Level Of Soil Pollution Research Articles

ЗАКОНОМІРНОСТІ РОЗПОДІЛУ ВАЖКИХ МЕТАЛІВ НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ ВІЙСЬКОВОГО ПОЛІГОНУ "ОЛЕШКІВСЬКІ ПІСКИ"

The results of ecological-geochemical researches of soil cover of "Oleshkivski pisky" military training site, using maximum allowable concentration and classification of chemical elements with respect to hazard classes are presented. Analytical works to identify gross content and heavy metals movable forms in soils were defined by methods of atomic absorption and mass-spectometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICPMS) as well as by using gamma-ray activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis. Analysis and interpretation of the coefficients of heavy metal components concentration were conducted based on landscape and geochemical fundamentals. The regular network of the protoselection points was developed. This network is built taking into account landscape structure of the territory, and provides control over landscape and geochemical currents and barriers. The average index of soil cover pollution of the polygon was calculated taking into account different toxicity of the elements. This index reaches its maximum in the region of firing positions and military polygon. The average Zc index of the upper soil level is 32, which corresponds to the dangerous level of soil pollution. The research revealed the content of moveable forms of heavy metals in soil cover of the polygon in order to identify toxic and tolerant levels of heavy metals concentration and reserve sources of elements in soils, which can maintain optimal concentration level in soil solution. It was defined that content of heavy metals in three movable forms are represented in the following geochemical units, mg/kg: in acid soluble form – Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > V > Ni > Co > Cd; in exchangeable form – Mn > Zn > Pb > V > Co = Ni > Cu > Cd; in water soluble form – Mn > Zn > Pb = V > Co > Ni > Cd > Cu. The article presents research results on accumulation intensity and the nature of distribution of gross and mobile heavy metals forms in soil and on their migration in the soil profile. The dominant technogenic geochemical unit was extracted: Cd > Hg > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni > V > Co > Mn. Landscapes with maximum polyelement contamination have been identified.

Soil Microbial Contamination And Its Impact On Child Diarrheal Disease Incidence In Ulaanbaatar

Air and soil contamination in developing countries exacerbates due to poor management of waste collection and serves as a morbidity and mortality factor. This study aimed to conduct an assessment of soil pollution level in Ulaanbaatar and establish а correlation between microbial contamination and registered occurrences of contagious diarrheal diseases among children (0-5 years old). This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Ulaanbaatar in June-September of 2016. Samples of soil and contagious diarrheal disease morbidity data in 0-5-year-old children were used. Samples were taken from the sites three times, in July, August, and September. The data analysis was done in the SPSS-21 program and relevant parametric and non-parametric tests were used. The highest level microorganisms were found in the samples taken from sites near major markets and then in the samples from ger areas. The analysis of the samples revealed that 111.78 microorganisms exceed the standard level 1.1 times in summer. The Escherichia coli (E.Coli) and Proteus also contaminated the ground water. All diarrhea occasions in Ulaanbaatar were analyzed by seasons and months, the prevalence was peaking in August. A correlation was found with the soil E.Coli titers and infectious diarrheal disease children under five years old morbidity. The number of microorganisms in soil tends to increase in summer. Diarrheal disease infections among children under five increase most in summer and autumn and correlate with soil contamination with pathogenic microorganisms.

Environmental risk and housing price: An empirical study of Nanjing, China

Abstract Some previous studies have investigated the impact of environmental risk on housing price, which focused mainly on a certain type of environmental risk. Studies are lacking on the associations between housing price and total environmental risks considering various types of risks within a city. We conducted an empirical study in Nanjing, China. We first assessed the spatially resolved accidental risks of chemical-industrial enterprises, gas stations, expressways, and the cumulative risks of soil heavy metal pollution and atmospheric PM2.5 pollution. We then derived the total environmental risks in Nanjing. Finally, we applied the hedonic price model to investigate the impacts of total and specific environmental risks on housing price. The results show that the higher environmental risks of gas stations and chemical enterprises were associated with lower housing prices. In addition, associations between housing price and the environmental risks of expressways and atmospheric PM2.5 were positive. The different associations for different risks led to an inverted U-shaped association between housing price and total environmental risk. In areas with lower total environmental risks, major risk types were heavy metals in the soil and air pollution risks. Soil and air pollution levels increase as the distance to urban centers decreases. The spatial heterogeneity of soil and air pollution risks is not easily perceived. When people are purchasing a residence, they probably do not consider the risk factors of soil and air pollution but focus instead on the factors of location, structure, and neighborhood. Thus, housing price was positively associated with total environmental risks. In areas with higher total environmental risks, gas stations and chemical enterprises started to show their impacts. Since these risks are high and perceivable, people avoid these kinds of risks, and thus, housing price was shown to be negatively associated with total environmental risk.

