PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 长期保护性耕作对黄土高原旱地土壤水分及作物叶水势的影响 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201211061556 作者: 作者单位: 甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(31360148);甘肃农业大学盛彤笙科技创新基金资助项目(GSAU-STS-1230) Effect of long-term conservation tillage on soil water regimes and leaf water potential of crops in rainfed areas of the Loess Plateau Author: Affiliation: College of Resource and environmental Sciences,Gansu Agricultural University,College of Resource and environmental Sciences,Gansu Agricultural University,Gansu Province,State Key Laboratory of arid land crop science,College of Resource and environmental Sciences,Gansu Agricultural University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:通过长期定位试验研究了黄土高原西部旱农区,传统耕作方式和5种保护性耕作措施对豌豆-小麦(P→W)和小麦-豌豆(W→P)轮作序列的耕层土壤水分和作物叶水势的影响。结果表明,与传统耕作(T)处理相比,保护性耕作都能不同程度地提高0-30 cm土层土壤含水量,增幅为3.29%-28.67%,其中免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)处理的土壤含水量在整个生育期内均为最高。豌豆和春小麦在不同生育期,叶水势的日变化趋势大致相同,均为清晨6:00最高,然后随着时间的推移而下降,大约在12:00-14:00之间达到最低,随后逐渐回升。春小麦各处理在拔节期和抽穗期的叶水势相对较高,孕穗期和开花期次之,灌浆期最低;叶片相对含水量在拔节期和抽穗期最高,开花期次之,灌浆期最低。豌豆各处理的叶水势均在出苗期和孕蕾期达到了最大值,分枝和开花期结荚期次之,灌浆成熟期相对较低;叶片相对含水量均随生育期的进程而呈下降趋势。整个生育期春小麦和豌豆各处理10:00的叶水势与0-30 cm平均土壤含水量之间显著相关,当土壤水分含量较低时,春小麦和豌豆叶水势与耕层土壤含水量的相关性达极显著水平。与传统耕作(T)相比,免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)、免耕+地膜覆盖(NTP)、免耕(NT)、传统耕作+秸秆还田(TS)、地膜覆盖(TP)5种保护性耕作措施能不同程度的提高作物叶水势、叶片相对含水量和作物产量,其中免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)的优势最明显。 Abstract:Based on long-term field experiments in the west of the Loess Plateau, this paper discusses the effects of conventional tillage (T) on soil water regimes and leaf water potential of crops for five conservation agricultural patterns, comprising conventional tillage with stubble incorporation (TS); no-till and no-stubble retention (NT); no-till with stubble retention (NTS); conventional tillage with plastic mulching (TP); and no-till with plastic mulching (NTP). The rotation systems of pea-wheat (P→W) and wheat-pea (W→P) under rainfed farming were studied. The results show that conservation tillage could increase surface (0-30cm) soil moisture content at sowing, and soil moisture content of conservation tillage are significantly higher than T, showing an increase of between 3.29%-28.67%. The NTS pattern for spring wheat and field pea soil water content were the highest over all growing stages. The leaf water potential of the field pea was obviously higher than that of spring wheat, but their daily dynamics were similar to each other over all growing stages. It was highest in the early morning at 6:00, and then decreased over time reaching a minimum at between 12:00-14:00, before gradually increasing again. At 18:00, the leaf water potentials were nearly restored to the level recorded at 9:00. As for spring wheat, the maximum leaf water potential appeared at the jointing and heading stage followed by the booting and flowering stage. The minimum leaf water potential appeared at the filling stage. The leaf relative water content of spring wheat was highest at the heading stage, followed by the jointing and flowering stages, reaching a minimum at filling stage. As for the field pea, maximum leaf water potential was achieved at seedling stage and pregnant bud stage, followed by branching and blossom podding stage. The minimum appeared at the grouting mature stage. The dynamics of water saturation deficiency was just the opposite to that of relative water content. The leaf relative water content of the field pea was reduced along with the growing stages under different tillage practices. Over all the growing stages, the leaf water potential of both spring wheat and field pea measured at 10:00 had a significant correlation with the average soil water content at 0-30cm. When the soil moisture content was relatively low, leaf water potential of spring wheat or field pea had a very significant correlation with soil water content. Compared with T, the five conservation agricultural patterns can increase the leaf water potential and leaf relative water content of crops, of which the effect of NTS is shown to be the most significant. Furthermore, osmotic regulation and turgor pressure maintenance could allow crops to achieve a high yield. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献