account the active use of coal combustion products by the local population. It is necessary to assess the long-term effect of low-intensity radioactive anomalies on the population. Further research should concentrate on associations between the epidemiological patterns of diseases and radioactivity in Onega.

A Critical Analysis of the Morphometry of Two Endangered Medicinal Plants – “Bacopa monnieri L. and Centella asiatica L.”

Both the plants Bacopa monnieri L. and Centella asiatica L. are known for their medicinal values for many years. These plants are being used to cure various diseases such as - ulcer, tumor, eczema and anemia etc. Most important use of these plants is as memory vitalizer. So, there is a need to analyse the morphometry of both the plants in their natural state. In the present study the morphometry of plants were recorded and soil test was done to know the quality of soil of different areas of Hazaribag, where these plants naturally grows. Result shows that plants has different morphometry in terms of plant length, root length, number of nodes, distance between nodes, number of leaves and area of leaves etc.

Microplastics in Yellow River Delta wetland: Occurrence, characteristics, human influences, and marker

Microplastics (MPs) are widespread in the environment including coastal wetlands. The influence of different types and intensities of human activities on the occurrence of MPs in coastal wetlands is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of MPs and the contribution of human activities in different areas of Yellow River Delta wetland. MPs were widely detected in different areas of the wetland even in the protection area with little human activities. Direct human activities resulted in more severe MPs contamination in the protection area than the tourism area. In the soil of different areas, the MPs abundances ranged from 136 to 2060 items/kg. The concentrations of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ranged from 536 to 660 μg/kg, and the concentrations of polycarbonate (PC) ranged from 83.9 to 196 μg/kg. The MP abundances of the three areas had significant correlations with PET concentrations. These results indicate that the direct influence of human activities has much greater contribution than indirect influence. These results also suggest that PET concentration can be used as a potential marker of MPs contamination in wetland soils.

Медь в пахотной и луговой почве Гомельщины

В статье анализируются результаты исследований определения содержания меди в пахотной и луговой почве в районах Гомельской области выполненных с четырёхлетним интервалом. Установлено колебание средневзвешенных показателей меди, в 2013 году, в пахотной почве в пределах 1,44–2,16 мг/кг, в 2017 году — 1,42–2,17 мг/кг почвы, в луговой — соответственно 1,55–2,20 и 1,83–2,20 мг/кг почвы. Отмечается увеличение количества площадей с более высоким содержанием в почве меди. Если в 2013 году 47,9% обследованных площадей пахотных почв имели удельную концентрацию меди более 1,51 мг/кг почвы, то по состоянию на 2017 год уже 50,2%, соответственно луговых почв — с 54,2% до 60,9%.

Volcanism and geochemistry of soil and vegetation cover of Kamchatka. Communication 2. Specificity of forming the elemental composition of volcanic soil in cold and humid conditions

Volcanic soils of Kamchatka have the low contents of most the chemical elements in relation to their overall prevalence in the soils of continents and volcanic soils of Europe. Relatively increased gross contents of elements typical for volcanic rocks of medium and basic composition: Na, Ca, Mg, Cd, Mn, Co, Cu, and steadily low contents of elements characteristic of acid volcanics: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Nb, Hf, Tl, Rb and Th, is most characteristic of the soils of different areas of the peninsula. The existing in the past and currently observed different conditions of volcanism in the previously allocated soil areas of Kamchatka determine the diversity of the chemical composition of the soils in these territories.

Volcanism and geochemistry of soil and vegetation cover of Kamchatka. Communication 2. Specificity of forming the elemental composition of volcanic soil in cold and humid conditions

Volcanic soils of Kamchatka have the low contents of most the chemical elements in relation to their overall prevalence in the soils of continents and volcanic soils of Europe. Relatively increased gross contents of elements typical for volcanic rocks of medium and basic composition: Na, Ca, Mg, Cd, Mn, Co, Cu, and steadily low contents of elements characteristic of acid volcanics: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Nb, Hf, Tl, Rb and Th, is most characteristic of the soils of different areas of the peninsula. The existing in the past and currently observed different conditions of volcanism in the previously allocated soil areas of Kamchatka determine the diversity of the chemical composition of the soils in these territories.