Climate change effects on earthworms - a review.

Climate change can have a plethora of effects on organisms above and below the ground in terrestrial ecosystems. Given the tremendous biodiversity in the soil and the many ecosystem functions governed by soil organisms, the drivers of soil biodiversity have received increasing attention. Various climatic factors like temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, as well as extreme climate events like drought and flood have been shown to alter the composition and functioning of communities in the soil. Earthworms are important ecosystem engineers in the soils of temperate and tropical climates and play crucial roles for many ecosystem services, including decomposition, nutrient cycling, and crop yield. Here, we review the published literature on climate change effects on earthworm communities and activity. In general, we find highly species- and ecological group-specific responses to climate change, which are likely to result in altered earthworm community composition in future ecosystems. Earthworm activity, abundance, and biomass tend to increase with increasing temperature at sufficiently high soil water content, while climate extremes like drought and flooding have deleterious effects. Changing climate conditions may facilitate the invasion of earthworms at higher latitudes and altitudes, while dryer and warmer conditions may limit earthworm performance in other regions of the world. The present summary of available information provides a first baseline for predictions of future earthworm distribution. It also reveals the shortage of studies on interacting effects of multiple global change effects on earthworms, such as potential context-dependent effects of climate change at different soil pollution levels and across ecosystem types.

Socio-economic and environmental features of development Krasnoyarsk Territory

The article analyzes the levels of socio-economic development and environmental situation in the Krasnoyarsk territory in comparison with the subjects of the Federation of the Siberian Federal district. The key indicators of socio-economic and environmental development of the Krasnoyarsk territory were shown. The ecological problems of the territories of large cities with high and very high levels of water, air and soil pollution are highlighted. The spatial differentiation of anthropogenic impact on environmental components and the severity of geoecological problems in the region are emphasized.

Estimation of the Soil Toxicity Level in the Areas of Anthropogenic Mineral Deposits by Means of Quantitative Parameters and Biotesting

The level of soil pollution in the areas of manganese slug dumps from ferroalloy production has been estimated on the basis of heavy metal content of soils and response of test plants. The concentrations of heavy metals in soils have been determined, the corresponding hazard factors have been calculated, and the toxicity level of soils has been assessed. Such studies make it possible to simultaneously judge the amount of toxicants (namely heavy metals) in soils and evaluate the level of soil toxicity by the response of biological species used in biotesting.

Heavy metals content in agricultural soils of Vladimir region, Russia

The research presents the results of our field study of the arable layer of agricultural soils in 2017. The study was carried out applying continuous agrochemical testing of the following heavy metals: gross content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Mn, Ni. Atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine heavy metals in soil. The hazard coefficient was used to assess the soil pollution level. Heavy metals concentration in arable soils of the Vladimir region range as follows (min → max): Cd-0.13-0.36 mg / kg; Cu – 2.11 - 10.2 mg/kg; Co – 2.62 – 7.9 mg/kg; Pb – 3.43 - 10.2 mg/kg; Ni – 2.78 - of 15.6 mg/kg; Zn – 12.5 – 35.6 mg/kg; Mn - 136 - 541 mg/kg. Calculating the hazard ratio, the series is presented differently: Cu →Pb →Mn →Co→Zn→Ni→Cd. In comparison with background indicators gross content increase of the following elements occurred in the region: Pb (17.2%), Cu (13.5%), Zn (1.3%), Co (17.4%). Cd and Mn slightly decreased. Ni showed no changes. Fertilizers are the main source of HM in the arable layer. The research show that heavy metals gross content in the arable soil layer in the region does not exceed MPC; thus, arable soils in the Vladimir region are slightly polluted with heavy metals and are not harmful to human health.

Analysis and Hazard Assessment of Potentially Toxic Metals in Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soils Around Transformer Installation Areas.

Background.Soil contamination resulting from the use and handling of petrochemicals and other petroleum products during power generation activities is an increasing global concern due to its adverse impact on the ecosystem.Objectives.The present study was carried out to determine the concentrations and speciation of potentially toxic metals in oil-contaminated soils around transformer installation areas in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, and to confirm soil pollution levels with hazard quotient and hazard index analysis.Methods.Soils from the transformer oil-contaminated and uncontaminated (control) areas were collected at 0–15 cm and 15–30 cm depths and analyzed for heavy metal concentrations using atomic absorption spectrometry. The metals were fractionated and their hazard evaluated to confirm the pollution level of the contaminated soils.Results.The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in the two sets of oil-impacted soils were higher than in the control soils. The metals also had relatively moderate bioavailability and mobility potential with more of the proportion retained in the residual fraction. Chronic daily intake (CDI) of the metals increased in the order of: Cd < Cr < Pb < Ni < Mn < Cu < Zn < Fe, while chronic daily intake risk exposure pathway followed the order of: CDIinhalation < CDIdermal < CDIingestion.Conclusions.The study concluded that the concentrations of the metals were within permissible limits, but the chronic daily dosage was significant and may pose a health hazard to humans with long term exposure to these heavy metal contaminants.Competing Interests.The authors declare no competing financial interests.

Open mining pits and heaps of waste material as the source of undesirable substances: biomonitoring of air and soil pollution in former mining area (Dubnik, Slovakia).

Moss and lichen bag technique (Dicranum sp., Hypnum sp., Polytrichum sp., Hypogymnia physodes) and activity of soil enzymes (urease, acid and alkaline phosphatase, fluorescein diacetate, ß-glucosidase) were used as bioindicators of air and soil pollution in Dubník former mining area (East Slovakia). Ten open mining pits and 8 heaps of waste material were chosen for the research purposes. Contamination factor (Cf), degree of contamination (Cd), and pollution load index (PLI) were used to evaluate the level of soil pollution and relative accumulation factor (RAF) expressed the level of air pollution by risk elements (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sb, Pb, Zn). Based the degree of contamination results, the study area was polluted by individual elements in the following order: Fe>Cd>As>Pb>Sb>Zn>Cu>Ni>Mn. The highest values of Mn and Ni and lower values of urease were determined in open mining pits comparing heaps of waste material. The results of PLI index confirmed extreme pollution at all sampling sites. Considering the average RAF values showed the decrease of accumulation abilities of evaluated taxa in the following order: Dicranum sp.>Hypnum sp.>Hypogymnia physodes>Polytrichum sp.

Remote sensing and geochemical monitoring of soils and vegetation cover of industrial waste dumping site (Kursk region)

The paper summarizes results of long-term remote sensing and geochemical monitoring of soils and vegetation cover influenced with abandoned industrial waste dumping site at the southern periphery of Kursk city. Analysis of prolonged image time series (19542018) has resulted in the reconstruction of natural landscape pattern in study area, mapping the expansion of waste deposit area under the period of active exploitation, delineation of five historic-functional zones of the dumping site. These zones are featured with different age and type of technogenic transformations in landscape structure, particular levels of heavy metals content and their distribution in soils and vegetation. Studies of spatial pattern and long-term (20002017) changes in contamination of soils and technogenic surface formations with heavy metals revealed that the maximum level of soil and vegetation pollution with heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Ni, Zn, Cu, Sb) is fixed for the zone of excavation, mixing and secondary burying of industrial wastes in 2000s. Increased concentrations of Sb and Zn still persist in surface soil layers of chernozems outside the territory of abandoned dumping site.

Soil Heavy Metal(loid) Pollution and Phytoremediation Potential of Native Plants on a Former Gold Mine in Ghana

This study investigated the soil pollution level and evaluated the phytoremediation potential of 25 native plant species on a former gold mine-tailing site in Ghana. Plant shoots and associated soil samples were collected from a tailing deposition site and analyzed for total element concentration of As, Hg, Pb, and Cu. Soil metal(loid) content, bioaccumulation factor (BAFshoots), and hyperaccumulator thresholds were also determined to assess the current soil pollution level and phytoextraction potential. The concentration of As and Hg in the soil was above international risk thresholds, while that of Pb and Cu were below those thresholds. None of the investigated plant species reached absolute hyperaccumulator standard concentrations. Bioavailability of sampled metal(loid)s in the soil was generally low due to high pH, organic matter, and clay content. However, for Cu, relatively high bioaccumulation values (BAFshoots > 1) were found for 12 plant species, indicating the potential for selective heavy-metal extraction via phytoremediation by those plants. The high levels of As at the study site constitute an environmental and health risk but there is the potential for phytoextraction of Cu (e.g., Aspilia africana) and reclamation by afforestation using Leucaena leucocephala and Senna siamea.

Contamination of Soils and Sub-Soils at Construction Sites

Construction works, like any anthropogenic activity, have a negative impact on natural complexes. High levels of air, water and soil pollution are observed in areas of construction. This occurs at all construction stages: during the design and survey work, during the construction of roads and quarries, directly during the work on the construction site. Each stage of construction results in a new pollutant appearing each time. The greatest problem is the contamination of soils and sub-soils: soil dumps on construction sites, using bulk construction supplies, storing various supplies on the construction site, washing off bulk materials into the areas adjacent to the construction site, and the contamination of soil with fuel. The paper presents the results of the study describing the process of penetration of oily liquids, exemplified by kerosene, diesel fuel and gasoline. Studies were conducted in the laboratory. Sand is used as soil in accordance with the similarity criterion. Each type of fuel underwent series of tests with different volumes 50, 100 and 150 ml. The minimum number of tests in the series – 6. The minimum testing time for each series – 24 hours. The results of the study were analyzed and presented in the form of tables and graphs. The study revealed the following. Initially, the process of penetration is the same for all liquids tested. With the minimum tested volume, the average penetration depth for gasoline was 16.7 cm, for kerosene – 12 cm, and for diesel fuel – 21.5 cm. With the maximum tested volume, the average penetration depths were 21 cm, 21 cm and 21.5 cm, respectively. The studies also showed that, at the initial period, diesel fuel penetrates the sub-soil more slowly compared to all other tested liquids. This is due to a higher level of viscosity. The paper considers ways to reduce the impact of soil contamination on biota, as well as ways to eliminate this negative impact, leading to an increase in the efficiency of land improvement works, which take place after construction.

Concentration Characteristics, Source Analysis, and Potential Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in a Peak-cluster Depression Area, Southeast of Yunnan Province

The pollution characteristics, sources, and ecological risk of heavy metals in farmland soils were studied in a peak-cluster depression area southeast of Yunnan Province. In total, 199 topsoil samples were collected using the grid method and contents of eight heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, and Hg) were determined. The geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index (RI) were used to evaluate soil pollution levels and potential ecological risks, respectively. The absolute principal component scores-multivariate linear regression (APCS-MLR) model and cluster analysis were used to identify the pollution sources and apportion the heavy metals in the soils. The results show that the mean content of Cd, Hg, Cr, Ni, and Zn was higher than their respective background values, exceeding them by up to 16.00, 7.29, 1.46, 1.45, and 2.39 times, respectively. No evidence of the occurrence of other metals was found. The average RI was 1039.3, which represents a high potential ecological risk, with Cd and Hg being the most crucial elements. The APCS-MLR model revealed that natural sources (PC1), traffic sources (PC2), fossil fuel combustion sources (PC3), and agricultural sources (PC4) were the four main contributors of soil heavy metals. The primary source of Cd, Cr, and Ni was PC1, while PC2 was the main source of Pb and Zn. PC3 and PC4 were the main sources of Cu and Hg with contribution rates of 77.86% and 70.37%, respectively. The main sources of As were PC1 (46.71%) and PC4 (49.46%).

Derivation of the Thresholds of Available Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Soil Based on Agricultural Product Safety

Based on the total and available concentrations of heavy metal elements in agricultural soil, and the concentrations of heavy metals in rice collected from Daye city, Hubei province, and the thresholds of available concentrations of heavy metals were derived by species sensitivity distribution (SSD). The over-standard rates of Cd and Cu in the soil were 90.7% and 42.6%, respectively, which indicates that agricultural soil in Daye city exhibits signs of Cd and Cu pollution. The rates of Cd and Pb were 50.9% and 89.8% in brown rice samples, respectively, which exceeds the safety standards of agricultural products. The SSD curves for Cd and Pb were fitted with BurrⅢ distribution based on the ratio of the concentration in brown rice and the available concentration in the soil. The hazardous concentrations (HC5) were derived inversely from the agriculture product safety standards. The thresholds of available Cd and Pb were 0.02 mg·kg-1 and 0.005 mg·kg-1, respectively. Compared with those of available Cd in other countries and studies, the threshold of available Cd is scientifically shown to be reasonable. Soil is not necessarily the main source of Pb in rice; thus, the rice species does not represent the derivation of the threshold of available Pb. Moreover, a lack of the accumulation data of Pb at low accumulation levels and multiple soil pollution levels leads to unreliable derivation. The results indicate that the threshold of available Pb does not have practical significance in soil pollution control.

Rapid Health Impact Assessment of a Proposed Poultry Processing Plant in Millsboro, Delaware.

In 2013, Allen Harim Foods purchased the former site of a Vlasic Pickle plant in Millsboro, Delaware, and proposed to convert the site into a poultry processing plant that would process approximately two million birds weekly. This generated concerns about the proposed plant’s potential to impact health and quality of life among residents. We conducted a rapid health impact assessment (HIA) of the proposed plant to assess baseline environmental health issues in the host community and projected impacts. The scoping and baseline assessment revealed social, economic, and health disparities in the region. We also determined that residents in the area were already underserved and overburdened with pollution from multiple environmental hazards near the proposed plant including two sites contaminated with hazardous wastes, a power plant, and another poultry processing plant. The projected size and amount of poultry to be processed at the plant would likely cause increased levels of air, soil and water pollution, additional odor issues, and increased traffic and related pollution and safety issues. The information generated from the HIA formed the basis of a campaign to raise awareness about potential problems associated with the new facility and to foster more engagement of impacted residents in local decision-making about the proposed plant. In the end, the HIA helped concerned residents oppose the new poultry processing plant. This case study provides an example of how HIAs can be used as a tool to educate residents, raise awareness about environmental justice issues, and enhance meaningful engagement in local environmental decision-making processes.

Physicochemical Assessment of Soil Deterioration in Bukan Sidi and New Garage Auto-Mechanic Villages within Lafia Metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

The level of soil pollution and deterioration was investigated in two auto-mechanic villages (Bukan Sidi and New Garage) within Lafia metropolis of Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Physicochemical parameters were analysed based on standard protocols. Total organic carbon in the mechanic villages was higher than in the control site; the highest was 1.58% at 0-10 cm depths of the two mechanic sites. Available phosphorus was 5.27±0.085 on the average ranging from 4.57 ppm to 6.02 ppm with significant differences across locations (F=14541.65, P=0.000). Magnesium was the lowest among all inorganic elements (0.05±0.008) with its maximum value at New garage. Phosphorus, potassium, sodium and calcium recorded highest mean values at Bukan sidi. The mean sodium at 0-10 cm depth of Bukan Sidi (0.32±0.003) was the highest recorded in three locations. The concentrations of all elements in soils of the two mechanic sites are significantly higher than those in the control site. Soil exchangeable acidity (EA) values in the mechanic villages are very low compared to the control sit; it ranged from 0.3 to 0.83 Meq/100 g. Bukan Sidi had the highest mean C.E.C of 2.85±0.003 at 20-30 cm depth. Significant differences exist in the distribution of soil particles across locations (P

Investigation of heavy metals concentration in soil around a Pb-Zn mine and ecological risk assessment

Background: Soil pollution with heavy metals seriously threatens soil quality, food safety, and humanhealth. This study was conducted to determine the soil pollution level and ecological risk assessmentof different heavy metals in agricultural soils around Nakhlak Pb-Zn mine, located in Anarak district,Nain county of Isfahan province.Methods: A total of 50 soil samples were collected from agricultural land around Nakhlak mine andanalyzed to determine the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Mn. The geo-accumulation index(Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and potential ecological-risk index (Er) were used to assess the level ofsoil pollution with heavy metals.Results: The mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Mn were 355, 2.72, 347, 26, 36, and505 mg/kg, respectively, which were higher than the background values of world soils. Based on theIgeo index, the study area was moderately to heavily contaminated with Pb and Zn, uncontaminated tomoderate contaminated with Cd and Cu, and uncontaminated with Mn and Ni. According to the EFvalues, the study soil was moderately contaminated with Mn, Ni, and Cu, significantly contaminatedwith Cd and Zn, and highly enriched with Pb. The RI values showed a moderate level of heavy metalscontamination in the study soil.Conclusion: According to the results, the ecological risk of heavy metals for ecosystem in agriculturallands around Nakhlak Pb-Zn mine is moderate. However, the contamination status should be consideredperiodically.

TWO WAVELENGTHS METHODS FOR DETERMINATION LEVEL OF CONTAMINATION OF SOIL WITH CRUDE OIL HYDROCARBONS USING REFLECTION SPECTRUM OF VEGETATION

The questions on determination level of contamination of soil with crude oil hydrocarbons using vegetations reflection spectrum are considered. The close link between concentration of pigments in vegetation and its reflection properties make it possible to use the reflection spectroscopy as an indicator to predict the vegetation stress occur due to spill of different types of crude oil. The reason is that light types of oil have a more effect on vegetation in comparison with heavy ones. The heavy types of oil have a predominant high molecular heavy components which are hardly transported and distributed within vegetation. The light oil is less viscose’s and well filtered through soil and roots of vegetation. The stressed condition occurred due to effect of oil is mainly reasoned by its such toxic components as aromatic compounds. The carried out analysis of reflection spectrums reveals the double polarity of differences of spectral signals formed by subtraction of reflection spectrums of oil of light and heavy types from controlled reflection spectrum. It causes uncertainty in estimation of contamination of oil using single wavelength method. The question on utilization in practices the inverse type interrelations for diminishing errors of measurements inherent for single wavelength method by transition to two wavelength regime of measurements. It is shown that presence of above said inverse interrelations allows to reach following prevalence’s upon use of two wavelength measurements. 1. Incrtease of dynamic range of measurements; 2. Decrease of random errors. Two variants of two wavelengths methods allowing to determine the level of contamination of soil with crude oil hydrocarbons are developed. The general methodic for determination of level of soil pollution with oil is suggested.

АНАЛИЗ ФАКТОРОВ ОСЛАБЛЕНИЯ ХВОЙНЫХ ДРЕВОСТОЕВ В РЕКРЕАЦИОННЫХ НАСАЖДЕНИЯХ

Исследования проводились с 2015 по 2018 г. на 11 постоянных пробных площадях, заложенных в рекреационных насаждениях сосны Pinus sylvestris и ели Picea abies в Санкт-Петербурге и Выборге и в насаждениях общего пользования г. Нарва-Йыэсуу (Эстония). Основные факторы ослабления насаждений, как сосны, так и ели, – сумма токсичных солей и кислотность почвы. С ними коррелируют уровни ионов натрия, хлора, магния, кальция, гидрокарбоната и сульфат-иона. Наиболее сильна корреляционная связь состояния насаждений ели с концентрацией ионов хлора. Коэффициенты регрессий оценок состояния насаждений сосны и ели на оценки загрязнения почв токсичными солями значимо не различаются, несмотря на различия в организации корневых систем ели. Возможная причина – проникновение токсичных солей в более глубокие слои почвы. Воздействие рекреационных нагрузок, дендропатогенных организмов, вредителей и погодных условий не влияет на состояние насаждений, но при максимальном уровне загрязнения и наихудшем состоянии насаждений отмечена наибольшая активность вредителей и патогенов. Полученные регрессионные уравнения могут быть использованы для прогнозов состояния древостоев сосны и ели в зависимости от загрязнения почв по двум уровням – летальном и предельно допустимом. Найденные различия пороговых значений загрязнения, стандартных ошибок регрессионных коэффициентов, минимальных и максимальных пороговых величин загрязнений почв токсичными солями между анализируемыми породами невелики. Это позволяет использовать средние от пороговых значений в качестве нормативов предельно допустимого и летального загрязнений почв, а также для мониторинга и прогнозирования состояния древостоев.

On the implementation of the ecological approach in the process of territories demilitarization

Ensuring environmental safety in the areas of rocketry operation is associated with an assessment of the natural environment response to the transient effects of chemically hazardous substances. The object of the research was Scotch pine as a bioindicator of pollution of the soil from the storage area of rocket fuel components (RFC). Infection of the needles with chlorosis and necrosis can characterize the level of soil pollution with toxic components. For soil reclamation, it is recommended to carry out a microbiological analysis of the soil and make a detailed map of phytotoxicity to calculate the volume and technology of work. When making a phytotoxicity map, it is recommended to take into account the percentage and quality ratio of needles samples subject to necrosis and chlorosis.